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Avoiding common chilled water distribution problems.

• Author(s) : PETERSON K. W.
• Publication date: 2015/06
• Languages : English
• Keywords : Design, Pumping, Pressure, Chilled water, Distribution
• Source: ASHRAE Journal - vol. 57 - n. 6

Control of underfloor air-distribution systems.

• Author(s) : NALL D. H.
• Publication date: 2015/05
• Languages : English
• Keywords : Generality, Floor, Control (generic), Air conditioning, Air distribution
• Source: ASHRAE Journal - vol. 57 - n. 5

Design of air distribution systems for historic buildings.

• Author(s) : STEFANUTTI L., BEDENDO B.
• Publication date: 2014/02
• Languages : English
• Keywords : Building, Design, History, Case study, Italy, Air distribution
• Source: 49^th AiCARR International Conference. Historical and existing buildings: designing the retrofit. An overview from energy performances to indoor air quality.
• Formats : PDF

Air distribution systems for fruit and vegetable products storage rooms.

[In Ukrainian. / En ukrainien.]

• Author(s) : ZIMIN A. V.
• Publication date: 2015
• Languages : Ukrainian
• Keywords : Cold room, Vegetable, Fruit, Air distribution
• Source: Holodil'na Tehnika i Tehnologiâ - vol.51 - n.3

IIR document

Air distribution optimization of impingement freezer.

• Author(s) : TANG J., SHAO S., ZOU H., et al.
• Publication date: 2018/04/06
• Languages : English
• Keywords : Food, Quick freezing, Simulation, Optimization, Expérimentation, Energy saving, Freezer, Air distribution
• Source: 5^th IIR International Conference on Sustainability and the Cold Chain. Proceedings: Beijing, Chine, 6-8 avril 2018
• Formats : PDF

IIR document

Experimental investigation on refrigerant flow distribution of microchannel evaporator.

• Author(s) : LIU X., WANG F., WU Q.
• Publication date: 2015/08/16
• Languages : English
• Keywords : Microchannel, Expérimentation, Evaporator, Energy efficiency, Flow, Refrigerant, Distribution
• Source: Proceedings of the 24th IIR International Congress of Refrigeration: Yokohama, Japan, August 16-22, 2015.
• Formats : PDF

Guide to air distribution technology for the internal environment.

• Publication date: 2015/03
• Languages : English
• Keywords : Regulations, Noise, Measurement, Design, Guide, Duct, Air conditioning, Air distribution

Basics of well-mixed room air distribution.

• Author(s) : INT-HOUT D.
• Publication date: 2015/07
• Languages : English
• Keywords : Performance, Mixed system, Thermal comfort, Air conditioning, Air distribution
• Source: ASHRAE Journal - vol. 57 - n. 7

Heat transfer distribution for impinging methane-air premixed flame jets.

• Author(s) : HINDASAGERI V., VEDULA R. P., PRABHU S. V.
• Publication date: 2014/12
• Languages : English
• Keywords : Methane, Tube, Heat transfer, Thermography, Air, Distribution
• Source: Applied Thermal Engineering - vol. 73 - n. 1

IIR document

Particle size distribution in ice slurry systems: setup and analysis.

• Author(s) : KOFFLER M., SCHAAF J., KAUFFELD M.
• Publication date: 2015/08/16
• Languages : English
• Keywords : Ice slurry, Ice, Particle, Microscopy, Expérimentation, Distribution
• Source: Proceedings of the 24th IIR International Congress of Refrigeration: Yokohama, Japan, August 16-22, 2015.
• Formats : PDF

IIR document

Air distribution improvement of closed type server cabinets using flow baffles.

• Author(s) : CHEN H. Y., CHUAH Y. K., HSIEH M. H., et al.
• Publication date: 2015/08/16
• Languages : English
• Keywords : Computer, Temperature, Air, Simulation, Flow, Baffle, Distribution
• Source: Proceedings of the 24th IIR International Congress of Refrigeration: Yokohama, Japan, August 16-22, 2015.
• Formats : PDF

Predicting the flow distribution in compact parallel flow heat exchangers.

• Author(s) : CAMILLERI R., HOWEY D. A., MCCULLOCH M. D.
• Publication date: 2015/11/05
• Languages : English
• Keywords : Prediction, Modelling, Parallel flow, Flow, Heat exchanger, Distribution
• Source: Applied Thermal Engineering - vol. 90

IIR document

Measurement of refrigerant mass distribution within a R290 split air conditioner.

• Author(s) : LI T., LU J., CHEN L., et al.
• Publication date: 2015/09
• Languages : English
• Keywords : Split system, Measurement, Air conditioner, R290, Refrigerant, Distribution
• Source: International Journal of Refrigeration - Revue Internationale du Froid - vol. 57
• Formats : PDF

A comparative analysis of air distribution methods in air conditioning systems.

