Main menu
Search results
Search in FRIDOC
1931 results
IIR document
An improved approach to model compressors, condenser/gas cooler and their control system in refrigeration systems with R404A and R744 based on physical principles.
Avaliação experimental do desempenho de um sistema de refrigeração cascata R744/R134a.
Experimental evaluation of the performance of R744/R134a cascade refrigeration system.
Análisis experimental de mezclas R744/R290 en una bomba de calor multietapa de compresión de vapor.
Experimental analysis of R744/R290 mixtures in a multi-stage vapour compression heat pump.
Análisis y evaluación experimental de un sistema en cascada R744/R290 empleando tres configuraciones de intercambiador intermedio.
Analysis and experimental evaluation of an R744/R290 cascade system using three heat exchanger configurations.
R744 cooling technology at ultra-low temperature.
Análisis experimental de un sistema de subenfriamento en un ciclo simple de compresión de vapor usando R744 transcrítico.
Experimental analysis of a sub-cooling system in a single vapour compression cycle using transcritical R744.
The R744 multi-ejector hybrid CFD and experimentally-based reduced-order model.
Adaptación de los ciclos de compresión de vapor con R744 para bombas de calor domésticas al clima español.
Adaptation of vapour compression cycles with R744 for domestic heat pumps in the Spanish climate.
Recommended by the IIR / IIR document
R744 modular refrigeration technology at -50℃.
Mass flow characteristics and empirical modeling of R744 flow through electronic expansion device.
Performance investigation of a multi-ejector R744 heat pump.
Thermodynamic performance evaluation of a cascade refrigeration system with mixed refrigerants: R744/R1270, R744/R717 and R744/RE170.
Simulation and optimization of a R744 two- temperature supermarket refrigeration system with an ejector.
Experimental comparison of a cascade refrigeration system operating with R744/R134a and R744/R404A.
Thermodynamic modelling of two-phase R-744 ejectors in R-744 heat pumps.
Refrigeration sector monitoring
71 results
GL2024: Improving the performance of R744-refrigeration systems at high ambient temperatures
A paper presented during the 16th IIR-Gustav Lorentzen Conference on Natural Refrigerants proposes improving the performance of R744 refrigeration systems in transcritical operation using low-charge R290...
Replacement of R404A in supermarkets
R404A is particularly targeted by the EU F-gas Regulation and many refrigerant producers announced important price rises. Various option can be considered to replace it.
Alternatives to replace R404A for refrigerated transport
With about 5 million refrigerated vehicles operating worldwide, there is active research and development focusing on identifying alternatives to R404A, which is traditionally used in truck and trailer...
Honeywell tests new R404A replacement
Honeywell has been testing a new low-GWP refrigerant as a potential replacement for R404A in hermetically-sealed refrigeration systems
Supermarkets: retrofit of refrigerating systems from R404A to R449A
Two examples of retrofitting supermarket refrigerating systems from R404A to R449A.
Refrigerated transport: R452A as a “drop-in” alternative to R404A
Two major transport refrigeration companies recently announced they will offer R452A as an alternative to R404A in their transport refrigeration units.
New low GWP replacement for R404A in hermetically-sealed systems
A new lower GWP replacement for R404A, which blends an HFO and an HFC with a “natural” refrigerant is to be made commercially available next year.
Commercial refrigeration: marketing of R471A, a new alternative to R404A
Honeywell recently announced the marketing of R471A, a non-flammable refrigerant with a GWP under 150. It is expected to replace R404A in medium temperature commercial refrigeration...
Consequences of the EU F-Gas Regulation: uncertainty on the future availability of R404A
Anyone installing equipment with R404A now will probably have to retrofit to a lower GWP refrigerant in the next few years.
US: R134a, R410A and R407C could be banned in chillers from 2025
AHRI and NRDC issue joint letter supporting EPA SNAP proposal to prohibit R134a, R410A and R407C in new chillers from 2025.
Mexichem, DuPont and Honeywell announced new HFO-based alternatives for R404A and R134a
M. Cooper, sales manager for Mexichem, revealed in RAC the manufacturer’s offering for stationary refrigeration would be based on its AC5 refrigerant (R444A) which has been undergoing development as a mobile air-conditioning refrigerant....
Smart cold storage cuts food loss and energy use with digital twins and IoT sensors
A recent review published in Food Research International highlights how emerging technologies such as digital twins, IoT sensors, and AI-driven monitoring systems are transforming postharvest cold storage,...
