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IIR document

The effect of supercooling on ice structure in tuna meat observed by using X-ray computed tomography.

• Author(s) : KOBAYASHI R., KIMIZUKA N., WATANABE M., et al.
• Publication date: 2015/12
• Languages : English
• Source: International Journal of Refrigeration - Revue Internationale du Froid - vol. 60
• Formats : PDF

IIR document

The effect of supercooling-freezing on inhibition of ice recrystallization during storage.

• Author(s) : ISHIKAWA Y., WATANABE M., SUZUKI T.
• Publication date: 2019/08/24
• Languages : English
• Source: Proceedings of the 25^th IIR International Congress of Refrigeration: Montréal , Canada, August 24-30, 2019.
• Formats : PDF

IIR document

Effect of supercooled freezing methods on ice structure observed by X-ray CT.

• Author(s) : KOBAYASHI R., KIMIZUKA N., SUZUKI T., et al.
• Publication date: 2014/06/23
• Languages : English
• Source: 3^rd IIR International Conference on Sustainability and the Cold Chain. Proceedings: London, UK, June 23-25, 2014
• Formats : PDF

IIR document

REFROIDISSEMENT ET CONSERVATION DU LAIT DE BREBIS EN VUE D'UNE ECONOMIE D'ENERGIE.

SAVING ENERGY IN THE REFRIGERATION AND STORAGE OF SHEEP MILK.

• Author(s) : JIMENEZ PEREZ S., GOICOECHEA A., GARCIA MATAMOROS E.
• Publication date: 1983/08/07
• Languages : French
• Keywords : Ewe, Milk, Chilling, Dairy product, Curd, Energy saving, Cheese
• Source: [Refrigeration serving humanity]. Proceedings of the XVI^th international Congress of Refrigeration.
• Formats : PDF

IIR document

SURGELATION DES PRODUITS LAITIERS SEMI-LIQUIDES SOUS FORME DE GRANULES PAR MELANGE EN CONTINU DU PRODUIT A SURGELER AVEC DE LA NEIGE CARBONIQUE.

FREEZING OF SEMI-LIQUID DAIRY PRODUCTS IN GRANULATE SHAPE INVOLVING CONTINUOUS PRODUCT MIXING WITH SOLID CARBON DIOXIDE.

• Author(s) : JOZON P.
• Publication date: 1983/08/07
• Languages : French
• Keywords : Dry ice, Cream, Dairy product, Pressed cheese, Curd, Freezing, CO2
• Source: [Refrigeration serving humanity]. Proceedings of the XVI^th international Congress of Refrigeration.
• Formats : PDF

IIR document

THE EFFECT OF HYDROCOLLOIDAL STABILIZERS ON THE QUALITY OF FROZEN COTTAGE CHEESE.

• Author(s) : SWITKA J., SZCZEPANIK K., KOLENDA H.
• Publication date: 1983/08/07
• Languages : English
• Keywords : Thawing, Milk, Organoleptic property, Stabilizer, Dairy product, Curd, Fermentation, Freezing, Fromage frais
• Source: [Refrigeration serving humanity]. Proceedings of the XVI^th international Congress of Refrigeration.
• Formats : PDF

IIR document

CHANGES OF PROTEIN PROPERTIES IN CHEESE DURING FREEZING.

• Author(s) : FILCHAKOVA N. N.
• Publication date: 1983/08/07
• Languages : English
• Keywords : Organoleptic property, Protein, Quick freezing, Dairy product, Curd, Freezing, Fromage frais, Water activity
• Source: [Refrigeration serving humanity]. Proceedings of the XVI^th international Congress of Refrigeration.
• Formats : PDF

IIR document

Quantitative characterization of morphology of ice crystals in frozen foods by using the concept of fractal.

• Author(s) : HAGIWARA T., SUZUKI T., TAKAI R.
• Publication date: 2003/08/17
• Languages : English
• Source: 21^st IIR International Congress of Refrigeration: Serving the Needs of Mankind.
• Formats : PDF

IIR document

Airflow blockage and guide technology on energy saving for spiral quick-freezer.

• Author(s) : HUAN Z., MA Y., HE S.
• Publication date: 2003/09
• Languages : English
• Source: International Journal of Refrigeration - Revue Internationale du Froid - vol. 26 - n. 6
• Formats : PDF

IIR corporate members news: Picard

Picard, a corporate member of the IIR specialized in innovative, high-quality frozen foods, is expanding fast. With 150 new stores opened over the past few years, Picard now has 569 stores in France and 45 in Italy. BC Partners recently took over...

• Publication date : 2005/02/11

IIR Member news: Picard is 30

Picard Surgelés, a corporate member of the IIR, is celebrating its 30th anniversary and is offering customers a 30% discount on a range of delectable foods, including a creative festive pack of 30 macaroons in a variety of flavours. With over 500...

• Publication date : 2004/04/28

Cooling cardiac arrest patients improves survival

Research presented at the American Heart Association’s Scientific Sessions 2012 demonstrates that cooling patients resuscitated after sudden cardiac arrest in order to achieve a lower body temperature increases survival.

