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Development of micro-channel evaporators for bus air conditioner.
[In Chinese. / En chinois.]
Optimization of the air-cooled supercapacitor module compartment for an electric bus.
IIR document
Experimental study on parallel flow evaporators used in roof top bus air conditionings.
Recommended by the IIR / IIR document
Experimental investigation on a transcritical CO2 air conditioning system for an electric bus
Determination of the ejector dimensions of a bus air-conditioning system using analytical and numerical methods.
R744 mass transit mobile AC and HP system in bus application.
Evaluation of R-744 and R-454C in bus air conditioning and heat pump applications.
Study on the influence of the superheat of the electronic expansion valve on the performance of the air conditioning system of the heat pump type pure electric bus under frosting condition.
Adsorption-based air-conditioning for battery-driven electric busses.
Simulation of a VRF system applied in electric buses in Taiwan.
Assessment of natural refrigerants for thermal management in battery-electric long-distance buses.
Development of data-driven performance benchmarking methodology for a large number of bus air conditioners.
Mobile air-conditioning. Fact Sheet 12.
Thermodynamic analysis of the two-phase ejector air-conditioning system for buses.
Natural refrigerant in public transport HVAC application.
Refrigeration sector monitoring
822 results
R1234yf tested for bus air conditioning
Tests co-funded by the Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation and run bus AC system company Hispacold suggest that HFO-1234yf is a near drop-in replacement refrigerant for HFC-134a in the tested Hispacold’s 12S roof top bus air-conditioning...
Abu Dhabi to get more air-conditioned bus shelters
Abu Dhabi’s Department of Transport (DoT) is to install additional air-conditioned bus shelters in Abu Dhabi, Al Ain and the western region.
2015 Indian bus air conditioning market
Indian bus air conditioning market has witnessed exponential growth, growing by nearly 3.5 times at a Compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of 35% for the period from 2011 to 2015.
A reversible CO2 heat pump for electric buses
Valéo recently introduced a R744 heat pump to produce heating and air conditioning in electric buses.
India: temperature abuse warning via SMS for vaccines
The device is meant to SMS authorities on faulty vaccine carriers.
Briefs: Hydrogen buses
Canada is rolling out a 1-year pilot hydrogen project across the country. Two hydrogen-fuelled buses are to come into service in Charlottetown. Each bus will run on a H2 combustion engine and will carry 12 passengers. The federal government is...
CO2 applications: Buses
Berliner Verkehrsbetriebe (BVG) has installed CO2 air-conditioning systems in seven of its city buses operating on different routes in Berlin and covering 200 to 400 km per day. Germany's Federal Environment Agency has urged all public transport...
CO2 air-conditioning systems in German buses
During the 12th Karlsruher Fahrzeugklima Symposium in September 2011, new approaches in mobile air-conditioning systems in buses were presented and an overview of a number of CO2 MAC buses in Germany was given.
Out of the ordinary: Microcebus danfossi
Danfoss has given its name to a lemur species recently discovered in Madagascar by researchers from the veterinary college Tierärztliche Hochschule (TiHo), in Hanover, Germany. The tiny (30-60 g) lemur is named Microcebus danfossi after Danfoss -...
Shipping fresh produce overseas is a key business for airlines operating out of Los Angeles
For companies shipping fruit and vegetables by air from the West Coast of the USA to high-end supermarkets and restaurants in Europe, Asia and the Middle East, the overarching rule is: Never break the cold chain.
Fuel cells to cool trucks
Replacing the traditional diesel-powered cooling unit, users could save approximately 10 gallons a day per unit and significantly reduce noise and pollutants emissions as fuel cells only reject heat and water.
Innovative trigeneration system for off-grid homes and businesses
An innovative 'trigeneration' system fuelled entirely by raw plant oils could have great potential for isolated homes and businesses operating outside grid systems.
LNG is expected to meet 24% of global bunker fuel supply by 2025
In a Lloyd’s Register report released in April 2014, it has been suggested that LNG will account for 13% of the global bunker fuel market by 2020, increasing to 24% in 2025.
