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IIR document

Liquid air energy storage. Part of the joint project "offshore wind solution".

• Author(s) : GROSSMANN B., EGGERS D., BOBSIN P., et al.
• Publication date: 2017/05/15
• Languages : English
• Keywords : Electricity, Design, Air, Energy storage, Sea, Liquefied gas, Wind energy
• Source: Cryogenics 2017. Proceedings of the 14^th IIR International Conference: Dresden, Germany, Mai 15-19, 2017.
• Formats : PDF

IIR document

Design studies on building-integrated wind energy using CFD simulations.

• Author(s) : YANG A. S., WANG W. S., WANG P. C., et al.
• Publication date: 2015/08/16
• Languages : English
• Keywords : Velocity (fluids, gases), Turbine, Plant (equipment), CFD, Building, Turbulence, Wind energy
• Source: Proceedings of the 24th IIR International Congress of Refrigeration: Yokohama, Japan, August 16-22, 2015.
• Formats : PDF

Wind, Solar, and Photovoltaic Renewable Energy Systems with and without Energy Storage Optimization: A Survey of Advanced Machine Learning and Deep Learning Techniques.

• Author(s) : ABUALIGAH L., ZITAR R. A., ALMOTAIRI K. H., HUSSEIN A. M., ELAZIZ M. A., NIKOO M .R., GANDOMI A. H.
• Publication date: 2022/01
• Languages : English
• Keywords : Renewable energy, Wind energy, Solar energy, Energy storage, Optimization, Machine learning, Artificial intelligence, Calculation, Review
• Source: Energies - 15 - 2
• Formats : PDF

Recommended by the IIR / IIR document

Process simulation and integration of liquid air energy storage (LAES) in the context of wind electricity.

• Author(s) : SHMELEVA V. N., ARKHAROV I.
• Publication date: 2021/10/05
• Languages : English
• Keywords : Liquid, Air, Energy storage, Cryogenics, Liquefaction, Wind, Turbine, Thermodynamic property, Efficiency, Simulation
• Source: Cryogenics 2021 online. Proceedings of the 16^th IIR International Conference, October 5-7, 2021.
• Formats : PDF

Recommended by the IIR

Naturally air-conditioned nearly zero-energy housing: The Earth, Wind & Fire case study.

• Author(s) : PATIDAR Y., BOKEL R.
• Publication date: 2021/12
• Languages : English
• Keywords : Energy efficiency, Green building, Older building, Case study, Design, Solar thermal system, Energy consumption, Performance, Thermal energy storage, Natural ventilation
• Source: REHVA Journal - vol. 58 - 6
• Formats : PDF

Application of R-curve analysis in evaluating the effect of integrating renewable energies in cogeneration systems.

• Author(s) : BANIASSADI A., MOMEN M., SHIRINBAKHSH M., et al.
• Publication date: 2016/01/25
• Languages : English
• Keywords : Renewable energy, Heat, Power, Performance, Solar energy, Wind energy, Cogeneration
• Source: Applied Thermal Engineering - vol. 93

Recommended by the IIR / IIR document

Renewable energy today - A quick overview. 51st Informatory Note on Refrigeration Technologies.

• Author(s) : LAZZARIN R.
• Publication date: 2023/04
• Languages : French, English
• Keywords : Renewable energy, Energy saving, Wind energy, Solar energy, Review, Biomass, Geothermy
• Formats : PDF

Recommended by the IIR

A natural wind defrosting, nano-coated antibacterial self-cleaning energy-saving health air-cooled refrigerator.

• Author(s) : LIU Z., GAO J., CHEN X., ZHU B., HU Q.
• Publication date: 2021/05
• Languages : English
• Keywords : Defrosting, Energy saving, Household refrigerator, Air-cooled exchanger, Expérimentation, Natural ventilation, Cleaning, Sterilization
• Source: 2021 Purdue Conferences. 18^th International Refrigeration and Air-Conditioning Conference at Purdue.
• Formats : PDF

Recommended by the IIR / IIR document

Investigation on the performance characteristics of a novel heat pump directly driven by wind turbine.

• Author(s) : SUN X., ZHONG X., ZHANG M., XU J.
• Publication date: 2020/07/31
• Languages : English
• Keywords : Heat pump, Wind energy, Performance, Model, Simulation, Electricity
• Source: IIR Rankine Conference 2020.
• Formats : PDF

Operation of cool thermal energy storage to increase renewable energy utilization.

