Search results

IIR document

Physicochemical and rheological properties of COD hydrolysates.

• Author(s) : KHAN M. U. , TOLSTOREBROV I., EIKEVIK T. M., WATANABE M., GACEUS
• Publication date: 2024/06/11
• Languages : English
• Keywords : Osmosis, Cod, Head, Nutritional value, Organoleptic property, Concentration, Energy saving
• Source: 8^th IIR International Conference on Sustainability and the Cold Chain. Proceedings: June 9-11 2024
• Formats : PDF

IIR document

Effects of on-board bleeding methods and superchilling on quality of cod and saithe.

• Author(s) : ELIASSON S., ARASON S., MARGEIRSSON B., et al.
• Publication date: 2019/08/24
• Languages : English
• Keywords : Ship, Temperature, Microbiological quality, Superchilling, Fresh produce, Fishing, Cod, Expérimentation, Colour
• Source: Proceedings of the 25^th IIR International Congress of Refrigeration: Montréal , Canada, August 24-30, 2019.
• Formats : PDF

Recommended by the IIR / IIR document

The effect of freeze-chilling on quality changes of cod loins (Gadus morhua) during chilled storage.

• Author(s) : UGLEM S., NORDTVEDT T. S., GREIFF K.
• Publication date: 2022/04/11
• Languages : English
• Keywords : Fish, Cod, Freezing, Chilling, Vacuum, Packaging, Thawing, Storage life, Comparison, Quality
• Source: 7^th IIR International Conference on Sustainability and the Cold Chain (Online). Proceedings: April 11-13 2022
• Formats : PDF

IIR document

Enzymatic hydrolysis of cod heads – effect of freezing and thawing on the quality and composition of protein hydrolysates.

• Author(s) : TVEIT G. M., CARVAJAL A. K., SLIZYTE R., MELDSTAD F., NORDTVEDT T. S., REMME J., RUSTAD T.
• Publication date: 2020/08/26
• Languages : English
• Keywords : Cod, Fish, Quality, Freezing-thawing, Freezing, Expérimentation, Sensory analysis, Hydrolysis
• Source: 6^th IIR International Conference on Sustainability and the Cold Chain. Proceedings: Nantes, France, August 26-28 2020
• Formats : PDF, Video

IIR document

Impact of biobased packaging materials on quality changes of cod (Gadus morhua) and haddock (Melanogrammus aeglefinus) during frozen storage.

• Author(s) : UGLEM S., TVEIT G. M., SVENDSEN E. S., AUSTNES A.
• Publication date: 2024/06/11
• Languages : English
• Keywords : Cod, Packaging, Biological material, Frozen food, Fillet, Adhesion, Contamination
• Source: 8^th IIR International Conference on Sustainability and the Cold Chain. Proceedings: June 9-11 2024
• Formats : PDF

IIR document

Wild caught cod (Gadus morhua) and haddock (Melanogrammus aeglefinus) chilled in slurry or flake ice and its effect on product quality.

• Author(s) : TVEIT G. M., NORDTVEDT T. S., AURSAND I., DIGRE H.
• Publication date: 2023/08/21
• Languages : English
• Keywords : Cod, Fish, Chilling, Ice, Water holding, Water content, Sensory analysis, Expérimentation
• Source: Proceedings of the 26^th IIR International Congress of Refrigeration: Paris , France, August 21-25, 2023.
• Formats : PDF

IIR document

Modelling thermal diffusivity of foods during freezing.

• Author(s) : CARSON J. K., HOANG D. K.
• Publication date: 2023/08/21
• Languages : English
• Keywords : Modelling, Thermal property, Thermal diffusivity, Calculation, Cod, Pizza, Beef
• Source: Proceedings of the 26^th IIR International Congress of Refrigeration: Paris , France, August 21-25, 2023.
• Formats : PDF

IIR document

Onboard pre-chilling of ungutted and gutted Atlantic cod in different cooling media -Temperature measurements and analytical modelling.

• Author(s) : ELIASSON S., ARASON S., MARGEIRSSON B., PALSSON O. P.
• Publication date: 2021/12
• Languages : English
• Source: International Journal of Refrigeration - Revue Internationale du Froid - vol. 132
• Formats : PDF

IIR document

Optimization of quality and yield of stockfish by end-climatic controlled storage.

• Author(s) : INDERGÅRD E., JOENSEN S., WIDELL K. N.
• Publication date: 2018/04/06
• Languages : English
• Keywords : Temperature, Quality, Drying, Heat pump, Fish, Norway, Cod, Humidity, Case study, Cold store
• Source: 5^th IIR International Conference on Sustainability and the Cold Chain. Proceedings: Beijing, Chine, 6-8 avril 2018
• Formats : PDF

Viability of Cryptocotyle lingua metacercariae from Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua) after exposure to freezing and heating in the temperature range from -80°C to 100°C.

