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IIR document
The cryopreservation of mice skins for 5 weeks at -20°C and of human skin for 33 years at -196°C.
A numerical and experimental study on skin condensers applied to household refrigerators.
Difference in skin temp variation during a whole-body cryotherapy exposure in males and females.
Difference in skin temperature variation between whole- and partial-body cryotherapy devices : A new approach to optimized treatment protocols.
Impact of personal characteristics on whole body cryostimulation settings: a numerical simulation study using the FPC model.
Experimental evaluation of partial body cryotherapy unit with gas supply regulation.
Analytical modeling and numerical simulation of heat transfer in a skin evaporator.
A detailed study of the transient behavior of dual-skin chest-freezer with R290.
Closed cycle cryosurgical device with phase separator and mixed refrigerant.
Thermal performance of skin-type, hot-wall condensers, Part II: Design guidelines for household applications.
Cryogenic 3D printing of super soft hydrogels.
Thermal performance of skin-type, hot-wall condensers, Part I: Component-level modeling and experimental evaluation.
Loss of mitochondrial function and accumulation of acidic vesicular organelles under low-temperature incubation in HaCaT cells.
Analysis on the characteristic of heat absorbed by the pipes in pipe-embedded double-skin façade (PDSF).
Atlantic salmon skin gelatin hydrolysate: Antioxidant activity and functional role as a cryoprotectant in freeze-thawed surimi.
Refrigeration sector monitoring
346 results
Squid skin inspires research on next-generation space blanket
Next-generation space blankets could be made of a thermoregulatory material inspired by the functioning of squid skin, which changes color.
Temperature tracking in real time
Refrigeration transport companies are increasingly introducing temperature tracking systems. Pomona Terre Azur, located in Brittany, France, launched embarked Masternaut computer technology in 22 lorries in 2008. The computers are linked to a...
Automated order picking of fresh produce at Eroski
Eroski has become the first supermarket chain in Spain to automate its fresh produce order picking.
Briefs: Record-breaking CDM deals in Asia
The Clean Development Mechanism, established under the Kyoto Protocol, is a project and market-based mechanism that allows industrialized countries to invest in greenhouse-gas-mitigating activities in developing countries and earn certified...
Tracking drugs and life-sciences goods thanks to RFID temperature tag
DHL Global Forwarding has commercialized DHL Thermonet, an RFID-based air-freight service allowing customers to track the temperatures of their goods throughout the shipping process.
China: record temperatures in Beijing increase cooling demand
In June 2023, Beijing recorded its hottest temperatures in 60 years, affecting electricity and cooling demand.
New nature-mimicking freeze-casting technique
US DOE L. Berkeley Lab researchers have developed a nature-mimicking bidirectional freeze-casting technique that enables them to design and create strong, tough, porous and lightweight materials with applications in the medical sector
Making ammonia systems safer
Andy Pearson’s keynote presentation at the 2013 IIR Ammonia Refrigeration Technology conference concludes that safety hazards related to ammonia could be mitigated through the correct design of systems, based on real health and safety issues.
Quantum refrigerators: research is making progress
Two recent studies illustrate the progress of research on quantum refrigerators. Cooling applications for microelectronic compounds could be considered.
Long-distance refrigerated trucking in the US
According to a market report published by Ibis World international, industry revenue declined at an annual rate of -0.1% to USD 11 billion for the period 2007-2012.
China making push to reduce data center energy and water use.
The City of Beijing recently issued a ban on data centers with a power usage effictiveness (PUE) higher than 1.5.
2024: A record-breaking year for global temperatures, surpassing 1.5°C threshold
According to the Copernicus Climate Change Service, 2024 has officially become the warmest year on record, surpassing previous temperature highs and signaling a new phase in global climate change.
France: a government decision sets a time limit for the use of equipment leaking fluorinated greenhouse gases (in French)
A French decision states that from July 1, 2017, the use of equipment leaking fluorinated greenhouse gases will be limited to 4 days.
Cryolypolysis: removing fat cells by cooling
Cryolipolysis: Fat reduction really gets under the skin.
Thermoelectric bracelet for body-part cooling
A team from the Massachusetts Institute of Technology recently developed a thermoelelectric bracelet that monitors air and skin temperature sending tailored pulses of hot or cold waveforms to the wrist.
IIR news
176 results
The European Union project Cryohub in Beijing
The IIR organised a well-attended CryoHub workshop at the 5th International Conference on Sustainability and the Cold Chain in Beijing on April 7th.
The importance of heat pump data for policymaking: Insights from the IEA workshop
On January 23, the IIR participated in the workshop “The importance of heat pump data for policymaking and innovation,” organised by the IEA in Paris.
The IIR is taking part in standardization work for TTIIs in France
Gérald Cavalier, President of Section D of the IIR’s Science and Technology Council was appointed President of the new E18A Commission of AFNOR (Association Française de Normalisation, the French Standardization Agency): “Cold chain control -...
