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IIR document
An improved approach to model compressors, condenser/gas cooler and their control system in refrigeration systems with R404A and R744 based on physical principles.
Avaliação experimental do desempenho de um sistema de refrigeração cascata R744/R134a.
Experimental evaluation of the performance of R744/R134a cascade refrigeration system.
Análisis y evaluación experimental de un sistema en cascada R744/R290 empleando tres configuraciones de intercambiador intermedio.
Analysis and experimental evaluation of an R744/R290 cascade system using three heat exchanger configurations.
Análisis experimental de un sistema de subenfriamento en un ciclo simple de compresión de vapor usando R744 transcrítico.
Experimental analysis of a sub-cooling system in a single vapour compression cycle using transcritical R744.
Adaptación de los ciclos de compresión de vapor con R744 para bombas de calor domésticas al clima español.
Adaptation of vapour compression cycles with R744 for domestic heat pumps in the Spanish climate.
Thermodynamic performance evaluation of a cascade refrigeration system with mixed refrigerants: R744/R1270, R744/R717 and R744/RE170.
Experimental comparison of a cascade refrigeration system operating with R744/R134a and R744/R404A.
Optimización energética de los refrigerantes R152a, R1234yf, R290, R1270, R600a y R744, como alternativa al R134a en un armario de refrigeración vertical.
Energy optimisation of R152a, R1234yf, R290, R1270, R600a and R744 refrigerants as alternatives to R134a in a vertical refrigeration cabinet.
R744 multi ejector development.
CFD case study of R744 ejectors.
Multi-ejector concept for R-744 supermarket refrigeration.
Recommended by the IIR / IIR document
R744 refrigeration solution for small supermarkets.
Experimental study of the heat transfer in R744/R600a mixtures below the R744 triple point temperature.
R744 train HVAC unit.
Comparative study of R744 ejector CFD models.
Refrigeration sector monitoring
93 results
Supermarkets: retrofit of refrigerating systems from R404A to R449A
Two examples of retrofitting supermarket refrigerating systems from R404A to R449A.
CO2, one of the options for reducing the carbon footprint of refrigerated transport
Comparison of CO2 emissions from refrigerated transport units using R744 and HFC-134a and overview of solutions that could reduce the carbon footprint of this sector.
Energy efficiency comparison of air-conditioning systems in electric vehicles
A study compares the energy efficiency of conventional refrigeration systems with that of heat pumps in mobile air conditioning. R744, R134a and R1234yf are considered. Reversible heat pumps are found the most energy-efficient systems.
A new non-flammable mixture to boost the performance of CO2 systems
In a recent IJR article, researchers propose combining R744 with Dimethyl-ether (DME) to boost system performance while ensuring safety and low environmental impact, in a recent IJR...
A reversible CO2 heat pump for electric buses
Valéo recently introduced a R744 heat pump to produce heating and air conditioning in electric buses.
Growing uptake of natural refrigerants in commercial refrigeration
A recent report estimates the number of commercial refrigeration systems using R744 (CO2) or hydrocarbons in Europe and worldwide.
Natural refrigerants drove the global commercial refrigeration market in 2023
According to JARN, natural refrigerants in commercial equipment are gaining popularity, namely driving the demand for equipment renewal in Europe.
Top beverage companies moving to phase out HFCs
An update on the efforts of Coca-Cola, Pepsico and Heineken to phase out HFCs from their commercial refrigeration equipment to reduce their carbon footprint.
IIR 2023 conference in Ohrid: focus on CO2 heat pumps
As demonstrated at the last IIR conference in Ohrid , heat pumps are a potential development area for the use of CO2, in particular for the thermal management of electric vehicles.
Low GWP blends for domestic air conditioning
A review article presents the latest research trends on low GWP refrigerants, mainly HFC/HFO blends, for domestic air conditioning.
Low GWP refrigerants for Olympic ice rinks in China
For the Olympic and Paralympic Winter Games in Beijing, nine ice rinks are used. five use CO2 as a refrigerant, and four use R449A.
Alternatives to replace R404A for refrigerated transport
With about 5 million refrigerated vehicles operating worldwide, there is active research and development focusing on identifying alternatives to R404A, which is traditionally used in truck and trailer...
