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IIR document
Scientific test setup for investigation of shape memory alloy based elastocaloric cooling processes.
A new alloy for high performance valve steel for high efficiency compressors.
Theoretical prediction of the giant magnetocaloric effect in Ni40Co10Mn40Sn7Al3 Heusler alloy.
Continuously operating elastocaloric cooling device based on shape memory alloys: modeling.
The effect of thermal cycling on magnetocaloric properties of Fe48Rh52 alloy.
Theoretical description of the magnetocaloric effect in Mn-Fe-P-Si alloys.
Continuously operating elastocaloric cooling device based on shape memory alloys: development and realization.
Effect of cold coating on emissivity and absorptivity of Ti-6Al-4V alloy.
Optimization of active magnetic regenerators with two and three layers of Gd-alloys.
Magnetic properties of FeNi alloys for high-temperature thermomagnetic power generation.
Magnetocaloric properties of the stacked Ni50Mn18.75-xCu6.25+xGa25 (x = 0÷1) polycrystalline alloys.
Peculiarities of the magnetocaloric effect in the vicinity of the ferromagnetic-antiferromagnetic transition in an iron-rhodium alloy.
Influence of binder and curing process on the magnetocaloric properties of bonded LaFeSiH alloys.
Machine learning and high-throughput screening algorithms for optimization of magnetocaloric effect in all-d-metal Heusler alloys.
Powder, process parameters and heat treatment conditions for Laser Beam Melting of LaFeSi-based alloys.
Refrigeration sector monitoring
48 results
An alternative metal alloy for magnetic refrigeration?
A new metal alloy which does not use rare-earth elements could lead to commercially viable magnetic refrigeration systems.
Shape memory alloys: cooling with metal muscles
Researchers from the University of Saarland (Germany) are constructing an optimized prototype for an air-cooling system in which heat and cold are transferred using “muscles” made from a nickel-titanium alloy thanks to the elastocaloric effect.
France allows Daimler to continue to use R134a in its MAC systems.
The French Supreme Court has upheld last August’s decision to overturn the MAC (Mobile air conditioning) directive and allows Daimler to continue to use R134a in its car air conditioning systems.
Cryogenics and 3D-printing techniques could allow the replication of human tissues
A team of researchers from Imperial College London have developed a new technique which could allow the replication of human brain and lung tissue and regenerate damaged parts.
21 countries have ratified the Kigali Amendment, allowing the treaty to enter into force on January 2019
On November 17, 2017, Sweden and Trinidad and Tobago became the 20th and 21st countries to ratify the Kigali Amendment, ensuring that the global HFC phase down will come into force on 1 January 2019.
Refrigerants Naturally
During the conference Refrigerants Naturally held by UNEP and Greenpeace on June 22, 2004 in Brussels, Belgium, three companies reported on their global environmental actions and presented their objectives in this field: - Coca-Cola (Jeff...
HFO1234ze prototypes finally released
The prototype is said to be suitable for outdoor air-cooled chiller applications
Briefs: Environmentally friendly arena
The Marcel Dutil Arena in Saint-Gédéon-de-Beauce, Quebec, is now environmentally friendly and economic thanks to CO2 technology. The control technology can be modulated remotely. The electricity consumption has dropped 20-25% since the system was...
Briefs: HFC-free refrigeration, naturally
Three more companies have joined Refrigerants, Naturally!, a unique public-private partnership that promotes HFC-free refrigeration technologies that protect the Earth's climate and ozone layer for "point-of-sale" applications. The founding...
Manual fridge recycling is less environmentally friendly
Recent research, performed by Öko-Institut shows that manual stripping of fridges releases up to 100 times more emissions than when encapsulated shredders are used. The key element here is the treatment of the insulation foam containing residual...
Cryogenic mobile refrigeration system for environmentally friendly delivery
A system developed by Linde Group’s BOC uses the the cryogenic effect of liquid nitrogen at -196°C to achieve rapid and evenly distributed temperature drops.
Gallo-Roman craft restored thanks to freeze drying.
A 32-m barge weighing 30 tonnes that sank in the Rhone around 50 AD 30 tonnes is being restored thanks to the use of polyethylene glycol, followed by freeze drying
World demand for fluorocarbons to rise annually by 3.4% through 2016
According to a recent market report on fluorochemicals by Freedonia, global demand for fluorine containing chemicals is forecast to rise 3.9% per year to 3.5 million tonnes in 2016, valued at USD 19.7 million.
The cooling industry awards 2004: celebrating excellence in environmentally friendlier cooling
The very first Cooling Industry Awards was organized by Refrigeration and Air Conditioning (RAC) magazine on September 15, 2004. It proved to be a success as nearly 400 RAC professionals from across the industry and major end-users were present....
Two-stage indirect glycol and CO2 commercial system drastically cuts refrigerant use
An award-winning store, that reduces refrigerant use by 98%, and eliminates HFCs, was recently opened in Folsom, CA, USA.