• Author(s) : BORGES J. N., SKOV J., BAHLOOL Q. Z. M., et al.
• Publication date: 2015/04
• Languages : English
• Source: Food Control The International Journal of HACCP and Food Safety - vol. 50

Experimental study of PEMFC conditioning methods.

• Author(s) : SONG J., KIM M., KIM D.
• Publication date: 2021/08/31
• Languages : English
• Source: 13^th IEA Heat Pump Conference 2021: Heat Pumps – Mission for the Green World. Conference proceedings [full papers]
• Formats : PDF

Recommended by the IIR / IIR document

Computational fluid dynamics analysis of flammable refrigerant leakage through a microcrack.

• Author(s) : ZHANG S., CHEN G., LI Z., FANG J.
• Publication date: 2022/02
• Languages : English
• Source: International Journal of Refrigeration - Revue Internationale du Froid - vol. 134
• Formats : PDF

IIR document

Challenges of the usage of ultra-low temperatures for fish freezing and storage.

• Author(s) : EIKEVIK T., TOLSTOREBROV I., BANTLE M., et al.
• Publication date: 2015/08/16
• Languages : English
• Source: Proceedings of the 24th IIR International Congress of Refrigeration: Yokohama, Japan, August 16-22, 2015.
• Formats : PDF

IIR document

Chilling of pelagic fish onboard Norwegian fishing vessels.

• Author(s) : NORDTVEDT T. S., WIDELL K. N.
• Publication date: 2019/08/24
• Languages : English
• Source: Proceedings of the 25^th IIR International Congress of Refrigeration: Montréal , Canada, August 24-30, 2019.
• Formats : PDF

Filetti di merluzzo minimamente trasformati e pronti al consumo.

Minimally processed filleted cod.

• Author(s) : FASANELLA L., MAENZA S., LOVINO R., et al.
• Publication date: 2010/05
• Languages : Italian
• Keywords : Food industry, Microbiology, Fish, Cod, Fillet, Cold storage, Packaging
• Source: Rev. Ferment. Ind. aliment. - vol. 49 - n. 502
• Formats : PDF

Australia: Code of Practice for Flammable Refrigerants

Faced with the rising use of flammable refrigerants, AIRAH has issued a draft Code of Practice for handling these gases.

• Publication date : 2013/09/12
• Subjects: Regulation

New European ecodesign regulation for air conditioners

New European Regulation 206/2012 that sets minimal performance requirements for air-conditioners will enter into force in January 2013.

• Publication date : 2012/09/18
• Subjects: Regulation

EU Ecodesign Regulation No 1253/2014 for Ventilation Units

Since 1 January 2016, the European Ecodesign Regulation (No 1253/2014) has been applied to ventilation units with stringent requirements scheduled in 2018.

• Publication date : 2016/03/31
• Subjects: Regulation

New design for CO2 cascade system

Researchers from two Spanish universities are looking for commercial licensees for a CO2 cascade refrigeration system that is said to overcome many of the current drawbacks of the technology.

• Publication date : 2014/06/20

Innovative HFO/CO2 cascade for supermarket application

An innovative CO2/R1234ze cascade refrigeration system with heat recovery has been installed into a 1500 m2 sales area supermarket in Parma, Italy.

• Publication date : 2016/08/08
• Subjects: HFCs alternatives

R134a/CO2 cascade for a French ice rink

In the French Alps, the Alpe d’Huez ice rink has recently completely renovation, replacing the former HCFC-22 refrigeration system by an HFC-134a/CO2 cascade system.

• Publication date : 2015/11/04

An innovative NH3/CO2 cascade system in the US

By deploying a NH3/CO2 cascade system, a supermarket in Columbus, Georgia, reduced its annual direct emissions by at least 95%

• Publication date : 2016/02/03

Invasion of a Body Snatcher

New research by French scientists has revealed how Listeria monocytogenes can activate the cellular transport machinery that transports viruses and small molecules and proteins and use it to invade cells and hide from the body's immune system....

• Publication date : 2005/11/23

Carrier Commercial Refrigeration has opened its CO2OLacademy field training facility

Carrier Commercial Refrigeration has opened its CO2OLacademy field training facility in Germany. It aims to increase the technical knowledge and practical competencies of field technicians in Europe.

• Publication date : 2015/04/16

Dalian builds China’s first CO2/NH3 cascade cold storage logistics base

China is building the largest cold storage logistics base for aquatic products in Dalian, Northeast China. The 200 000-tonne, RMB 1 billion (roughly 128 million €) cold store is said to be the first large-scale cold storage logistics base adopting...