IIR member news: Star Refrigeration chooses CO2 to cool down a beer warehouse
Star Refrigeration, collective member of the IIR, recently published a case study about a CO2 solution used to cool down a beer warehouse.
Heat pump systems for HVAC in electric vehicles
Heat pump systems offer an energy efficient option for HVAC in electric vehicles. Recent studies present innovative technologies to further improve the heating and cooling performance of heat pump systems as...
IJR highlights: review of low-GWP alternative refrigerants
In a recent review article based on over 60 published studies and published in the International Journal of Refrigeration, Chinese researchers have compared nearly 40 alternative low-GWP refrigerants in terms of...
IIR news
19 results
INDEE+ Project: Norwegian R744 condensing units arrived in India for educational purposes
Three R744 condensing units were sent to India by Prof. Armin Hafner (NTNU, Norway) to educate Indian institutions, end-users and vendors on clean cooling technologies, with the aim of helping India meet...
INDEE+: Focus on the two-day workshop “Hotel Decarbonisation using R744 Heat Pump/chiller” organised in April
A two-day workshop titled “Hotel Decarbonisation using R744 Heat Pump/chiller” was organised on 26-27 April 2024 at Antarim Resorts, Goa. The technical session was followed by a demonstration of the R744 HP/C...
Three educational and awareness-raising events within the framework of INDEE+ project in 2021
For the INDEE+ project, the end of the year 2021 was marked by several educational events aiming to raise awareness of the application of clean cooling systems offered by the CO2/R744 refrigeration...
Member news : Danfoss launches thermostatic expansion valve for CO2
Danfoss has recently launched a thermostatic expansion valve for CO2, based on its TE2 valve. It is suitable for small to medium size remote refrigeration systems such as cold rooms and display...
An article from the IJR on the state of the art of CO2
An article published by NTNU and SINTEF in the International Journal of Refrigeration summarises several researches on current and future "CO2 only" solutions for supermarket applications.
INDEE+ in ACREX
Last month, INDEE+ participated in the 23rd edition of ACREX India in Delhi, focused on the theme “Powering Global HVAC Supply Chain”.
Conference update: Sydney
The 9th IIR Gustav Lorentzen Conference on Natural Working Fluids will be held in Sydney, Australia on, April 12-14, 2010. The conference will place a heavy emphasis on natural refrigerant CO2 as a real alternative solution....
INDEE+ Seminar at REFCOLD 2022
The first INDEE+ seminar gathering all the project partners and key Indian stakeholders took place at REFCOLD 2022 in Ahmedabad (Gandhinagar, Gujarat, India).
March 2023: An active communication and awareness campaign for INDEE+
March 2023 was marked by a series of communication events for INDEE+, gathering all project partners and key Indian HVAC&R stakeholders in India.
15th IIR-Gustav Lorentzen Conference, June 13-15, 2022: the detailed programme is now available!
The detailed program of the 15th IIR Gustav Lorentzen Conference on Natural Refrigerants is now available online.
Member news: Automated order-pickup kiosks use containers from Carrier Transicold
Member news: grocery kiosks are being set up in Estonia. The CO2 refrigeration system is supplied by Carrier Transicold.
The Mostra Convegno exhibition
In March 2018 the IIR participated in one of the biggest exhibitions on refrigeration technologies, Mostra Convegno, which took place, as always, in Milan.
New IIR Informatory Note. Low-GWP Refrigerants: Status and Outlook
The latest IIR Informatory Note outlines the options available for low-GWP refrigerants and their respective performance. It provides a series of recommendations on refrigerant...
IIR partner in INDEE+
The IIR takes part of the project INDEE+ which aims to support the Indian refrigeration and Air Conditioning sector in the transition towards more sustainable and environmentally friendly...
Newsletter INDEE+ | September 2023
The latest news on the INDEE+ project.
Encyclopedia of Refrigeration
1 result
Global warming potential (GWP) of HFC refrigerants
Using the latest updated data from UNEP’s RTOC 2022 report, we have compiled the 100-year GWP and 20-year GWP values of hydrofluorocarbon-based (HFC) refrigerants. Our table includes...