IIR actively involved in the French-speaking African edition of the Twinning Workshops for Montreal Protocol officers, energy policymakers and finance officials
Officials from 21 French-speaking African countries gathered in Tunis for the third Twinning Workshops, focusing on sustainable refrigeration and energy efficiency. Souhir Hammami and Marco Duran from the...
International Network for Women in Cooling Launches Online Platform to Connect Women Professionals Around the Globe
Paris, 11 May 2023 — Today, the International Network for Women in Cooling (INWIC) officially launched its web service, available at
The Cold Chain: A logistical challenge at the heart of the distribution of the COVID-19 vaccine
Gérald Cavalier - President of the Science and Technology Council of the International Institute of Refrigeration, President of the French Association of Refrigeration, President of the Cemafroid...
Rankine 2020 conference highlights opportunities and challenges for the future
The IIR Rankine 2020 – Advances in Heating, Cooling and Power Generation conference was organised by the Institute of Refrigeration UK (IOR) as an ambitious 5-day online event running across July 27-31. It...
The IIR worldwide
Focus on the latest IIR interventions around the world.
The long awaited ICR2015 is underway!
Held every four years, this year ICR2015 welcomes 1,011 conference delegates from 55 countries, making it a truly global refrigeration event.
Healthcare drones: Countless advantages for a healthier society
With the objective of making it possible for those who require urgent healthcare supplies delivered as often and as regularly as necessary, various companies are now pushing the possibilities of exploiting drones to deliver healthcare supplies...
IIR Congress 2019: The refrigeration event of the year
Taking place on August 24-30, 2019 in Montreal (Canada), birthplace of the 1987 Montreal Protocol, the IIR Congress 2019 will be organised under the theme “Refrigeration for Human Health and Future Prosperity" and will focus on the current global...
IIR member news: Linde
Linde Kryotechnik cryogenic company has developed a groundbreaking refrigeration system used to cool extreme temperatures in an experiment to create fusion fuel.
Publish your PhD thesis in Fridoc!
The IIR offers as a new service, referencing and making available in open access on its website, PhD theses dedicated to refrigeration.
Best wishes for 2015!
2015 will focus on two major issues: the International Conference on Climate Change taking place in Paris in December 2015 and the overall slowdown of global economic growth. The refrigeration sector will be affected by both events.
IJR editorial: The cop on climate change: a growing presence of refrigeration issues to be consolidated
The Conference of the Parties on climate change was held in Sharm-El-Sheikh (Egypt) from Sunday 6 November to Sunday 20 November 2022. Generally speaking, this COP did not result in the decisions and actions...
Encyclopedia of Refrigeration
8 results
Cryogenic nitrogen in the food and beverage industry
The adoption of cryogenic processes in the food and beverage industry is predominantly driven by liquid nitrogen (LIN), and it is the preferred candidate for food chilling and...
Liquefied Natural Gas: production process and cold energy recovery
Liquefied natural gas (LNG) is natural gas that has been cooled to about -160 °C and turned into a liquid to facilitate transportation and storage. A typical LNG supply chain...
Cryogenics in the pharmaceutical industry: drug design and bioavailability improvement
Research activities in the pharmaceutical sector focus primarily on developing novel drug formulations which can elicit the desired response upon being administered to the patient...
Global warming potential (GWP) of HFC refrigerants
Using the latest updated data from UNEP’s RTOC 2022 report, we have compiled the 100-year GWP and 20-year GWP values of hydrofluorocarbon-based (HFC) refrigerants. Our table includes...
Thermophysical properties of hydrocarbon refrigerants
Thermophysical properties of over 20 hydrocarbon refrigerants, including single-component and blends.
Thermophysical properties of HFC refrigerants
Thermophysical properties of over 100 HFC refrigerants, including single-component and blends.
Thermophysical properties of HFO refrigerants
Thermophysical properties of over 50 HFO refrigerants, including single-component and blends.
Additive manufacturing of regenerators for caloric cooling
In many areas of engineering, additive manufacturing allows the production of complex and multifunctional products that could not be manufactured using traditional methods. In the...
Events
3 results
IIR event
Data Centers at a Crossroads: Energy, Cooling, and Policy Challenges
May 12, 2026
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Other event
15th IEA Heat Pump Conference
May 26, 2026 - May 29, 2026
Vienna, Austria
Join the 15th IEA Heat Pump Conference, which will take place in Vienna, Austria,from May 26-29, 2026! The 15th IEA Heat Pump Conference, co-sponsored by IIR,...
11th IIR Conference on Solid-State Cooling, Heating and Energy Harvesting
June 07, 2026 - June 11, 2026
Ljubljana, Slovenia
Submit your full paper now! The 11th IIR Conference on Solid-State Cooling, Heating and Energy Harvesting (Thermag 2026), to be...