• Publication date : 2012/12/19

Solar-powered modular facade capable of cooling and heating a building

In Germany, researchers are testing a modular solar-powered facade that includes a mini heat pump for heating and cooling, and a decentralised ventilation unit with heat...

• Publication date : 2022/02/07
• Subjects: Technology

Will the facades of the future be able to supply heat pumps?

A German organisation is developing a material that could use solar energy to power a heat pump. 

• Publication date : 2023/05/27

Refrigeration innovations for the avocado market

The booming global avocado market calls for increasing standards of quality. Refrigeration technologies offer cutting-edge solutions for fruit ripening and seed preservation for future crops.

• Publication date : 2020/10/22

Frozen avocados to meet the booming global “avo craze”

Frozen avocado pieces or products represent a rising market for exporters to guarantee year-round supply of avocados, which is becoming crucial to the food service sector. 

• Publication date : 2024/09/19

Partial body cooling as a means to save energy?

Cooling parts of the body could be an energy efficient way of providing personal thermal comfort and is currently being studied by researchers, in particular in Japan and in the United States.

• Publication date : 2014/01/21

Briefs: Codex Alimentarius: Quick Frozen Foods Code adopted

Codex Alimentarius: Quick Frozen Foods Code adopted The recommended International Code of Practice for the Processing and Handling of Quick Frozen Foods (QFF) has just been adopted at Step 5 and then directly at step 8 (final adoption) at the 31st...

• Publication date : 2008/08/12

Quick Frozen Foods Code

The Recommended International Code of Practice for the Processing and Handling of Quick Frozen Foods of the Codex Alimentarius (Joint FAO/WHO Food Standards Programme) is now available on the Codex Alimentarius Web site on the list of

• Publication date : 2009/08/13

New IIR Informatory Note on Whole Body Cryotherapy/Cryostimulation 

Providing key insight in the field of cryostimulation, and particularly whole body and partial body cryotherapy, the new Informatory Note of the International Institute of Refrigeration (IIR) explores the...

• Publication date : 2020/12/02
• Subjects: Technology

New IIR Working Group: whole-body cryotherapy or cryostimulation

During the IIR Science and Technology Council meeting on June 15, 2017, a new IIR Working Group (WG) on “Whole-body cryotherapy or cryostimulation” was officially created.

• Publication date : 2017/07/12

New IIR Informatory Note: “Whole Body Cryotherapy/Cryostimulation”

Learn about the latest advances and the challenges related to these rapidly developing techniques.

• Publication date : 2020/10/22

IIR Working Group on whole-body cryotherapy or cryostimulation

A presentation of this IIR Working Group took place during the French Association of Refrigeration (AFF) Orientation Committee in January.

• Publication date : 2018/03/22

Press release: IIR launches new Working Group on “Whole-body cryotherapy or cryostimulation”

During the International Institute of Refrigeration (IIR) Science and Technology Council meeting on June 15, 2017, a new IIR Working Group on “Whole-body cryotherapy or cryostimulation” was officially created.

• Publication date : 2017/07/26

Three educational and awareness-raising events within the framework of INDEE+ project in 2021

For the INDEE+ project, the end of the year 2021 was marked by several educational events aiming to raise awareness of the application of clean cooling systems offered by the CO2/R744 refrigeration...

• Publication date : 2022/01/28

24th Conference of the Parties to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change in Poland

The 24th Conference of the Parties to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change was held in Katowice, Poland, on December 3-14. Didier Coulomb, director of the IIR, made a statement.

• Publication date : 2018/12/27
• Subjects: Regulation, Environment

Paris Agreement adopted during COP21: an accepted common framework for all nations

The Paris Agreement which was adopted during the Conference of Parties (COP21) on climate change is of the utmost importance.

• Publication date : 2015/12/29

Brief: Ian Syminton Prize

The New Zealand National Committee of the IIR and its sponsor, APV New Zealand Ltd., has awarded the 2006 Ian Syminton Prize for Research and Development in Refrigeration Technology to Dr Grant MacDonald. Grant has conducted extensive research on...

• Publication date : 2006/05/05

Available - New IIR publication: Technological options for retail refrigeration

Written by several experts from the acclaimed London South Bank University (UK), the International Institute of Refrigeration (IIR) is proud to present the “Technological options for retail refrigeration”.

• Publication date : 2018/11/22

New IIR Publication: Bibliography on CO2

Bibliography on CO2: 2004-2006 references and abstracts This CD-ROM contains the bibliographical references and summaries of over 200 recent articles on CO2 and its various applications in the fields of refrigeration, air conditioning and heat...

• Publication date : 2006/05/05

Brief: Dr David Tanner

Dr David Tanner has finished a 2-year mandate as President of AIRAH (The Australian Institute of Refrigeration, Air Conditioning and Heating). Dave has paid tribute to Jennifer Pelvin (Chief Executive) and her staff and highlighted the following...

