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VAV box duct design.

• Author(s) : TAYLOR S. T.
• Publication date: 2017/03
• Languages : English
• Keywords : Variable volume, Building, Ventilation, Design, Recommendation, Air, Duct, Life cycle, Cost, Pressure drop
• Source: ASHRAE Journal - vol. 59 - n. 3

A non-iterative balancing method for HVAC duct system.

• Author(s) : CHEN H., CAI W., WANG Q.
• Publication date: 2016/07/11
• Languages : English
• Keywords : Performance, Optimization, Modelling, Duct, Air conditioning, Air distribution
• Source: 2016 Purdue Conferences. 4^th International High Performance Buildings Conference at Purdue.
• Formats : PDF

IIR document

Performance comparisons for variable-speed ductless and single-speed ducted residential heat pumps.

• Author(s) : CHEUNG H., BRAUN J. E.
• Publication date: 2014/11
• Languages : English
• Keywords : Comparison, Variable speed, Heat pump, Performance, Duct
• Source: International Journal of Refrigeration - Revue Internationale du Froid - vol. 47
• Formats : PDF

Full surface heat transfer characteristics of rotor ventilation duct of a turbine generator.

• Author(s) : YOO W., JEON S., SON C., et al.
• Publication date: 2016/02/05
• Languages : English
• Keywords : Generator, Ventilation, Heat transfer, Cooling, Performance, Duct, Flow
• Source: Applied Thermal Engineering - vol. 94

Thermal comfort study of a building equipped with thermoelectric air duct system for tropical climate.

• Author(s) : IRSHAD K., HABIB K., BASRAWI F., et al.
• Publication date: 2015/12/05
• Languages : English
• Keywords : Economy, Building, Thermoelectricity, Air, Duct, Thermal comfort
• Source: Applied Thermal Engineering - vol. 91

Study on flow and heat transfer in a finned internal cooling duct.

• Author(s) : QIU Q., DU X., ZHU X., et al.
• Publication date: 2017/02/25
• Languages : English
• Keywords : Finned tube, Gas turbine, Heat transfer, Duct, Expérimentation, Forced convection
• Source: Applied Thermal Engineering - vol. 113

IIR document

Experimental investigation on ducted hot aisle containment system for racks cooling of data center.

• Author(s) : ZHAN B., SHAO S., LIN M., ZHANG H., TIAN C., ZHOU Y.
• Publication date: 2021/07
• Languages : English
• Keywords : Data centre, Expérimentation, Cooling capacity, Duct, Chilled water, Containment
• Source: International Journal of Refrigeration - Revue Internationale du Froid - vol. 127
• Formats : PDF

On the use of Irwin probes to measure wall shear stresse in rectangular ducts of constant section.

• Author(s) : FARIA R., FERREIRA A. D., LOPES A. M. G., et al.
• Publication date: 2016/05/03
• Languages : English
• Keywords : Friction, Probe, Performance, Pressure, Duct, Expérimentation, Flow
• Source: CYTEF 2016. VIII Congreso Ibérico y VI Congreso Iberoamericano de las Ciencias y Técnicas del Frío, Coimbra-Portugal, 3-6 mayo, 2016.
• Formats : PDF

IIR document

Thermally developing flow of Al2O3-water nanofluid through regular N-sided polygonal ducts: A semi-analytic weighted residuals approach.

• Author(s) : AREFMANESH A., ABBASIAN ARANI A. A., NIROUMAND A.
• Publication date: 2017/06
• Languages : English
• Keywords : Comparison, Heat transfer, Nusselt, Nanofluid, Duct, Flow
• Source: International Journal of Refrigeration - Revue Internationale du Froid - vol. 78
• Formats : PDF

Design and development of Arduino controlled self balancing duct cleaning robot: a case study.

