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IIR document
Analysis of the influence structural defects on the critical current of the HTc superconducting tapes.
Critical temperature and performance of refrigerants - Application to chillers.
The enhancement of the critical temperature in thin aluminium films.
Fractionation testing for low critical temperature blends.
Prediction of critical temperature of binary refrigerant mixtures by neural network.
High Tc superconducting bulk materials for the Lorentz force velocimetry in low conducting and slow flowing fluids.
Unified artificial neural network-group contribution method for predictions of normal boiling point and critical temperature of refrigerants and related compounds.
Prediction of normal boiling point and critical temperature of refrigerants by graph neural network and transfer learning.
High-temperature working fluids for heat pumps – A way to select the optimal fluid for a given application.
Thermodynamic properties of 1,1,1,2-tetrafluoroethane (R-134a) + 2,3,3,3-tetrafluoropropene (R-1234yf) mixtures: Measurements of the critical parameters and a mixture model based on the multi-fluid approximation.
Experimental determination of the critical parameters for trans-1-chloro-3,3,3-trifluoroprop-1-ene [R1233zd(E)] and cis-1-chloro-2,3,3,3-tetrafluoroprop-1-ene [R1224yd(Z)].
Thermodynamic properties of HFO-1336mzz(E) (trans-1,1,1,4,4,4-hexafluoro-2-butene) at saturation conditions.
A new apparatus for measurement of the critical p-ρ-T properties based on the variable-volume method.
An improved corresponding states principle model for orthohydrogen thermal conductivity from the triple point to 300 K and 20 MPa.
Thermodynamic properties measurement of HFO1132(E).
Refrigeration sector monitoring
19 results
IIR Rankine Conference 2020: Which alternative working fluids for ORC systems?
HFOs (hydrofluoroolefins), HCFOs (hydrochlorofluoroolefins) and hydrocarbons were the main alternatives to HFC245fa presented during the IIR Rankine Conference 2020.
IIR GL2020 conference: Range of CO2 applications
Almost half of the presentations at the IIR Gustav Lorentzen conference in Kyoto focused on CO2, in commercial refrigeration systems but also in many other applications. Overview of these...
Alternatives to replace R404A for refrigerated transport
With about 5 million refrigerated vehicles operating worldwide, there is active research and development focusing on identifying alternatives to R404A, which is traditionally used in truck and trailer...
Current status and future trends of natural refrigerants in North and South America
Two papers presented at the IIR Gustav Lorentzen Conference perfectly illustrate the interest in natural refrigerants and the obstacles they face in the Americas.
IIR 2023 conference in Ohrid: focus on CO2 heat pumps
As demonstrated at the last IIR conference in Ohrid , heat pumps are a potential development area for the use of CO2, in particular for the thermal management of electric vehicles.
Addressing gender and regional disparities in access to cooling
The annual Chilling Prospects report estimates that 1.12 billion poor people in rural and urban areas are at high risk due to a lack of access to cooling.
Vapour compression refrigeration for space applications
An IJR review paper presents the history of vapour-compression refrigeration systems used in microgravity environments and sets the next steps of research needed to achieve reliable...
Alternative refrigerants to high-GWP HFCs
Intensification of international regulations on HFCs such as the Kigali Agreement or the European F-Gas Regulation leads refrigerant manufacturers to search for alternatives to high-GWP HFCs. Focus on some alternatives to R410A and R23.
Challenges related to the adoption of air conditioning in emerging economies by 2040
The authors of a recent article modelled the adoption of air conditioning by 2040 in four emerging economies: Brazil, India, Indonesia, and Mexico. The adoption of AC could increase between two- to sixteen-fold,...
Challenges for post-pandemic food cold chain
The COVID-19 pandemic has revealed several shortcomings in the global food cold chain. In the aftermath of the pandemic, investment in the cold chain is necessary to maximise access to food and reduce waste....
Faults and energy consumption of CO2 refrigeration systems in supermarkets
Food products refrigeration accounts for the largest share of energy consumption in supermarkets. In a recent study, the most common faults in supermarket CO2 refrigeration systems were investigated,...
R1234yf as a working fluid in Organic Rankine Cycle systems
A recent review article presented the use of HFO R1234yf and its mixtures in Organic Rankine Cycle (ORC) systems, namely in applications for waste heat recovery from internal...
Cryogenics 2021 highlights: applications of liquid nitrogen
Cryopreservation of biological materials to favour biodiversity and cooling of superconducting cables to allow transmission of electrical energy with zero resistance are key applications of liquid...
Data centre uses river water for cooling
The American company Nautilus commissioned its first data centre naturally cooled by water from a river in April.
Reducing the environmental impact of ultra-low temperature refrigeration systems
Ultra-low temperature (ULT) refrigeration systems often use very high-GWP HFCs. Yet, ULT systems are excluded from the scope of the regulations aimed at phasing-down HFCs. An IJR paper reviews the most promising...
IIR news
6 results
The IIR is taking part in standardization work for TTIIs in France
Gérald Cavalier, President of Section D of the IIR’s Science and Technology Council was appointed President of the new E18A Commission of AFNOR (Association Française de Normalisation, the French Standardization Agency): “Cold chain control -...
Member news: Koura introduces new refrigerant for air conditioning
Refrigerant manufacturer Koura recently introduced R468C, a refrigerant that could replace R410A in air conditioning systems.
Healthcare drones: Countless advantages for a healthier society
With the objective of making it possible for those who require urgent healthcare supplies delivered as often and as regularly as necessary, various companies are now pushing the possibilities of exploiting drones to deliver healthcare supplies...
Statement from IIR Director General at COP29
Watch the IIR’s official statement delivered by IIR Director General Yosr Allouche at COP29, held in Baku, Azerbaijan, from 11-22 November, 2024. Transcript is available...
Past events: The IIR around the world, August and September 2024
A look back at the IIR’s latest events during conferences (Gustav Lorentzen, Thermag, Compressors) and during sponsored vents (CHPC).
World Refrigeration Day 2020
The annual World Refrigeration Day aims to raise awareness among the wider public about the importance of refrigeration technologies in everyday life. Organised under...
Encyclopedia of Refrigeration
5 results
Thermophysical properties of HFC refrigerants
Thermophysical properties of over 100 HFC refrigerants, including single-component and blends.
Thermophysical properties of HFO refrigerants
Thermophysical properties of over 50 HFO refrigerants, including single-component and blends.
Thermophysical properties of hydrocarbon refrigerants
Thermophysical properties of over 20 hydrocarbon refrigerants, including single-component and blends.
Liquefied Natural Gas: production process and cold energy recovery
Liquefied natural gas (LNG) is natural gas that has been cooled to about -160 °C and turned into a liquid to facilitate transportation and storage. A typical LNG supply chain...
Ice cream manufacturing, environmental impact and market data
From a physico-chemical point of view, ice cream is a complex, frozen multiphase mixture. The manufacturing process includes several stages of freezing which are described in this...
