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IIR document
The effect of supercooling on ice structure in tuna meat observed by using X-ray computed tomography.
The effect of supercooling-freezing on inhibition of ice recrystallization during storage.
REFROIDISSEMENT ET CONSERVATION DU LAIT DE BREBIS EN VUE D'UNE ECONOMIE D'ENERGIE.
SAVING ENERGY IN THE REFRIGERATION AND STORAGE OF SHEEP MILK.
SURGELATION DES PRODUITS LAITIERS SEMI-LIQUIDES SOUS FORME DE GRANULES PAR MELANGE EN CONTINU DU PRODUIT A SURGELER AVEC DE LA NEIGE CARBONIQUE.
FREEZING OF SEMI-LIQUID DAIRY PRODUCTS IN GRANULATE SHAPE INVOLVING CONTINUOUS PRODUCT MIXING WITH SOLID CARBON DIOXIDE.
THE EFFECT OF HYDROCOLLOIDAL STABILIZERS ON THE QUALITY OF FROZEN COTTAGE CHEESE.
CHANGES OF PROTEIN PROPERTIES IN CHEESE DURING FREEZING.
Quantitative characterization of morphology of ice crystals in frozen foods by using the concept of fractal.
Airflow blockage and guide technology on energy saving for spiral quick-freezer.
Effect of supercooled freezing methods on ice structure observed by X-ray CT.
Refrigeration sector monitoring
327 results
IIR corporate members news: Picard
Picard, a corporate member of the IIR specialized in innovative, high-quality frozen foods, is expanding fast. With 150 new stores opened over the past few years, Picard now has 569 stores in France and 45 in Italy. BC Partners recently took over...
IIR Member news: Picard is 30
Picard Surgelés, a corporate member of the IIR, is celebrating its 30th anniversary and is offering customers a 30% discount on a range of delectable foods, including a creative festive pack of 30 macaroons in a variety of flavours. With over 500...
Cooling cardiac arrest patients improves survival
Research presented at the American Heart Association’s Scientific Sessions 2012 demonstrates that cooling patients resuscitated after sudden cardiac arrest in order to achieve a lower body temperature increases survival.
Heat pumps: record sales in 2022
The European heat pump market continues to do very well, according to EHPA. Three million units were sold in 2022, a 38% jump from 2021.
Briefs: Record-breaking CDM deals in Asia
The Clean Development Mechanism, established under the Kyoto Protocol, is a project and market-based mechanism that allows industrialized countries to invest in greenhouse-gas-mitigating activities in developing countries and earn certified...
UK: record sales of heat pumps in 2024
A little under 100,000 heat pumps were sold in the UK in 2024, a record in sales supported by a growing number of trained installers.
Brazil: record temperatures in 2023 boost AC sales
In the second half of 2023, hotter-than-average temperatures were recorded in Brazil, boosting AC sales this year.
New record for LNG trade in 2018.
Synthesis of the main trends and figures related to the LNG industry. Data based on the 2019 IGU World LNG Report presented at the 19th International Conference and Exhibition on Liquefied Natural Gas, which was co-organised by the IIR and took...
Record air-conditioning sales in France in 2004
Clim' Info has published the sales figures for air-conditioning units until August 31, 2004 . For many units, during the January-August period, sales had already practically doubled. At the end of August, sales of interior units had risen by 142%....
Record sales for air-conditioned clothes in Japan
In Japan this summer, sales of air-conditioned jackets reached peaks amid power shortages after the earthquake and tsunami.
China: record temperatures in Beijing increase cooling demand
In June 2023, Beijing recorded its hottest temperatures in 60 years, affecting electricity and cooling demand.
Asia: record temperatures in April increase cooling demand
In April 2023, hotter-than-average temperatures have been recorded in Asia, affecting electricity and cooling demand.
2024: A record-breaking year for global temperatures, surpassing 1.5°C threshold
According to the Copernicus Climate Change Service, 2024 has officially become the warmest year on record, surpassing previous temperature highs and signaling a new phase in global climate change.
Record year for air conditioners and heat pump shipments in the US
In June 2004, manufacturers of central air conditioners and heat pumps set a single month record of 1 081 147 shipments. This puts the industry on a pace to exceed, for the first time, 7 000 000 units in 2004. Shipments for residential and light...
Record: heat pump less than 10 g of propane per kW
German researchers have developed a refrigeration circuit integrating a propane heat pump that achieves a heating power of 12.8 kW with only 124 g of refrigerant.
IIR news
31 results
IIR activity report according to SDGs
The IIR has just published its activity report for the year 2021. The IIR's actions are in line with the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals.
A new version of the ATP Agreement
The new version on the international carriage of perishable foodstuffs and on the special equipment to be used for such carriage became effective from 30 September 2015. The IIR was involved in this process thanks to its Commission D2...
IIR-Gustav Lorentzen Conference 2018 attracts its largest number of participants yet
With a focus on natural refrigerants, principally ammonia, carbon dioxide and hydrocarbons, the 13th conference in the series attracted the largest number of participants yet, welcoming an impressive 300 individuals from 45 different countries and...