• Author(s) : ASSELT A. van, REINDL D. T., NELLIS G. F.
• Publication date: 2016/07/11
• Languages : English
• Keywords : Energy consumption, Commercial building, Energy storage, Solar energy, Wind energy, Thermal energy storage
• Source: 2016 Purdue Conferences. 4^th International High Performance Buildings Conference at Purdue.
• Formats : PDF

Integrating renewable energy systems in buildings.

• Author(s) : HAYTER S. J.
• Publication date: 2017/12/06
• Languages : English
• Keywords : Renewable energy, Regulations, Green building, Geothermy, Generality, Solar energy, Wind energy
• Source: 48^th International HVAC&R Congress and Exhibition.
• Formats : PDF

Design optimization of renewable energy systems in low/zero energy buildings using single and multi objective optimization methods.

• Author(s) : LU Y., WANG S., ZHAO Y.
• Publication date: 2014/07/14
• Languages : English
• Keywords : Renewable energy, Energy consumption, Building, Design, Simulation, Optimization, Solar energy, Wind energy, Air conditioning
• Source: 2014 Purdue Conferences. 3rd International High Performance Buildings Conference at Purdue.
• Formats : PDF

IIR document

“Night wind” energy storage concept develops into a product: a cold store time of use (ToU) controller.

• Author(s) : SLUIS S. M. van der, HOOGENDOORN E. J., DE GEUS A. C.
• Publication date: 2014/06/23
• Languages : English
• Keywords : Electricity, Calculation, Profitability, Energy storage, Optimization, Cold store
• Source: 3^rd IIR International Conference on Sustainability and the Cold Chain. Proceedings: London, UK, June 23-25, 2014
• Formats : PDF

Feasibility study of zero carbon domestic building in the UK.

• Author(s) : ZHU J., YE Y.
• Publication date: 2014/07/14
• Languages : English
• Keywords : United Kingdom, Renewable energy, Energy consumption, Building, Simulation, Performance, Solar energy, Wind energy, Insulation, Climate
• Source: 2014 Purdue Conferences. 3rd International High Performance Buildings Conference at Purdue.
• Formats : PDF

Prospects of powering a refrigerated warehouse with renewable energy.

• Author(s) : REINDL D., CLAAS M., DENISON J.
• Publication date: 2018/08
• Languages : English
• Keywords : Renewable energy, Generality, Energy consumption, Electricity, Simulation, Photovoltaic panel, Cold storage, Wind energy, Cost
• Source: EcoLibrium - vol. 17 - n. 7
• Formats : PDF

Ireland: example of energy storage using wind turbine

The idea is to store excess energy produced at night and to reuse it when it’s necessary during the day.

• Publication date : 2015/03/23

Defining energy efficiency indicators for refrigerated shipping vessels

A working group from the International Maritime Organisation (IMO) has proposed new energy efficiency indicators for ships. Shipping companies challenge their...

• Publication date : 2021/07/26
• Subjects: Environment

US: innovative technologies to reduce air conditioning costs

Two articles present innovative windows to reduce air conditioning costs.

• Publication date : 2017/02/17
• Subjects: Environment

Energy storage thanks to refrigeration

Electrical energy is notoriously difficult to store, especially on a large scale and this can be particularly problematical when dealing with irregular sources such as wind power for which there can be a great mismatch between energy supply and...

• Publication date : 2009/02/25

Radiative cooling coatings that can adapt to the seasons

A novel material can be used as a coating on building’s rooftops or windows to provide radiative cooling in the summer without overcooling in the colder months. 

• Publication date : 2022/01/28
• Subjects: Technology

Briefs: Night wind

A European project designed to store wind energy produced at night in refrigerated warehouses then to use this energy during daytime peak hours has been launched in The Netherlands. Wind turbines are being installed and cold store refrigeration...

• Publication date : 2007/11/20

Briefs: Refrigerated windmill provides drinking water

A windmill equipped with a small cooling system produces up to 200 litres of drinking water/day. Collecting moisture from wind was already applied in Chile for instance, but by adding the small cooling device, it was possible for Marc Parent, the...

• Publication date : 2010/05/27

Brief: Green towers: big can be green

The Bank of America's new 1 billion USD national headquarters in New York will be the first skyscraper to apply for a LEED (Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design) platinum rating. It will feature underfloor displacement air ventilation...