• Author(s) : GABOR B., MUNCAN V., ANDELKOVIC A., et al.
• Publication date: 2017/12/06
• Languages : English
• Keywords : Software, CFD, Air quality, Air conditioning, Air distribution
• Source: 48^th International HVAC&R Congress and Exhibition.
• Formats : PDF, PowerPoint

Modeling refrigerant maldistribution in microchannel heat exchangers with vertical headers based on experimentally developed distribution results.

• Author(s) : ZOU Y., TUO H., HRNJAK P. S.
• Publication date: 2014/03
• Languages : English
• Keywords : Two-phase flow, Microchannel, Model, Refrigerant, Heat exchanger, Distribution
• Source: Applied Thermal Engineering - vol. 64 - n. 1-2

Largest US cold storage distribution centre

In the USA, AM King has begun construction of the largest cold storage distribution centre in the country.

• Publication date : 2012/04/25

Briefs: Largest distribution centre in Africa

The centre, built by Woolworths in Midrand, South Africa has a surface area of 72 000 m². The 2-stage refrigeration system uses 4.2 tons of ammonia. It operates at -9°C/+32°C on the low stage while the high-stage ammonia circuit is used to chill...

• Publication date : 2008/02/12

Transition from HFCs in Europe: European retailers are optimistic

A survey examines how European retailers are navigating away from HFCs towards lower global warming alternatives.

• Publication date : 2017/11/22
• Subjects: Regulation, HFCs alternatives

A sustainable refrigeration solution for the urban delivery market

A US company was awarded for refrigeration units using rechargeable batteries or solar panels to allow for a complete off-engine operation when vehicles are at delivery stops.

• Publication date : 2018/12/27

Melodys: a 16-tonne electric truck for urban foodstuff delivery.

Melodys is claimed to be the largest electric delivery truck. It can run on diesel fuel or electricity.

• Publication date : 2011/12/02

Obstacles to energy efficient HVAC&R solutions in the food retail sector

A new research paper from the SuperSmart project presents figures related to commercial refrigeration and the results of a survey aimed at identifying obstacles to the adoption of energy-efficient HVAC&R solutions in the food retail sector.

• Publication date : 2018/04/19

Searching for refrigerant traces in the atmosphere

The Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology (Empa) researchers have now published first measurements on the atmospheric distribution and abundance of the 4th generation halogenated coolants and foaming agents. (fluoroolefins).

• Publication date : 2015/04/20

An improved liquid cooling system for the Microsoft Surface Pro 4.

The 'hybrid liquid cooling' solution allows a better heat distribution, making the SP4 feel a bit cooler.

• Publication date : 2015/10/22

New GCCA 2013-2014 Global Cold Chain Directory

This comprehensive directory provides readers with a convenient way to find third-party logistics providers, contractors and suppliers in cold storage and distribution solutions.

• Publication date : 2013/11/19

A propane heat pump with compact bionic heat exchangers

In Germany, Fraunhofer has developed a propane heat pump using compact finned heat exchangers with distribution boxes whose structure is inspired by nature.

• Publication date : 2018/09/27

Ice cream market in Kenya

Marketing activities and improvements in distribution will help to sustain a robust growth value of 7% per year in constant terms over the forecast period (2013-2018).

• Publication date : 2014/05/12

Transport and storage sharing

The Sustainable Distribution Initiative, a cooperation scheme aimed at responding to spiralling energy costs and the demands of consumers to reduce the number of food miles in product distribution is being initiated by IGD, a food and grocery...

• Publication date : 2008/10/25

Autonomous cooling system for food deliveries in the city centre

Coldway Technologies is developing an electric scooter coupled with a self-contained cool box for food delivery in the city centre.

• Publication date : 2019/08/29

Huge-scale cryogenics: ITER

The ITER fusion project is the world's largest, international effort at developing an energy-positive experimental fusion reactor involving the People's Republic of China, the European Union and Switzerland, Japan, the Republic of Korea, the...

• Publication date : 2006/01/28

France: express food delivery (in French)

This solution allows autonomous cold production and control of the transport and storage of perishable food.

• Publication date : 2016/01/21

The Cold Chain: A logistical challenge at the heart of the distribution of the COVID-19 vaccine 

Gérald Cavalier - President of the Science and Technology Council of the International Institute of Refrigeration, President of the French Association of Refrigeration, President of the Cemafroid...

• Publication date : 2020/11/23
• Subjects: Technology, General information

Discover the 30th Informatory Note on Heat-Sensitive Health Products

In this Informatory Note, the IIR has defined the issues and challenges that need to be addressed in order to ensure that reliable cold chains, along the distribution chain of products essential to public health, are put in place.

• Publication date : 2016/01/13

Conference: Oslo

The First International Conference on Small Scale LNG in Europe, an IIR-co-sponsored event held in Oslo on September 29-30, 2005, attracted 121 experts from 18 countries. Twenty PowerPoint presentations were given. Unlike the widely used methods...