• Publication date : 2013/02/20

Heat pumps: record sales in 2022

The European heat pump market continues to do very well, according to EHPA. Three million units were sold in 2022, a 38% jump from 2021. 

• Publication date : 2023/03/27
• Subjects: Figures, economy

Briefs: Record-breaking CDM deals in Asia

The Clean Development Mechanism, established under the Kyoto Protocol, is a project and market-based mechanism that allows industrialized countries to invest in greenhouse-gas-mitigating activities in developing countries and earn certified...

• Publication date : 2006/11/15

New record for LNG trade in 2018.

Synthesis of the main trends and figures related to the LNG industry. Data based on the 2019 IGU World LNG Report presented at the 19th International Conference and Exhibition on Liquefied Natural Gas, which was co-organised by the IIR and took...

• Publication date : 2019/04/30
• Subjects: Figures, economy

Brazil: record temperatures in 2023 boost AC sales

In the second half of 2023, hotter-than-average temperatures were recorded in Brazil, boosting AC sales this year. 

• Publication date : 2023/11/28
• Subjects: Figures, economy

Record air-conditioning sales in France in 2004

Clim' Info has published the sales figures for air-conditioning units until August 31, 2004 . For many units, during the January-August period, sales had already practically doubled. At the end of August, sales of interior units had risen by 142%....

• Publication date : 2005/03/15

Record sales for air-conditioned clothes in Japan

In Japan this summer, sales of air-conditioned jackets reached peaks amid power shortages after the earthquake and tsunami.

• Publication date : 2011/12/08

China: record temperatures in Beijing increase cooling demand

In June 2023, Beijing recorded its hottest temperatures in 60 years, affecting electricity and cooling demand.

• Publication date : 2023/06/26
• Subjects: General information

Asia: record temperatures in April increase cooling demand

In April 2023, hotter-than-average temperatures have been recorded in Asia, affecting electricity and cooling demand.

• Publication date : 2023/05/15
• Subjects: Developing country, General information

Record year for air conditioners and heat pump shipments in the US

In June 2004, manufacturers of central air conditioners and heat pumps set a single month record of 1 081 147 shipments. This puts the industry on a pace to exceed, for the first time, 7 000 000 units in 2004. Shipments for residential and light...

• Publication date : 2004/09/14

Record: heat pump less than 10 g of propane per kW

German researchers have developed a refrigeration circuit integrating a propane heat pump that achieves a heating power of 12.8 kW with only 124 g of refrigerant. 

• Publication date : 2022/10/27

A nanoelectronic chip cooled to the world record temperature of 2.8 mK

A group of researchers of the University of Basel succeeded in cooling a nanoelectronic chip to a temperature very close to absolute zero thanks to magnetic cooling.

• Publication date : 2018/03/22

Mauritius breaks record with the largest diesel/photovoltaic system installed

One of the world’s largest diesel/photovoltaic hybrid systems is to be installed in a supermarket in the city of Flacq, Mauritius.

• Publication date : 2014/10/06

IIR activity report according to SDGs

The IIR has just published its activity report for the year 2021. The IIR's actions are in line with the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals. 

• Publication date : 2022/02/28

A new version of the ATP Agreement

The new version on the international carriage of perishable foodstuffs and on the special equipment to be used for such carriage became effective from 30 September 2015. The IIR was involved in this process thanks to its Commission D2...

• Publication date : 2015/10/20

IIR-Gustav Lorentzen Conference 2018 attracts its largest number of participants yet

With a focus on natural refrigerants, principally ammonia, carbon dioxide and hydrocarbons, the 13th conference in the series attracted the largest number of participants yet, welcoming an impressive 300 individuals from 45 different countries and...

• Publication date : 2018/07/03

Lima : A step towards an international climate agreement in 2015 ?

An outline for future negotiations during the Paris conference in 2015.

• Publication date : 2014/12/23

OEWG36: Tough week of negotiations, no agreement except possible additional meetings

OEWG 36 spent much of its time focusing on moving the discussion on HFCs management forward.

• Publication date : 2015/07/29
• Subjects: Regulation

Paris Agreement adopted during COP21: an accepted common framework for all nations

The Paris Agreement which was adopted during the Conference of Parties (COP21) on climate change is of the utmost importance.

• Publication date : 2015/12/29

Paris Agreement signed and the OEWG37 makes headway

Find out how the Paris Agreement, adopted during the Conference of Parties (COP21) and signed on 22 April 2016, and advancements at the 37th Meeting of the Open-ended Working Group of the Parties to the Montreal Protocol (OEWG37) will impact the...

• Publication date : 2016/04/26

First meeting of the IIR Working Group on Refrigeration Safety

During the Gustav Lorentzen conference in Valencia (Spain), the IIR Working Group “Refrigeration Safety”, chaired by Alexander Cohr Pachai, held its first meeting.

