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Ice, Cream... and Chemistry

• Author(s) : ROHRIG B.
• Publication date: 2014/02
• Languages : English
• Source: ChemMatters
• Formats : PDF

IIR document

Hitting the bounds of chemistry: limits and tradeoffs for low-GWP refrigerants.

• Author(s) : MCLINDEN M. O., BROWN J. S., KAZAKOV A. F., et al.
• Publication date: 2015/08/16
• Languages : English
• Source: Proceedings of the 24th IIR International Congress of Refrigeration: Yokohama, Japan, August 16-22, 2015.
• Formats : PDF

IIR document

The role of the lubricant chemistry in a R-744 refrigeration plant oil - return and lubricity. comparison between two chemistries using data from a real plant.

• Author(s) : MUÑOZ ALONSO M., DIXON L., SEETON C. J., et al.
• Publication date: 2017/05/11
• Languages : English
• Source: 7^th Conference on Ammonia and CO₂ Refrigeration Technology. Proceedings: Ohrid, North Macedonia, May 11-13, 2017.
• Formats : PDF

Recommended by the IIR

20/20 Vision – Interaction of lubricants and next generation refrigerants

• Author(s) : KARNAZ J.
• Publication date: 2021/05
• Languages : English
• Source: 2021 Purdue Conferences. 18^th International Refrigeration and Air-Conditioning Conference at Purdue.
• Formats : PDF

Synthesis of Magnetic Ternary Chalcogenides and Their Magneto-Structural Properties.

• Author(s) : COMPTON R. J.
• Publication date: 2022/08
• Languages : English
• Formats : PDF

IIR document

The chemical looping heat pump: Thermodynamic modeling.

• Author(s) : JAMES N. A., BRAUN J. E., GROLL E. A.
• Publication date: 2019/02
• Languages : English
• Source: International Journal of Refrigeration - Revue Internationale du Froid - vol. 98
• Formats : PDF

Application of cryogenic ultraviolet and infrared spectroscopy for determination of secondary structure of gas phase peptide ions. 

• Author(s) : LAWLER J. T.
• Publication date: 2021/08
• Languages : English
• Formats : PDF

Recommended by the IIR / IIR document

Operational principles and effect of operating parameters on performance of metal hydride heat pumps.

• Author(s) : SHAFIEE S.
• Publication date: 2020/12
• Languages : English
• Source: International Journal of Refrigeration - Revue Internationale du Froid - vol. 120
• Formats : PDF

Advances in cryochemistry: mechanisms, reactions and applications.

• Author(s) : AN L.-Y., DAI Z., DI B., XU L.-L.
• Publication date: 2022/02
• Languages : English
• Source: Molecules - vol. 26 - n. 3
• Formats : PDF

IIR document

Atmospheric chemistry and environmental impact of CF3CF=CH2 (HFO-1234yf), E-CF3CH=CHF (1234ze(E)), CF3CF=CF2, (FO-1216), Z-CF3CH=CHCI (HCFO-1233zd(Z)), and E-CF3-CH=CHCI (HCFO-1233zd(E)).

• Author(s) : WALLINGTON T. J., SINGH R. R.
• Publication date: 2018/09
• Languages : English
• Source: 1^st IIR international conference on the application of HFO refrigerants, Birmingham, September 2-5 2018.
• Formats : PDF

IIR document

Atmospheric chemistry and environmental impact of CF3CF=CH2 (HFO-1234yf), E-CF3CH=CHF (1234ze(E)), CF3CF=CF2, (FO-1216), Z-CF3CH=CHCI (HCFO-1233zd(Z)), and E-CF3-CH=CHCI (HCFO-1233zd(E)).

• Author(s) : WALLINGTON T. J., SINGH R. R.
• Publication date: 2018/09
• Languages : English
• Source: 1^st IIR international conference on the application of HFO refrigerants, Birmingham, September 2-5 2018.
• Formats : PDF

Evaluation of lubricant chemistries for CO2 compressors.