Lima : A step towards an international climate agreement in 2015 ?
An outline for future negotiations during the Paris conference in 2015.
OEWG36: Tough week of negotiations, no agreement except possible additional meetings
OEWG 36 spent much of its time focusing on moving the discussion on HFCs management forward.
Paris Agreement adopted during COP21: an accepted common framework for all nations
The Paris Agreement which was adopted during the Conference of Parties (COP21) on climate change is of the utmost importance.
Paris Agreement signed and the OEWG37 makes headway
Find out how the Paris Agreement, adopted during the Conference of Parties (COP21) and signed on 22 April 2016, and advancements at the 37th Meeting of the Open-ended Working Group of the Parties to the Montreal Protocol (OEWG37) will impact the...
First meeting of the IIR Working Group on Refrigeration Safety
During the Gustav Lorentzen conference in Valencia (Spain), the IIR Working Group “Refrigeration Safety”, chaired by Alexander Cohr Pachai, held its first meeting.
International activities: Conferences
- The 3rd International Conference on Energy Research and Development (ICERD-3) took place in Kuwait City on November 21-23, 2005. This IIR co-sponsored conference emphasized the necessity of energy saving, even in oil-producing countries, in...
IIR Corporate members: briefs
- Air Liquide's new LENOXeTM anaesthetic drug was recently presented at the European Congress of Anaesthesiology in Munich, Germany. It is due for commercial release in 12 European countries by the end of 2007. LENOXeTM is based on xenon (Xe), an...
International activities
The IIR must play a visible role in the different international events: The IIR, as an intergovernmental organization, will participate in the next 2 main international events organized by the United Nations: - the 17th Meeting of the Parties...
New IIR Working Group: whole-body cryotherapy or cryostimulation
During the IIR Science and Technology Council meeting on June 15, 2017, a new IIR Working Group (WG) on “Whole-body cryotherapy or cryostimulation” was officially created.
Professionals, participate in a questionnaire on the cold chain of COVID-19 vaccines (in French)
The AFF (French Association of Refrigeration) has just posted a short online questionnaire for vaccines cold chain professionals in order to enrich the work of its...
IIR member news: Linde
Linde uses cryogenic freezing to improve cuts.
Refrigeration for better food and a better future
The IIR celebrates World Food Day 2025 and FAO’s 80th Anniversary by highlighting the importance of refrigeration to maintain food quality, aligned with the event’s theme “Hand-in-Hand for Better Food and a...
Encyclopedia of Refrigeration
11 results
Hydrocarbon refrigerants
Hydrocarbons such as R290 (propane), R600a (isobutane) or R1270 (propene/propylene) are low GWP non-toxic natural refrigerants with excellent thermodynamic properties. They offer an...
Ice cream manufacturing, environmental impact and market data
From a physico-chemical point of view, ice cream is a complex, frozen multiphase mixture. The manufacturing process includes several stages of freezing which are described in this...
Liquefied Natural Gas: production process and cold energy recovery
Liquefied natural gas (LNG) is natural gas that has been cooled to about -160 °C and turned into a liquid to facilitate transportation and storage. A typical LNG supply chain...
Cryogenics in the pharmaceutical industry: drug design and bioavailability improvement
Research activities in the pharmaceutical sector focus primarily on developing novel drug formulations which can elicit the desired response upon being administered to the patient...
Cryogenic nitrogen in the food and beverage industry
The adoption of cryogenic processes in the food and beverage industry is predominantly driven by liquid nitrogen (LIN), and it is the preferred candidate for food chilling and...
Additive manufacturing of heat exchangers
In the refrigeration industry, additive manufacturing (colloquially referred to as “3D printing”) makes it possible to fabricate novel, complex and potentially more energy efficient...
Cold storage conditions for fruits and vegetables
Practical recommendations for the cold storage of over 200 cultivars of fruits, vegetables and herbs (storage temperatures, relative humidity, storage time, controlled atmosphere...
Global warming potential (GWP) of HFC refrigerants
Using the latest updated data from UNEP’s RTOC 2022 report, we have compiled the 100-year GWP and 20-year GWP values of hydrofluorocarbon-based (HFC) refrigerants. Our table includes...
For IIR members only
Global cold storage capacity
This table presents the cold storage capacity in about 50 countries, based on data from the Global Cold Chain Alliance (GCCA).
Global HFC emissions from the refrigeration sector
This table shows HFC emissions from the refrigeration sector – including air conditioning – in million tonnes of CO2 equivalent for about 40 countries that are signatories...
Environmental impact of the ice cream industry
This summary document describes the environmental impact of ice cream manufacturing, which is mainly due to the energy consumption and refrigerants used.
Events
1 result
Other event
21st International Conference & Exhibition on Liquefied Natural Gas (LNG2026)
February 02, 2026 - February 05, 2026
Doha, Qatar
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