• Publication date : 2018/08/08

International activities: Conferences

- The 3rd International Conference on Energy Research and Development (ICERD-3) took place in Kuwait City on November 21-23, 2005. This IIR co-sponsored conference emphasized the necessity of energy saving, even in oil-producing countries, in...

• Publication date : 2006/01/28

IIR Corporate members: briefs

- Air Liquide's new LENOXeTM anaesthetic drug was recently presented at the European Congress of Anaesthesiology in Munich, Germany. It is due for commercial release in 12 European countries by the end of 2007. LENOXeTM is based on xenon (Xe), an...

• Publication date : 2007/11/20

International activities

The IIR must play a visible role in the different international events: The IIR, as an intergovernmental organization, will participate in the next 2 main international events organized by the United Nations: - the 17th Meeting of the Parties...

• Publication date : 2005/10/26

New IIR Working Group: whole-body cryotherapy or cryostimulation

During the IIR Science and Technology Council meeting on June 15, 2017, a new IIR Working Group (WG) on “Whole-body cryotherapy or cryostimulation” was officially created.

• Publication date : 2017/07/12

Professionals, participate in a questionnaire on the cold chain of COVID-19 vaccines (in French)

The AFF (French Association of Refrigeration) has just posted a short online questionnaire for vaccines cold chain professionals in order to enrich the work of its...

• Publication date : 2021/10/25
• Subjects: Regulation, Technology

IIR member news: Linde

Linde uses cryogenic freezing to improve cuts.

• Publication date : 2014/10/21

Call for abstracts now open: Cryogenics Conference 2021

The Programme Committee of the 16th IIR Conference on Cryogenics kindly invites authors to submit their abstracts by February 10, 2021!

• Publication date : 2020/12/14
• Subjects: Technology

Hydrocarbon refrigerants

Hydrocarbons such as R290 (propane), R600a (isobutane) or R1270 (propene/propylene) are low GWP non-toxic natural refrigerants with excellent thermodynamic properties. They offer an...

• Last update : 2022/06/22
• Langues : French, English
• Themes : Hydrocarbons, Containment, refrigerant charge reduction

Ice cream manufacturing, environmental impact and market data

From a physico-chemical point of view, ice cream is a complex, frozen multiphase mixture. The manufacturing process includes several stages of freezing which are described in this...

• Last update : 2023/06/30
• Langues : French, English
• Themes : Ice creams

Liquefied Natural Gas: production process and cold energy recovery

Liquefied natural gas (LNG) is natural gas that has been cooled to about -160 °C and turned into a liquid to facilitate transportation and storage. A typical LNG supply chain...

• Last update : 2023/06/23
• Langues : French, English
• Themes : LNG and LPG

Cryogenics in the pharmaceutical industry: drug design and bioavailability improvement

Research activities in the pharmaceutical sector focus primarily on developing novel drug formulations which can elicit the desired response upon being administered to the patient...

• Last update : 2023/03/10
• Langues : French, English
• Themes : Freeze-drying in biology and medicine, Cryobiology, cryomedicine: general information

Cryogenic nitrogen in the food and beverage industry

The adoption of cryogenic processes in the food and beverage industry is predominantly driven by liquid nitrogen (LIN), and it is the preferred candidate for food chilling and...

• Last update : 2023/11/07
• Langues : French, English
• Themes : Freezing of foodstuffs

Additive manufacturing of heat exchangers

In the refrigeration industry, additive manufacturing (colloquially referred to as “3D printing”) makes it possible to fabricate novel, complex and potentially more energy efficient...

• Last update : 2022/09/07
• Langues : French, English
• Themes : Evaporators, condensers and other heat exchangers

Cold storage conditions for fruits and vegetables

Practical recommendations for the cold storage of over 200 cultivars of fruits, vegetables and herbs (storage temperatures, relative humidity, storage time, controlled atmosphere...

• Last update : 2023/01/16
• Langues : French, English
• Themes : Fruit, Vegetables

Global warming potential (GWP) of HFC refrigerants

Using the latest updated data from UNEP’s RTOC 2022 report, we have compiled the 100-year GWP and 20-year GWP values of hydrofluorocarbon-based (HFC) refrigerants. Our table includes...

• Last update : 2023/09/15
• Langues : French, English
• Themes : HFCs

For IIR members only

Global cold storage capacity

This table presents the cold storage capacity in about 50 countries, based on data from the Global Cold Chain Alliance (GCCA).

• Last update : 2021/12/06
• Langues : English
• Themes : Refrigerated storage: economics and statistics

Global HFC emissions from the refrigeration sector

This table shows HFC emissions from the refrigeration sector – including air conditioning – in million tonnes of CO2 equivalent for about 40 countries that are signatories...

• Last update : 2022/01/20
• Langues : English
• Themes : General information on environment (climate change, ozone depletion…)

Environmental impact of the ice cream industry

This summary document describes the environmental impact of ice cream manufacturing, which is mainly due to the energy consumption and refrigerants used.

• Last update : 2022/11/17
• Langues : French, English
• Themes : General information on environment (climate change, ozone depletion…)