• Author(s) : LI H., LILJE K. C., MALONE G. R.
• Publication date: 2000/12/07
• Languages : English
• Source: The International Symposium on HCFC Alternative Refrigerants and Environmental Technology 2000: Latest technology for Energy Conservation, Refrigerants and Recycling on Air-Conditioning and Refrigeration Equipment for the 21st century. Proceedings.

IIR document

THE CHEMISTRY OF STRATOSPHERIC OZONE: ITS RESPONSE TO NATURAL AND ANTHROPOGENIC INFLUENCES.

• Author(s) : KURYLO M. J.
• Publication date: 1990
• Languages : English
• Source: International Journal of Refrigeration - Revue Internationale du Froid - vol. 13 - n. 2
• Formats : PDF

Ventilation and air-conditioning system design of a chemical laboratory.

[In Chinese. / En chinois.]

• Author(s) : LAI W. B.
• Publication date: 2007/06
• Languages : Chinese
• Source: Refrigeration - vol. 26 - n. 2

IIR document

Reliability of ammonia absorption refrigeration plants in the chemical and food industry.

• Author(s) : LANGRECK J., BASSOLS J., KUCKELKORN B., et al.
• Publication date: 2005/08/30
• Languages : English
• Source: Commercial Refrigeration. Thermophysical Properties and Transfer Processes of Refrigerants. Proceedings of the IIR International Conferences.
• Formats : PDF

Cryochemistry: chemical reactions accelerated by freezing

Surprisingly, some chemical reactions can be accelerated by freezing. The possible applications of studying such cryoreactions include the food and pharmaceutical cold chain, as well...

• Publication date : 2022/02/28
• Subjects: Technology, Environment

Cryo-electron microscopy wins the 2017 chemistry Nobel Prize

On October 2017, Jacques Dubochet (Switzerland), Joachim Frank (USA) and Richard Henderson (UK) were awarded the chemistry Nobel Prize for cryo-electron microscopy (Cryo-EM).

• Publication date : 2017/12/18

Scalp cooling device: prevent hair loss caused by chemotherapy.

Scalp cooling device may help reduce hair loss for women with breast cancer receiving chemotherapy.

• Publication date : 2017/02/21

Chile’s first CO2 system for retail application

In Chile, the first transcritical CO2 refrigeration system has been installed in a supermarket in Valdivia.

• Publication date : 2017/07/19

Assessing the market potential of industrial heat pumps in Europe

To address the lack of product development of high temperature heat pumps, a recent article provides manufacturers with an estimate of the industrial heat pump market potential in...

• Publication date : 2021/11/30
• Subjects: Figures, economy, Technology

Visualization of artificial proteins with cryo-electron microscopy

A team of researchers managed to visualize the atomic structure of peptoids.

• Publication date : 2019/12/30

Magnetic refrigeration, a promising technology for the liquefaction of hydrogen

A keynote at the recent IIR Congress highlights magnetic refrigeration as a technology with high potential for the liquefaction of hydrogen, an essential energy vector for decarbonisation. 

• Publication date : 2023/11/28

Heat pumps : the core technology for sustainable heating

A recent report by the IEA highlights that heat pumps are essential to reducing the use of natural gas for heating, while improving energy security, reducing emissions and ensuring...

• Publication date : 2023/01/26
• Subjects: Environment

Honey is an efficient natural cryoprotectant in fertility preservation

While several review articles point to the need for new, effective and less toxic cryoprotectants, honey has proven to be an effective non-penetrating...

• Publication date : 2022/03/31
• Subjects: Technology

France: a HFC price commission before an index from INSEE (in French)

During SIFA, the Snefcca (French national union of refrigeration, kitchen equipment and air conditioning companies) confirms deadlines and framework of the future index from INSEE (French national institute for statistics and economic studies)...

• Publication date : 2015/12/09
• Subjects: HFCs alternatives, Figures, economy

Green buildings: Expo 2010 in Shanghai, China

Expo 2010 in Shanghai, China is on, and is expected to draw 70 million visitors. With a theme of "Better City, Better Life", it aims to explore the full potential of urban life in the 21st century and how to create an eco-friendly society....