• Publication date : 2006/05/05

Conference update: Amsterdam

- The IIR co-sponsored 11th European Cold Chain Education Program, an IIR-co-sponsored event, will be held in Amsterdam on February 25-26, 2008. The theme is "Back to basics: safe, efficient and profitable cold storage and distribution". The event...

• Publication date : 2008/02/12

Conference update: Amsterdam

The IIR co-sponsored 11th European Cold Chain Education Program, an IIR-co-sponsored event, will be held in Amsterdam on February 25-26, 2008. The theme is "Back to basics: safe, efficient and profitable cold storage and distribution". The event...

• Publication date : 2008/01/25

IIR Working Group on the Cold Chain in Warm Countries appoints a new chairperson

Newly appointed chairperson, Halima Thraya, will oversee and coordinate the various efforts and projects carried out by the Working Group.

• Publication date : 2015/06/03

EU project SuperSmart comes to a close: What have we learnt?

Funded by the European Union Horizon 2020 Research and Innovation Programme, the EU SuperSmart project was launched in February 2016 and recently came to an end. Want to know how to reduce energy consumption in the food retail sector?… SuperSmart...

• Publication date : 2019/02/25

Conference update: Amsterdam

The theme of the IIR-co-sponsored 11th European Cold Chain Education Program is Back to Basics; safe, efficient and profitable cold storage and distribution. Register now for this event to be held on February 25-26, 2008:

• Publication date : 2007/11/20

News from IIR members: Danfoss & LOGSTOR

Danfoss and LOGSTOR establish alliance to market and offer energy-efficient district cooling solutions. They have now joined forces to apply their technologies and expertise in the district cooling sector. Together with selected industry partners...

• Publication date : 2009/08/13

Conference update: Amsterdam

With "Explore the future: Green, lean, and cost-effective cold storage and distribution operations" as theme, the 12th European Cold Chain Logistics Education Program & Trade Show is to be held on January 26-27, 2009 in Amsterdam. This event...

• Publication date : 2008/10/25

News from IIR members: Sofrigam

The number of drugs (e.g. targeted therapies, new vaccines, anti-diabetic drugs and blood derivatives) transported and kept at a controlled temperature is growing rapidly and these products are increasingly sensitive to temperature variations. In...

• Publication date : 2008/08/12

Member news: Automated order-pickup kiosks use containers from Carrier Transicold

Member news: grocery kiosks are being set up in Estonia. The CO2 refrigeration system is supplied by Carrier Transicold. 

• Publication date : 2021/04/29

Best Wishes 2021!

The IIR wishes you all the best for the new year!

• Publication date : 2021/01/07

Briefs: CERTE Sub-Commission meeting

The annual meeting of Sub-Commission (SC) D2 on Refrigerated Transport (CERTE), which took place in Prague, Czech Republic, was the occasion to discuss numerous technical questions on tests. It was decided to enlarge the scope of the SC and...

• Publication date : 2008/08/12

The IJR is 30!

The IJR is celebrating its 30th birthday! The first issue was published on May 1, 1978. In his first Editorial, the first Editor-in-Chief, Professor G. G. Haselden, University of Leeds, UK, spoke about the spirit, concept, and aims of the new...

• Publication date : 2008/05/13

Cryogenic nitrogen in the food and beverage industry

The adoption of cryogenic processes in the food and beverage industry is predominantly driven by liquid nitrogen (LIN), and it is the preferred candidate for food chilling and...

• Last update : 2023/11/07
• Langues : French, English
• Themes : Freezing of foodstuffs

Ice cream manufacturing, environmental impact and market data

From a physico-chemical point of view, ice cream is a complex, frozen multiphase mixture. The manufacturing process includes several stages of freezing which are described in this...

• Last update : 2023/06/30
• Langues : French, English
• Themes : Ice creams

Cryogenics in the pharmaceutical industry: drug design and bioavailability improvement

Research activities in the pharmaceutical sector focus primarily on developing novel drug formulations which can elicit the desired response upon being administered to the patient...

• Last update : 2023/03/10
• Langues : French, English
• Themes : Freeze-drying in biology and medicine, Cryobiology, cryomedicine: general information

Liquefied Natural Gas: production process and cold energy recovery

Liquefied natural gas (LNG) is natural gas that has been cooled to about -160 °C and turned into a liquid to facilitate transportation and storage. A typical LNG supply chain...

• Last update : 2023/06/23
• Langues : French, English
• Themes : LNG and LPG

Environmental impact of the ice cream industry

This summary document describes the environmental impact of ice cream manufacturing, which is mainly due to the energy consumption and refrigerants used.

• Last update : 2022/11/17
• Langues : French, English
• Themes : General information on environment (climate change, ozone depletion…)