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IIR document
Challenges of high field large bore superconducting “outserts” for research magnets.
Optimization of the pre-outlet and main-outlet bores in scroll compressors.
The size effect on the magnetic levitation force of MgB2 bulk superconductors.
Experimental analysis of HFC-134a expansion through small-bore adiabatic capillary tubes.
Correlation between grain connectivity, packing density, and critical current density in MgB2 synthesized by in situ/ex situ combination technique.
Integrated design of a magnetic circuit and an active magnetic regenerator for a 100-W compact device.
Design and optimization of a HTS insert for solenoid magnets.
Geothermal heat exchange in boreholes with independent sources.
Geometric optimization of scroll compressors.
Optimal spool compressor aspect ratio for R134a and R1234z(E).
Pseudo-optimum geometries for 1-100 ton spool compressors with low-GWP refrigerants.
Experimental researches on the performance of a rotary-type magnetic refrigerator with double-Halbach permanent magnet arrays.
Thermal performance of ground source heat pumps that use direct expansion system.
Development of cryogenic cooling system for the superconducting dipole magnet of the CBM detector.
Scope and implementation of ground source heat extraction technology in India for multiple energy saving applications.
Refrigeration sector monitoring
244 results
Assisting developing countries in setting national plans for sustainable cooling
With over a billion people at risk due to a lack of access to cooling, a UNEP-led working group has published a methodology to help countries develop National Cooling Action Plans (NCAPs).
Uganda is drawing up draft energy and safety standards for household refrigeration
The Uganda National Bureau of Standards (UNBS) contributed to the East African Standard for household refrigerating appliances as well as to a consultative stakeholder’s workshop to discuss new quality and...
Singapore launches national plan to combat heatwaves with dedicated government task force
A network of air-conditioned spaces will be made available at community centres, residents’ committees, and selected indoor sports halls during heatwaves, as part of the country’s new national heatwave response...
The high potential of ground-source heat pumps to decarbonise the European building sector
A potential reduction of 20-40% and 30-50% of energy demand in buildings, for heating and cooling respectively, could be achieved through increased use of geothermal heat pumps.
Brief: cooling newborns
A recent study demonstrated that cooling newborns having suffered from oxygen deprivation helps prevent brain damage. Medically induced hypothermia reduced the risk of death by 13% and the risk of cerebral palsy by 11%.
Airborne cool chain
Have you ever wondered how many tonnes of perishable foods take to the air each year? Recent data show that of the 19-25 million tonnes of air freight transported annually, perishables, including fruit, vegetables, fish, meat, cut flowers and...
Briefs: AHRI is born
The Air-Conditioning and Refrigeration Institute (ARI) and the Gas Appliance Manufacturers Association (GAMA) have merged as of January 1, 2008. The merged association has become the Air-Conditioning, Heating and Refrigeration Institute (AHRI)....
Briefs: Largest climatic laboratory
The McKinley Climatic Laboratory, located in the US Air Force Eglin Base in Florida, USA, which began testing in 1947, is the largest climate testing facility in the world. The temperature inside the 77 x 61 x 21 m hangar, with a 4700 m² base...
US: top 10 foodborne bugs
Campylobacter, salmonella and Listeria are among a handful of foodborne bugs that cost the US billions of dollars a year and affect the quality of life for millions of victims according to new research. A study performed by the University of...
European Commission questions Honeywell/DuPont R1234yf collaboration
On October 21, 2014, the European Commission has sent a Statement of Objections to Honeywell and DuPont regarding cooperation on new refrigerant used in car air-conditioning systems.
The incidence of foodborne infections in France
A report, dated May 10, 2004, from the French Health Monitoring Agency (InVS) evaluated, from the analysis of available data, the incidence of foodborne infections in France. Over 200 diseases of bacterial, viral and parasitic or toxic origin are...
Liquid crystal technology speeds up foodborne pathogen detection
Crystal Diagnostics has pioneered liquid-crystal technology that enables smart fast detection of bacteria and other dangerous pathogens such as E. coli in foodstuffs.
European food freezing industry launches a collaborative action to shape the future of the sector
The Kick-off Meeting of the EHEDG Subgroup of Food Refrigeration Equipment will take place on 6 December 2013 at Amsterdam Schiphol Airport, the Netherlands, where professionals are kindly invited.
First zero carbon building in Hong Kong
In order to set an example, Hong-Kong’s Construction Industry Council commissioned its first Zero Carbon Building (ZCB). A ZCB goes beyond the common definition of zero energy buildings (ZEB) producing on-site renewable energy and exporting part...
Abolition of the carbon tax in Australia.
The Australian Government has abolished carbon tax, with effect from July 1, 2014.
IIR news
116 results
UN Environment OzonAction and the IIR collaborate on the cold chain
On January 16, 2018, the IIR organised a side event dedicated to the cold chain at the First Inter-Regional Thematic Technical Workshops and Regional Network Meetings for National Ozone Officers, during which IIR experts presented five Cold Chain...
UNIDO and IIR launch a call for partners to develop cost guidelines for improving energy efficiency in retail refrigeration
As part of the Kigali Cooling Efficiency Programme funded project, UNIDO and the IIR are developing cost guidelines for incremental capital and operating costs in order to improve energy efficiency in retail refrigeration in Article 5 countries of...
Obituary: Anders Lindborg
Anders Lindborg, honorary member of the IIR and President of IIR Commission D1 from 1993 until 1996, died on September 25, 2012.
