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IIR document
An improved approach to model compressors, condenser/gas cooler and their control system in refrigeration systems with R404A and R744 based on physical principles.
Gro?e Auswahl, wenig Alternativen? Ersatzkältemittel für R404A-Kältesysteme in Supermärkten.
Many choices, few alternatives? Alternative refrigerants for R404A systems in supermarkets.
Experimental investigation on condensation heat transfer of R404A and R407C outside horizontal enhanced tubes.
R-407H as drop-in of R-404A. Experimental analysis in a low temperature direct expansion commercial refrigeration system.
Estudio de campo para comparar 4 refrigerantes en la misma instalación R507, R407A, R407F, R442A, para baja temperatura de evaporación (-30°C).
Field study to compare four refrigerants R507, R407A, R407F, R442A in the same low-temperature (-30°C) evaporation installation.
Retrofitting of R404a commercial refrigeration systems using R410a and R407f refrigerants.
Laboratory evaluation of R407H for commercial refrigeration.
The evaluation of low GWP non-flammable refrigerant R407H for refrigeration as R404A alternative.
F-Gases EU Regulation: R404A replacement refrigerants – compressor manufacturer experience.
Mezclas HFC/HFO para sustituir al R404A en refrigeración comercial.
HFC/HFO mixtures to substitute R404a in commercial refrigeration.
Scambio termico di miscele refrigenranti a basso GWP come possibili alternative a R404A.
Heat exchange of low GWP refrigerant mixtures as a possible alternative to R404A.
Ensayos de nuevas alternativas de bajo GWP al R-404A para refrigeración comercial.
Tests for new low-GWP R-404A alternatives in commercial cooling.
Prestazioni impiaoto frigorifero di un supermercato, con R-449A in confronto al R-404A.
Results from supermarket refrigerating system trial with R-449A in comparison with R-404A.
Análisis teórico de sustitutos de bajo PCA en R404A para islas de refrigeración.
Theoretical analysis of R404A substitutes with low GWP for cooling islands.
Análisis de R-452A como alternativa al R-404A en sistemas de compresión de vapor.
Analysis of R-452A as an alternative to R-404A in vapour compression systems.
Refrigeration sector monitoring
35 results
Alternatives to replace R404A for refrigerated transport
With about 5 million refrigerated vehicles operating worldwide, there is active research and development focusing on identifying alternatives to R404A, which is traditionally used in truck and trailer...
Replacement of R404A in supermarkets
R404A is particularly targeted by the EU F-gas Regulation and many refrigerant producers announced important price rises. Various option can be considered to replace it.
Honeywell tests new R404A replacement
Honeywell has been testing a new low-GWP refrigerant as a potential replacement for R404A in hermetically-sealed refrigeration systems
Supermarkets: retrofit of refrigerating systems from R404A to R449A
Two examples of retrofitting supermarket refrigerating systems from R404A to R449A.
Refrigerated transport: R452A as a “drop-in” alternative to R404A
Two major transport refrigeration companies recently announced they will offer R452A as an alternative to R404A in their transport refrigeration units.
New low GWP replacement for R404A in hermetically-sealed systems
A new lower GWP replacement for R404A, which blends an HFO and an HFC with a “natural” refrigerant is to be made commercially available next year.
Commercial refrigeration: marketing of R471A, a new alternative to R404A
Honeywell recently announced the marketing of R471A, a non-flammable refrigerant with a GWP under 150. It is expected to replace R404A in medium temperature commercial refrigeration...
Consequences of the EU F-Gas Regulation: uncertainty on the future availability of R404A
Anyone installing equipment with R404A now will probably have to retrofit to a lower GWP refrigerant in the next few years.
US: R134a, R410A and R407C could be banned in chillers from 2025
AHRI and NRDC issue joint letter supporting EPA SNAP proposal to prohibit R134a, R410A and R407C in new chillers from 2025.