• Publication date : 2011/02/04

Windcatchers: the birth of air conditioning and natural refrigeration?

Windcatchers, which can reduce indoor temperatures by around 10°C and store water at near-freezing temperatures during summer months, have been used over centuries in many regions around the world.

• Publication date : 2018/11/22

Direct CO2 emissions generated by the refrigeration sector in Chile

As part of its national inventory submitted to the UNFCCC, Chile reported greenhouse gas emission values for the refrigeration and air conditioning sector.

• Publication date : 2021/08/16
• Subjects: Developing country, Figures, economy, Environment

ASHRAE 2023 “Women in RACHP” workshop

At the ASHRAE 2023 winter conference and exhibition in Atlanta, the IIR’s CaRe (Career in Refrigeration) Working Group organised a workshop on “Women in RACHP”. 

• Publication date : 2023/02/21

Call for abstracts now open! 15th IIR-Gustav Lorentzen Conference on Natural Refrigerants

Prospective authors of papers are encouraged to submit 150-200 word abstracts by September 15, 2021.

• Publication date : 2021/07/08
• Subjects: Environment, Technology

Invitation to join the IIR working group: Solid-state cooling and heating

Established last year, this latest IIR working group aims to promote international research collaboration to provide energy efficient and environmentally friendly solutions for a variety of solid-state...

• Publication date : 2023/05/02
• Subjects: Technology

The long awaited ICR2015 is underway!

Held every four years, this year ICR2015 welcomes 1,011 conference delegates from 55 countries, making it a truly global refrigeration event.

• Publication date : 2015/08/19

Ice cream manufacturing, environmental impact and market data

From a physico-chemical point of view, ice cream is a complex, frozen multiphase mixture. The manufacturing process includes several stages of freezing which are described in this...

• Last update : 2023/06/30
• Langues : French, English
• Themes : Ice creams

Cryogenic nitrogen in the food and beverage industry

The adoption of cryogenic processes in the food and beverage industry is predominantly driven by liquid nitrogen (LIN), and it is the preferred candidate for food chilling and...

• Last update : 2023/11/07
• Langues : French, English
• Themes : Freezing of foodstuffs

Additive manufacturing of heat exchangers

In the refrigeration industry, additive manufacturing (colloquially referred to as “3D printing”) makes it possible to fabricate novel, complex and potentially more energy efficient...

• Last update : 2022/09/07
• Langues : French, English
• Themes : Evaporators, condensers and other heat exchangers

Hydrocarbon refrigerants

Hydrocarbons such as R290 (propane), R600a (isobutane) or R1270 (propene/propylene) are low GWP non-toxic natural refrigerants with excellent thermodynamic properties. They offer an...

• Last update : 2022/06/22
• Langues : French, English
• Themes : Hydrocarbons, Containment, refrigerant charge reduction

Cryogenics in the pharmaceutical industry: drug design and bioavailability improvement

Research activities in the pharmaceutical sector focus primarily on developing novel drug formulations which can elicit the desired response upon being administered to the patient...

• Last update : 2023/03/10
• Langues : French, English
• Themes : Freeze-drying in biology and medicine, Cryobiology, cryomedicine: general information

Liquefied Natural Gas: production process and cold energy recovery

Liquefied natural gas (LNG) is natural gas that has been cooled to about -160 °C and turned into a liquid to facilitate transportation and storage. A typical LNG supply chain...

• Last update : 2023/06/23
• Langues : French, English
• Themes : LNG and LPG

Additive manufacturing of regenerators for caloric cooling

In many areas of engineering, additive manufacturing allows the production of complex and multifunctional products that could not be manufactured using traditional methods. In the...

• Last update : 2022/09/16
• Langues : French, English
• Themes : Caloric cooling (magnetocaloric, electrocaloric, elastocaloric and barocaloric cooling)