A reversible CO2 heat pump for electric buses
Valéo recently introduced a R744 heat pump to produce heating and air conditioning in electric buses.
CO2, one of the options for reducing the carbon footprint of refrigerated transport
Comparison of CO2 emissions from refrigerated transport units using R744 and HFC-134a and overview of solutions that could reduce the carbon footprint of this sector.
A new non-flammable mixture to boost the performance of CO2 systems
In a recent IJR article, researchers propose combining R744 with Dimethyl-ether (DME) to boost system performance while ensuring safety and low environmental impact, in a recent IJR...
IIR news
14 results
INDEE+ Project: Norwegian R744 condensing units arrived in India for educational purposes
Three R744 condensing units were sent to India by Prof. Armin Hafner (NTNU, Norway) to educate Indian institutions, end-users and vendors on clean cooling technologies, with the aim of helping India meet...
INDEE+: Focus on the two-day workshop “Hotel Decarbonisation using R744 Heat Pump/chiller” organised in April
A two-day workshop titled “Hotel Decarbonisation using R744 Heat Pump/chiller” was organised on 26-27 April 2024 at Antarim Resorts, Goa. The technical session was followed by a demonstration of the R744 HP/C...
IIR member news: Carrier Transicold
Carrier Transicold, major transport refrigeration company, will offer R452A as an optional alternative to R404A.
Member news: Danfoss hosts global leaders in sustainable heating & cooling
In April, Danfoss hosted a week dedicated to sustainable heating and cooling. The second day featured Danfoss RACHP Symposium, where IIR Director General Yosr Allouche delivered a keynote presentation,...
Three educational and awareness-raising events within the framework of INDEE+ project in 2021
For the INDEE+ project, the end of the year 2021 was marked by several educational events aiming to raise awareness of the application of clean cooling systems offered by the CO2/R744 refrigeration...
INDEE+ Seminar at REFCOLD 2022
The first INDEE+ seminar gathering all the project partners and key Indian stakeholders took place at REFCOLD 2022 in Ahmedabad (Gandhinagar, Gujarat, India).
Member news : Danfoss launches thermostatic expansion valve for CO2
Danfoss has recently launched a thermostatic expansion valve for CO2, based on its TE2 valve. It is suitable for small to medium size remote refrigeration systems such as cold rooms and display...
An article from the IJR on the state of the art of CO2
An article published by NTNU and SINTEF in the International Journal of Refrigeration summarises several researches on current and future "CO2 only" solutions for supermarket applications.
15th IIR-Gustav Lorentzen Conference, June 13-15, 2022: the detailed programme is now available!
The detailed program of the 15th IIR Gustav Lorentzen Conference on Natural Refrigerants is now available online.
March 2023: An active communication and awareness campaign for INDEE+
March 2023 was marked by a series of communication events for INDEE+, gathering all project partners and key Indian HVAC&R stakeholders in India.
Member news: Automated order-pickup kiosks use containers from Carrier Transicold
Member news: grocery kiosks are being set up in Estonia. The CO2 refrigeration system is supplied by Carrier Transicold.
The Mostra Convegno exhibition
In March 2018 the IIR participated in one of the biggest exhibitions on refrigeration technologies, Mostra Convegno, which took place, as always, in Milan.
New IIR Informatory Note. Low-GWP Refrigerants: Status and Outlook
The latest IIR Informatory Note outlines the options available for low-GWP refrigerants and their respective performance. It provides a series of recommendations on refrigerant...
IIR partner in INDEE+
The IIR takes part of the project INDEE+ which aims to support the Indian refrigeration and Air Conditioning sector in the transition towards more sustainable and environmentally friendly...
Encyclopedia of Refrigeration
3 results
Cryogenics in the pharmaceutical industry: drug design and bioavailability improvement
Research activities in the pharmaceutical sector focus primarily on developing novel drug formulations which can elicit the desired response upon being administered to the patient...
Additive manufacturing of heat exchangers
In the refrigeration industry, additive manufacturing (colloquially referred to as “3D printing”) makes it possible to fabricate novel, complex and potentially more energy efficient...
Cryogenic nitrogen in the food and beverage industry
The adoption of cryogenic processes in the food and beverage industry is predominantly driven by liquid nitrogen (LIN), and it is the preferred candidate for food chilling and...