Strengthening TM44 compliance: UK businesses face heavier fines for air conditioning inspection failures
UK businesses are now facing significantly higher fines for failing to comply with the TM44 Air Conditioning Inspection regulations, with potential penalties amounting to a collective cost of hundreds of...
IIR news
258 results
Commission D1 business meeting
Giovanni Cortella, President of IIR Commission D1 "Refrigerated Storage" invites all Commission D1 members to participate in the business meeting which will be held on March 30, 2010 (18:30 - 19:15) at Selwyn College, Cambridge, UK,during the 1st...
Minutes of IIR Commission B1 Business Meeting in Boulder
A Commission B1 business meeting took place in Boulder, Colorado, USA (June 24, 2009). It was chaired by Commission B1 President Dr Piotr Domanski. The minutes of the meeting are available
Minutes of IIR Commissions B1/B2 Business Meeting in Sydney
Piotr Domanski and Ben Adamson co-chaired a joint Commission business meeting (B1 & B2) in Sydney during the 9th IIR Gustav Lorentzen Conference in April 2010. Following discussion during the meeting, a survey was sent to B1 commission members...
Klaus Timmerhaus has died
The IIR is saddened by the death of Dr Klaus Timmerhaus, a distinguished IIR officer. Klaus Timmerhaus was former President of the IIR's General Conference and Head of Section A, Cryology and gas processing. The IIR extends its sincere sympathy to...
Australia: enhanced links
The IIR has signed a partnership agreement with AIRAH (Australian Institute of Refrigeration, Air conditioning & Heating): www.airah.org.au The aim is to "enhance the technical standing of...
Conference report: Australia
Postharvest Unlimited Downunder 2004, an IIR-co-sponsored conference, was held in Sydney, Australia, on November 9-12, 2004, with as theme "Postharvest technologies for the delivery of high quality horticultural products - implementation based on...
Briefs: News from Australia
- The IIR Australian National Committee, chaired by Stephen White, regularly reports on its activities, in EcoLibrium and on a dedicated page of the AIRAH Web site:
Double Award for Coldway Technologies, part of SOFRIGAM Group
Sofrigam won two awards at Business France's pitch competition for its energy storage device "THERMOSTORE", utilizing ammonia. Let's take a closer look at this technology.
Activities of the IIR’s Commission B1 on Thermodynamics & transfer processes
The IIR’s Commission B1 has been extremely active in the areas of working parties (WP), sub-commissions, IIR conferences, IIR-co-sponsored conferences and commission business meetings.
EU project ENOUGH offers PhD scholarship at CNR-ITC in Padova (Italy)
A PhD scholarship will be offered as part of the Horizon 2020 project ENOUGH. The European project will aim to provide technologies, tools and methods to contribute to the EU Farm to Fork strategy to achieve...
IIR member news: Star Refrigeration
Star Refrigeration soon to hit US food firms with eco-friendly low-ammonia chillers and freezers
BETTED: a new IIR EU funded project
This project aims to promote the energy transition of the dairy value chain. The kick-off meeting is scheduled for March 11-12 in Brussels (Belgium).
ENOUGH – a new project that will identify how food industry can become net zero by 2050
The project will develop technologies, tools and methods to contribute to the EU’s farm to fork Strategy to achieve climate neutrality in the food industry.
Meeting: EPEE
A meeting was held on January 19, 2005, between EPEE (European Partnership for Energy and the Environment) represented by Friedrich Busch, Director General, and the IIR represented by D. Coulomb and J.L. Dupont. During this meeting, information...
Conference: Auckland
The IIR Conference Innovative Equipment and Systems for Comfort and Food Preservation took place in Auckland, New Zealand, on February 16-19, 2006. It was co-organized with IRHACE (Institute of Refrigeration, Heating and Air-Conditioning...
Encyclopedia of Refrigeration
15 results
Cryogenics in the pharmaceutical industry: drug design and bioavailability improvement
Research activities in the pharmaceutical sector focus primarily on developing novel drug formulations which can elicit the desired response upon being administered to the patient...
Environmental impact of the ice cream industry
This summary document describes the environmental impact of ice cream manufacturing, which is mainly due to the energy consumption and refrigerants used.