Consult our two professional refrigeration directories: Expertise and Laboratories
Thanks to its international network, the IIR has developed two professional directories covering all fields of refrigeration; the IIR Expertise Directory and the Laboratory Directory.
International collaboration: The key to a prosperous future in refrigeration
The IIR puts its international network into action for the benefit of all.
JSRAE visit to Paris: A new chapter in refrigeration collaboration
From 20 to 27 June 2024, the Japanese Society of Refrigeration and Air Conditioning Engineers (JSRAE) visited Paris to meet with the French Association of Refrigeration (AFF). A delegation from JSRAE included representatives from Tokyo...
World Cold Chain Symposium 2025 highlights institutional collaboration and investment innovation
Nairobi, Kenya - 1 November 2025. The World Cold Chain Symposium (WCCS) convened global experts, industry leaders, and policymakers at the UNEP Headquarters in Nairobi, ahead of the 37th Meeting of the Parties...
IIR at Chillventa 2024: a crossroads of innovation and collaboration for sustainable refrigeration
The IIR exhibited at Chillventa 2024 from 8 to 10 October, sharing a stand with its German partner DKV. With 1,010 international exhibitors from 49 countries and almost 33,000 visitors, this event reaffirmed its...
World Refrigeration Day 2025: IIR reaffirms the importance of collaboration for advancing refrigeration science, policy and industry at a landmark event
Explore the diverse materials below to learn how this successful event underscored the essential role of collaboration between science, industry, and policy in ensuring access to sustainable refrigeration for...
Proposal for technical and financial collaboration: Census of cold production equipment in the industrial and tertiary sectors in France (in French)
As part of its activities in industrial and commercial refrigeration, the EDF R&D TREE department is planning to carry out a study on the French stock of installed refrigeration equipment.
European Food Survey to decarbonise industrial operations
The ENOUGH project invites European food operators to complete a short survey on the advancements and potential for achieving the net-zero emissions target.
The OEWG 38: dedicated to the phase down of hydrofluorocarbons
The IIR reports back from the 38th Open-Ended Working Group meeting in Vienna
New IIR Informatory Note on the carbon footprint of the cold chain
The IIR has just issued a new Informatory Note on the carbon footprint of the cold chain. It highlights the food safety and environmental benefits of an improved global cold chain.
IIR Webinar – Domestic hydrocarbon heat pumps, key to a decarbonised future
As the world accelerates towards decarbonisation, heat pumps are emerging as a global solution for cleaner, more efficient residential cooling and heating.
Encyclopedia of Refrigeration
11 results
Nanorefrigerants
Nanorefrigerants are created by adding nanoparticles in suspension to a base refrigerant. They have a thermal conductivity that is 15% to 104% higher than that of the corresponding...
Hydrocarbon refrigerants
Hydrocarbons such as R290 (propane), R600a (isobutane) or R1270 (propene/propylene) are low GWP non-toxic natural refrigerants with excellent thermodynamic properties. They offer an...
Thermophysical properties of hydrocarbon refrigerants
Thermophysical properties of over 20 hydrocarbon refrigerants, including single-component and blends.
Additive manufacturing of heat exchangers
In the refrigeration industry, additive manufacturing (colloquially referred to as “3D printing”) makes it possible to fabricate novel, complex and potentially more energy efficient...
Additive manufacturing of regenerators for caloric cooling
In many areas of engineering, additive manufacturing allows the production of complex and multifunctional products that could not be manufactured using traditional methods. In the...
Cryogenics in the pharmaceutical industry: drug design and bioavailability improvement
Research activities in the pharmaceutical sector focus primarily on developing novel drug formulations which can elicit the desired response upon being administered to the patient...
Ice cream manufacturing, environmental impact and market data
From a physico-chemical point of view, ice cream is a complex, frozen multiphase mixture. The manufacturing process includes several stages of freezing which are described in this...
Liquefied Natural Gas: production process and cold energy recovery
Liquefied natural gas (LNG) is natural gas that has been cooled to about -160 °C and turned into a liquid to facilitate transportation and storage. A typical LNG supply chain...
Global warming potential (GWP) of HFC refrigerants
Using the latest updated data from UNEP’s RTOC 2022 report, we have compiled the 100-year GWP and 20-year GWP values of hydrofluorocarbon-based (HFC) refrigerants. Our table includes...
Environmental impact of the ice cream industry
This summary document describes the environmental impact of ice cream manufacturing, which is mainly due to the energy consumption and refrigerants used.
Cryogenic nitrogen in the food and beverage industry
The adoption of cryogenic processes in the food and beverage industry is predominantly driven by liquid nitrogen (LIN), and it is the preferred candidate for food chilling and...
Events
3 results
IIR event
17th IIR-Gustav Lorentzen Conference on Natural Refrigerants (GL 2026)
August 23, 2026 - August 26, 2026
Hamilton, New Zealand
Submit your abstract! With the increasing need for global warming countermeasures, natural working fluids have become a clear vector to reducing the CO2 footprint of...
Find out more
Other event
15th IEA Heat Pump Conference
May 26, 2026 - May 29, 2026
Vienna, Austria
Join the 15th IEA Heat Pump Conference, which will take place in Vienna, Austria,from May 26-29, 2026! The 15th IEA Heat Pump Conference, co-sponsored by IIR,...
21st International Conference & Exhibition on Liquefied Natural Gas (LNG2026)
February 02, 2026 - February 05, 2026
Doha, Qatar
Register...