Mexichem, DuPont and Honeywell announced new HFO-based alternatives for R404A and R134a
M. Cooper, sales manager for Mexichem, revealed in RAC the manufacturer’s offering for stationary refrigeration would be based on its AC5 refrigerant (R444A) which has been undergoing development as a mobile air-conditioning refrigerant....
Member news: Carrier Transicold to offer R452A in the United States
Carrier Transicold proposes R452A as an alternative to R404A for refrigerated hauliers in the USA.
A French supermarket switches its refrigeration system to CO2 without closing the store
The French retailer Intermarché has replaced its R404A system with a transcritical CO2 system in a store in Montmagny, near Paris.
A low-GWP cooling system for the Eiffel Tower
The ageing R407C cooling system in the tower’s west pillar has been replaced with an energy efficient system using low GWP R1234ze(E).
US to ban high-GWP refrigerants
A rule proposal by the US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) provides that all high-GWP HFCs, including R134a, R404A and R410A, will be banned in most new refrigeration equipment...
Renewable energy for heating and cooling in the EU in 2022
The share of renewable energy sources for heating and cooling in the EU increased to 25% in 2022.
IIR news
6 results
ICR2023: ENOUGH, INDEE+ and SophiA conference papers are now online!
Download papers presented at ICR2023.
IIR member news: Carrier Transicold
Carrier Transicold, major transport refrigeration company, will offer R452A as an optional alternative to R404A.
Call for candidates for the Presidency and Governance of the IIR’s Careers in Refrigeration (CaRe) working group
The IIR’s CaRe (Careers in Refrigeration) working group is seeking a new President, Vice-Presidents and a Secretary to undertake activities until the next ICR2027 in South Korea.
IIR at COP29 in Baku: Week 1 in review
The first week of COP29 in Baku, Azerbaijan, brought together global leaders, scientists, and industry stakeholders to tackle pressing climate issues. Among the key participants, the...
Technical visit to the Tokyo fish market
At the ICCC conference last June, attendees had the opportunity to participate in technical visits, including a tour of the Tokyo fish market. Alain Le Bail, President of IIR Commission C2, joined the visit and...
IIR publishes a new Technical Brief: Domestic heat pumps using hydrocarbons - Current status and market overview in Europe
At a time when the energy transition is at the top of the global agenda, the IIR is publishing a new Technical Brief on domestic hydrocarbon heat pumps. This strategic document...
Encyclopedia of Refrigeration
9 results
Environmental impact of the ice cream industry
This summary document describes the environmental impact of ice cream manufacturing, which is mainly due to the energy consumption and refrigerants used.
Ice cream manufacturing, environmental impact and market data
From a physico-chemical point of view, ice cream is a complex, frozen multiphase mixture. The manufacturing process includes several stages of freezing which are described in this...
Thermophysical properties of HFC refrigerants
Thermophysical properties of over 100 HFC refrigerants, including single-component and blends.
Thermophysical properties of HFO refrigerants
Thermophysical properties of over 50 HFO refrigerants, including single-component and blends.
Thermophysical properties of hydrocarbon refrigerants
Thermophysical properties of over 20 hydrocarbon refrigerants, including single-component and blends.
Global warming potential (GWP) of HFC refrigerants
Using the latest updated data from UNEP’s RTOC 2022 report, we have compiled the 100-year GWP and 20-year GWP values of hydrofluorocarbon-based (HFC) refrigerants. Our table includes...
Cryogenics in the pharmaceutical industry: drug design and bioavailability improvement
Research activities in the pharmaceutical sector focus primarily on developing novel drug formulations which can elicit the desired response upon being administered to the patient...
Additive manufacturing of heat exchangers
In the refrigeration industry, additive manufacturing (colloquially referred to as “3D printing”) makes it possible to fabricate novel, complex and potentially more energy efficient...
Cryogenic nitrogen in the food and beverage industry
The adoption of cryogenic processes in the food and beverage industry is predominantly driven by liquid nitrogen (LIN), and it is the preferred candidate for food chilling and...