• Publication date : 2006/01/28

IIR member news: Cemafroid's experience in F-Gas certification recognized in Italy

Tecnea, majority shareholder in French company Cemafroid, benefactor member of the IIR, was recently accredited to grant certifications (certificates of competency) via its branch Tecnea Italia.

• Publication date : 2014/08/13
• Subjects: Regulation

Cold storage conditions for fruits and vegetables

Practical recommendations for the cold storage of over 200 cultivars of fruits, vegetables and herbs (storage temperatures, relative humidity, storage time, controlled atmosphere...

• Last update : 2023/01/16
• Langues : French, English
• Themes : Fruit, Vegetables

Liquefied Natural Gas: production process and cold energy recovery

Liquefied natural gas (LNG) is natural gas that has been cooled to about -160 °C and turned into a liquid to facilitate transportation and storage. A typical LNG supply chain...

• Last update : 2023/06/23
• Langues : French, English
• Themes : LNG and LPG

For IIR members only

Global cold storage capacity

This table presents the cold storage capacity in about 50 countries, based on data from the Global Cold Chain Alliance (GCCA).

• Last update : 2021/12/06
• Langues : English
• Themes : Refrigerated storage: economics and statistics

Ice cream manufacturing, environmental impact and market data

From a physico-chemical point of view, ice cream is a complex, frozen multiphase mixture. The manufacturing process includes several stages of freezing which are described in this...

• Last update : 2023/06/30
• Langues : French, English
• Themes : Ice creams

Cryogenics in the pharmaceutical industry: drug design and bioavailability improvement

Research activities in the pharmaceutical sector focus primarily on developing novel drug formulations which can elicit the desired response upon being administered to the patient...

• Last update : 2023/03/10
• Langues : French, English
• Themes : Freeze-drying in biology and medicine, Cryobiology, cryomedicine: general information

Thermophysical properties of hydrocarbon refrigerants

Thermophysical properties of over 20 hydrocarbon refrigerants, including single-component and blends.

• Last update : 2022/06/17
• Langues : English
• Themes : Hydrocarbons, Blends

For IIR members only

Heat pump stock in Europe

This table presents the stock of installed heat pumps, the CO2 emissions avoided and the number of jobs in the heat pump sector in Europe.

• Last update : 2021/12/14
• Langues : English
• Themes : Heat pumps, energy recovery: economics and statistics

Global HFC emissions from the refrigeration sector

This table shows HFC emissions from the refrigeration sector – including air conditioning – in million tonnes of CO2 equivalent for about 40 countries that are signatories...

• Last update : 2022/01/20
• Langues : English
• Themes : General information on environment (climate change, ozone depletion…)

Additive manufacturing of heat exchangers

In the refrigeration industry, additive manufacturing (colloquially referred to as “3D printing”) makes it possible to fabricate novel, complex and potentially more energy efficient...

• Last update : 2022/09/07
• Langues : French, English
• Themes : Evaporators, condensers and other heat exchangers

Cryogenic nitrogen in the food and beverage industry

The adoption of cryogenic processes in the food and beverage industry is predominantly driven by liquid nitrogen (LIN), and it is the preferred candidate for food chilling and...

• Last update : 2023/11/07
• Langues : French, English
• Themes : Freezing of foodstuffs

Hydrocarbon refrigerants

Hydrocarbons such as R290 (propane), R600a (isobutane) or R1270 (propene/propylene) are low GWP non-toxic natural refrigerants with excellent thermodynamic properties. They offer an...

• Last update : 2022/06/22
• Langues : French, English
• Themes : Hydrocarbons, Containment, refrigerant charge reduction

Nanorefrigerants

Nanorefrigerants are created by adding nanoparticles in suspension to a base refrigerant. They have a thermal conductivity that is 15% to 104% higher than that of the corresponding...

• Last update : 2022/06/17
• Langues : English, French
• Themes : Nanofluids

Environmental impact of the ice cream industry

This summary document describes the environmental impact of ice cream manufacturing, which is mainly due to the energy consumption and refrigerants used.

• Last update : 2022/11/17
• Langues : French, English
• Themes : General information on environment (climate change, ozone depletion…)

Kigali Amendment status per country

List of the 163 countries that have accepted, approved or ratified the Kigali Amendment as of November 15, 2024.

• Last update : 2024/11/15
• Langues : English
• Themes : Regulations and standardization (Montreal and Kyoto Protocols…)

Global warming potential (GWP) of HFC refrigerants

Using the latest updated data from UNEP’s RTOC 2022 report, we have compiled the 100-year GWP and 20-year GWP values of hydrofluorocarbon-based (HFC) refrigerants. Our table includes...

• Last update : 2023/09/15
• Langues : French, English
• Themes : HFCs