IIR news
14 results
Statement by Yosr Allouche, new Director General of the IIR
The International Institute of Refrigeration (IIR) is pleased to announce the official nomination of Yosr Allouche as its new Director General. In this statement, she outlines her vision and aspirations for the...
A New Era: Dr Yosr Allouche to become the first woman to head the International Institute of Refrigeration
A new chapter has begun for the International Institute of Refrigeration (IIR) with the triumphant election of Dr Yosr Allouche (39) as the first woman to hold the prestigious position of Director...
New publications: The CD-ROM proceedings of the 1st IIR International Conference on Magnetic Refrigeration at Room Temperature
The CD-ROM proceedings of the 1st IIR International Conference on Magnetic Refrigeration at Room Temperature held in Montreux, Switzerland, are now available. They comprise 4 keynote presentations, 20 papers on materials (gadolinium and its...
IIR conference on caloric cooling Thermag VIII: highlights
Thermag VIII was an opportunity to present new developments regarding magnetocaloric, electrocaloric and elastocaloric cooling.
ENOUGH – a new project that will identify how food industry can become net zero by 2050
The project will develop technologies, tools and methods to contribute to the EU’s farm to fork Strategy to achieve climate neutrality in the food industry.
IIR's 2024 activity report is now available
We are pleased to announce that the International Institute of Refrigeration's activity report for 2024 is now available. The report offers a comprehensive overview of our activities and achievements over the...
Past events: The IIR around the world, April 2023
This month, the IIR conference on HFOs welcomed 200 delegates, and one of Asia's largest exhibitions in HVACR, China Refrigeration, set a new record with 60,000 visitors and 1,100 exhibitors.
IIR joins key stakeholder talks on AHEAD program in Delhi
Yosr Allouche, Director General of the IIR, had the distinct honour of participating in the National Stakeholder Consultation for the “Alleviating Heat Stress by Enhancing Production of Affordable Cooling...
New IIR Working Group on Careers in Refrigeration “CaRe”
The IIR is delighted to announce the new IIR Working Group on Careers in Refrigeration “CaRe”, chaired by Dr Catarina Marques.
IIR Highlights from the OEWG-47 Side Event: Empowering Women in the Cooling Sector
The International Institute of Refrigeration participated in a side event organised by GIZ Proklima, focused on advancing gender equality in the refrigeration, air conditioning and heat pumps (RACHP)...
OEWG-47 Side Event Highlights on International Training and Certification Standards for RACHP
The Centro Studi Galileo (CSG) and the European association of refrigeration, air conditioning with support from the International Institute of Refrigeration (IIR) and Institute For Governance & Sustainable...
Adapting Refrigeration to a Warming World: Highlights from IIR Adaptation 2025 Conference in Manchester
The first edition of the IIR International Conference on Adapting Refrigeration to Rising Temperatures has just wrapped up in Manchester, UK. Over 120 participants from academia, policy, and industry gathered to...
IIR at COP29 in Baku: Week 1 in review
The first week of COP29 in Baku, Azerbaijan, brought together global leaders, scientists, and industry stakeholders to tackle pressing climate issues. Among the key participants, the...
IIR wins ECREEE Award for solar cooling and heating efforts in Africa with SophiA
The ECOWAS Sustainable Energy Forum took place in Abidjan, Côte d’Ivoire on November 28-29. The IIR organised a SophiA workshop and was honoured with an ECREEE Award for its outstanding contribution to...
Encyclopedia of Refrigeration
7 results
Additive manufacturing of regenerators for caloric cooling
In many areas of engineering, additive manufacturing allows the production of complex and multifunctional products that could not be manufactured using traditional methods. In the...
Additive manufacturing of heat exchangers
In the refrigeration industry, additive manufacturing (colloquially referred to as “3D printing”) makes it possible to fabricate novel, complex and potentially more energy efficient...
Hydrocarbon refrigerants
Hydrocarbons such as R290 (propane), R600a (isobutane) or R1270 (propene/propylene) are low GWP non-toxic natural refrigerants with excellent thermodynamic properties. They offer an...
Ice cream manufacturing, environmental impact and market data
From a physico-chemical point of view, ice cream is a complex, frozen multiphase mixture. The manufacturing process includes several stages of freezing which are described in this...
Cryogenic nitrogen in the food and beverage industry
The adoption of cryogenic processes in the food and beverage industry is predominantly driven by liquid nitrogen (LIN), and it is the preferred candidate for food chilling and...
Liquefied Natural Gas: production process and cold energy recovery
Liquefied natural gas (LNG) is natural gas that has been cooled to about -160 °C and turned into a liquid to facilitate transportation and storage. A typical LNG supply chain...
Cryogenics in the pharmaceutical industry: drug design and bioavailability improvement
Research activities in the pharmaceutical sector focus primarily on developing novel drug formulations which can elicit the desired response upon being administered to the patient...