• Publication date : 2005/06/14

Briefs: Empire State Building

Once the world's tallest building, the Empire State Building is addressing a new challenge: it's going green. Chillers in the cooling plant will be rebuilt, and with insulation will generate roughly half the savings. The owners of the landmark...

• Publication date : 2009/08/13

Phare Tower

Morphosis's Phare (Lighthouse) Tower is to go up in La Défense, France. Thom Mayne, the Design Director, describes the future landmark building as follows: "Moving around the tower, it appears to shift continually, distinct from different vantage...

• Publication date : 2007/05/04

GeoExchange coalition: promoting earth-energy heat pumps

A coalition for the promotion of earth-energy heat pumps, called the GeoExchange Coalition has been formed in Canada. Five electric utilities formed this coalition in an effort to significantly increase the number of annual installations for...

• Publication date : 2004/09/14

"Smart" fridges

"Smart" fridges that stay cool by talking to each other, run on renewable electricity (photovoltaics, wind turbines) and are capable of negotiating the most energy efficient way to keep food cold have been developed by researchers from CSIRO's...

• Publication date : 2009/05/18

Intelligent fridges

- It is estimated that networked fridges will be widely used by 2015. How do consumers feel about such fridges that monitor product use, create shopping lists and arrange deliveries online? A recent survey involving 4600 shoppers in 8 countries...

• Publication date : 2008/08/12

Green buildings: Expo 2010 in Shanghai, China

Expo 2010 in Shanghai, China is on, and is expected to draw 70 million visitors. With a theme of "Better City, Better Life", it aims to explore the full potential of urban life in the 21st century and how to create an eco-friendly society....

• Publication date : 2011/02/04

Briefs: Purdue University

Purdue University will create a USD 23.5 million Center for High Performance Buildings to design systems for future structures that are more environmentally and user friendly, energy efficient, and safe. The project is funded by the US Commerce...

• Publication date : 2010/05/27

New IIR Informatory Note on Renewable Energy

The latest IIR Informatory Note stresses that renewable energy sources can be considered practically inexhaustible and are currently the only solution for an ecological transition to clean...

• Publication date : 2023/04/26
• Subjects: Environment

New IIR Informatory Note on thermal energy storage systems

IIR’s latest Informatory Note demonstrates that a well-designed TES system can reduce energy consumption through more efficient equipment operation and lower investment costs, thus reducing the equipment...

• Publication date : 2022/01/28

New European projects for the IIR

In line with its international activities, the IIR is going to take part in two European projects which have just been validated by the European Commission.

• Publication date : 2016/02/24

The IIR supports innovative European research projects on refrigeration

In line with its international activities, the IIR is currently involved in two European research projects both focused on very distinct areas of refrigeration technologies.

• Publication date : 2017/02/22

The IIR remains a key partner in European refrigeration projects

In line with its international activities, the International Institute of Refrigeration (IIR) is currently a partner of three European research projects focused on very distinct areas of refrigeration technology.

• Publication date : 2018/10/08

Latest news from B-Medical Systems, Epta and GEA, three IIR corporate members

B Medical Systems, a global leader in the vaccine cold chain, is expanding its production capacity due to the COVID-19 pandemic, Epta monitors R290 fridges in cashier-free store in Dubai and GEA provides a...

• Publication date : 2021/11/29

New IIR Informatory Note on passive cooling

The IIR’s latest Informatory Note demonstrates that passive cooling technologies can contribute significantly to reducing energy demand for air conditioning. 

• Publication date : 2022/04/29
• Subjects: Technology

New IIR Informatory Note on The Role of Refrigeration in the Global Economy

In its latest Informatory Note, the IIR highlights the major and growing role of the refrigeration industry in the global economy, particularly in the areas of food, health, energy and the environment. It calls on policy makers to consider this...

• Publication date : 2019/08/29
• Subjects: Figures, economy

26th IIR International Congress of Refrigeration - Call for abstract

Abstract submission for the 26th International Congress of Refrigeration is extended. ICR 2023 is scheduled from 21st to 25th August 2023 in Paris.

• Publication date : 2022/07/11

BETTED: a new IIR EU funded project

This project aims to promote the energy transition of the dairy value chain. The kick-off meeting is scheduled for March 11-12 in Brussels (Belgium).