Cryogenic nitrogen in the food and beverage industry
The adoption of cryogenic processes in the food and beverage industry is predominantly driven by liquid nitrogen (LIN), and it is the preferred candidate for food chilling and...
Kigali Amendment status per country
List of the 163 countries that have accepted, approved or ratified the Kigali Amendment as of November 15, 2024.
Hydrocarbon refrigerants
Hydrocarbons such as R290 (propane), R600a (isobutane) or R1270 (propene/propylene) are low GWP non-toxic natural refrigerants with excellent thermodynamic properties. They offer an...
Thermophysical properties of hydrocarbon refrigerants
Thermophysical properties of over 20 hydrocarbon refrigerants, including single-component and blends.
Global warming potential (GWP) of HFC refrigerants
Using the latest updated data from UNEP’s RTOC 2022 report, we have compiled the 100-year GWP and 20-year GWP values of hydrofluorocarbon-based (HFC) refrigerants. Our table includes...
Liquefied Natural Gas: production process and cold energy recovery
Liquefied natural gas (LNG) is natural gas that has been cooled to about -160 °C and turned into a liquid to facilitate transportation and storage. A typical LNG supply chain...
Nanorefrigerants
Nanorefrigerants are created by adding nanoparticles in suspension to a base refrigerant. They have a thermal conductivity that is 15% to 104% higher than that of the corresponding...
Additive manufacturing of regenerators for caloric cooling
In many areas of engineering, additive manufacturing allows the production of complex and multifunctional products that could not be manufactured using traditional methods. In the...
Global HFC emissions from the refrigeration sector
This table shows HFC emissions from the refrigeration sector – including air conditioning – in million tonnes of CO2 equivalent for about 40 countries that are signatories...
Cold storage conditions for fruits and vegetables
Practical recommendations for the cold storage of over 200 cultivars of fruits, vegetables and herbs (storage temperatures, relative humidity, storage time, controlled atmosphere...
For IIR members only
Global cold storage capacity
This table presents the cold storage capacity in about 50 countries, based on data from the Global Cold Chain Alliance (GCCA).
Ice cream manufacturing, environmental impact and market data
From a physico-chemical point of view, ice cream is a complex, frozen multiphase mixture. The manufacturing process includes several stages of freezing which are described in this...
Additive manufacturing of heat exchangers
In the refrigeration industry, additive manufacturing (colloquially referred to as “3D printing”) makes it possible to fabricate novel, complex and potentially more energy efficient...
Events
7 results
Other event
21st International Conference & Exhibition on Liquefied Natural Gas (LNG2026)
February 02, 2026 - February 05, 2026
Doha, Qatar
Submit your abstract by 29 May...
Find out more
IIR event
17th IIR-Gustav Lorentzen Conference on Natural Refrigerants (GL 2026)
August 23, 2026 - August 26, 2026
Hamilton, New Zealand
Submit your abstract! With the increasing need for global warming countermeasures, natural working fluids have become a clear vector to reducing the CO2 footprint of...
7th IIR Conference on Thermophysical Properties and Transfer Processes of Refrigerants
June 15, 2025 - June 18, 2025
College Park, United States
Deadline for registration: June 6! The 7th conference in this series will cover a wide scope of research on thermophysical properties...
15th IEA Heat Pump Conference
May 26, 2026 - May 29, 2026
Vienna, Austria
Join the 15th IEA Heat Pump Conference, which will take place in Vienna, Austria,from May 26-29, 2026! The 15th IEA Heat Pump Conference, co-sponsored by IIR,...
21st European Conference
June 12, 2025 - June 13, 2025
Milan, Italy
Organised under the auspices of the Italian Ministry for the Environment, the 21st European Conference on will take place on June 12-13, 2025 in Politecnico di Milano (Italy), and will bring together global...
IIR World Refrigeration Day 2025 Event
June 18, 2025
Paris, France
Introduction The 2025 IIR World Refrigeration Day event brings together key decision-makers from governments, industry, academia and partner international organisations to foster dialogue and...
1st IIR International Conference on Refrigeration Adapting to Rising Temperatures
August 10, 2025 - August 13, 2025
Manchester, United Kingdom
Early bird registration until 20 May 2025! The International Institute of Refrigeration is proud to announce...