• Publication date : 2024/01/26

LNG2023: Call for abstracts extended to October 24!

A two-week extension has now been confirmed to ensure LNG2023 does not miss hearing from some key industry voices. Don’t miss the new call for abstracts deadline of October 24, 2022!

• Publication date : 2022/10/11
• Subjects: Technology, Environment

Call for abstracts ends October 10: LNG2023, “Fuelling a Secure Energy Future”

LNG2023 is the largest and most significant global LNG industry conference and exhibition, occurring once every three years!

• Publication date : 2022/09/27
• Subjects: Technology, Environment

IIR Congress 2019: The refrigeration event of the year

Taking place on August 24-30, 2019 in Montreal (Canada), birthplace of the 1987 Montreal Protocol, the IIR Congress 2019 will be organised under the theme “Refrigeration for Human Health and Future Prosperity" and will focus on the current global...

• Publication date : 2019/07/30

New EU research project BETTED gets underway!

The IIR is one of 10 partners of the new European research project aimed at promoting the energy transition of the dairy value chain.

• Publication date : 2024/03/27

Ever-expanding market research resources at your fingertips

The IIR enhances its market research resources

• Publication date : 2015/05/27

Hydrocarbon refrigerants

Hydrocarbons such as R290 (propane), R600a (isobutane) or R1270 (propene/propylene) are low GWP non-toxic natural refrigerants with excellent thermodynamic properties. They offer an...

• Last update : 2022/06/22
• Langues : French, English
• Themes : Hydrocarbons, Containment, refrigerant charge reduction

Liquefied Natural Gas: production process and cold energy recovery

Liquefied natural gas (LNG) is natural gas that has been cooled to about -160 °C and turned into a liquid to facilitate transportation and storage. A typical LNG supply chain...

• Last update : 2023/06/23
• Langues : French, English
• Themes : LNG and LPG

Additive manufacturing of heat exchangers

In the refrigeration industry, additive manufacturing (colloquially referred to as “3D printing”) makes it possible to fabricate novel, complex and potentially more energy efficient...

• Last update : 2022/09/07
• Langues : French, English
• Themes : Evaporators, condensers and other heat exchangers

Additive manufacturing of regenerators for caloric cooling

In many areas of engineering, additive manufacturing allows the production of complex and multifunctional products that could not be manufactured using traditional methods. In the...

• Last update : 2022/09/16
• Langues : French, English
• Themes : Caloric cooling (magnetocaloric, electrocaloric, elastocaloric and barocaloric cooling)

Cryogenic nitrogen in the food and beverage industry

The adoption of cryogenic processes in the food and beverage industry is predominantly driven by liquid nitrogen (LIN), and it is the preferred candidate for food chilling and...

• Last update : 2023/11/07
• Langues : French, English
• Themes : Freezing of foodstuffs

Ice cream manufacturing, environmental impact and market data

From a physico-chemical point of view, ice cream is a complex, frozen multiphase mixture. The manufacturing process includes several stages of freezing which are described in this...

• Last update : 2023/06/30
• Langues : French, English
• Themes : Ice creams

Thermophysical properties of HFC refrigerants

Thermophysical properties of over 100 HFC refrigerants, including single-component and blends.

• Last update : 2022/06/17
• Langues : English
• Themes : HFCs, HFO et HCFO, Blends

Thermophysical properties of HFO refrigerants

Thermophysical properties of over 50 HFO refrigerants, including single-component and blends.

• Last update : 2022/06/17
• Langues : English
• Themes : HFO et HCFO, Blends

Thermophysical properties of hydrocarbon refrigerants

Thermophysical properties of over 20 hydrocarbon refrigerants, including single-component and blends.

• Last update : 2022/06/17
• Langues : English
• Themes : Hydrocarbons, Blends

Environmental impact of the ice cream industry

This summary document describes the environmental impact of ice cream manufacturing, which is mainly due to the energy consumption and refrigerants used.

• Last update : 2022/11/17
• Langues : French, English
• Themes : General information on environment (climate change, ozone depletion…)

Cryogenics in the pharmaceutical industry: drug design and bioavailability improvement

Research activities in the pharmaceutical sector focus primarily on developing novel drug formulations which can elicit the desired response upon being administered to the patient...

• Last update : 2023/03/10
• Langues : French, English
• Themes : Freeze-drying in biology and medicine, Cryobiology, cryomedicine: general information