• Author(s) : ADHIKARY P., IQBAL F., SADRI R., et al.
• Publication date: 2018/07/27
• Languages : English
• Keywords : Microtechnology, Automation, Design, Air flow, Cleaning, Duct, Thermal comfort, Air conditioning
• Source: Proceedings of the International Conference on Emerging Technologies for Sustainable and Intelligent HVAC&R Systems, Kolkata, July 27-28 2018.
• Formats : PDF

A computational investigation of the effect of ground clearance in vertical ducting systems - ASHRAE RP-1743.

• Author(s) : MAULIK R., SAN O., BACH C. K.
• Publication date: 2018/07/09
• Languages : English
• Keywords : Velocity (fluids, gases), Indoor environment, Turbulence, Reynolds, Simulation, Performance, Duct, Testing
• Source: 2018 Purdue Conferences. 17^th International Refrigeration and Air-Conditioning Conference at Purdue.
• Formats : PDF

IIR document

The effects of wall curvature and adverse pressure gradient on air ducts in HVAC systems using turbulent entropy generation analysis.

• Author(s) : TAHERI A., BAK KHOSHNEVIS A., LAKZIAN E.
• Publication date: 2020/05
• Languages : English
• Keywords : Air conditioning, Duct, Wall, Entropy, Turbulence, Modelling, Expérimentation, Thermodynamic property
• Source: International Journal of Refrigeration - Revue Internationale du Froid - vol. 113
• Formats : PDF

Effect of inlet duct and damper design on fan performance and static pressure measurements (ASHRAE 1743 RP).

• Author(s) : HOSSAIN M. Y., BACH C. K., SAN O.
• Publication date: 2018/07/09
• Languages : English
• Keywords : Standardization, Fan, Design, Temperature, Performance, Duct, Expérimentation, Testing, Mobile equipment, Air conditioning
• Source: 2018 Purdue Conferences. 17^th International Refrigeration and Air-Conditioning Conference at Purdue.
• Formats : PDF

IIR document

Numerical and experimental analysis of the air flow distribution in the cooling duct of a display cabinet.

• Author(s) : MARINETTI S., CAVAZZINI G., LAURI I., et al.
• Publication date: 2014/06
• Languages : English
• Keywords : Refrigerating system, Commercial application, Display cabinet, Simulation, Duct, Expérimentation, Case study, Air distribution
• Source: International Journal of Refrigeration - Revue Internationale du Froid - vol. 42
• Formats : PDF

Flow boiling heat transfer and pressure drop characteristics of R1234yf in a dimpled flat duct.

• Author(s) : GAO Y., FENG Y., TANG K., HRNJAK P.
• Publication date: 2021/05
• Languages : English
• Keywords : R1234yf, Heat exchanger, Thermodynamic property, Flow boiling, Heat transfer, Pressure drop, Duct, Test room, Expérimentation
• Source: 2021 Purdue Conferences. 18^th International Refrigeration and Air-Conditioning Conference at Purdue.
• Formats : PDF

Refrigeration education!

"Eat Smart and Be Smart" is the slogan of the social marketing campaign that was launched in Barbados on July 12, 2005 by the Barbados Ministry of Education in collaboration with the Pan American Health Organisation (PAHO). The aim of the campaign...

• Publication date : 2005/09/30

12th European Cold Chain Logistics Education Program

The 12th European Cold Chain Logistics Educational Seminar was held on January 26-27, 2009 in Amsterdam, the Netherlands. This is a yearly two-day event under the patronage of the Global Cold Chain Alliance. GCCA unites four organizations, namely:...

• Publication date : 2009/02/12

Counterfeit refrigerants: DuPont introduces new anti-counterfeit label

DuPont will use the label as part of a new multi-faceted anti-counterfeiting initiative using many technologies

• Publication date : 2012/06/28

Frozen produces less CO2 emissions than chilled food

A scientific report by Bristol-based Refrigeration Developments and Testing Ltd. suggests that frozen food emits less CO2 emissions than chilled food, contrary to popular belief.

• Publication date : 2012/12/19

Automated order picking of fresh produce at Eroski

Eroski has become the first supermarket chain in Spain to automate its fresh produce order picking.

• Publication date : 2013/04/02

New technology to reduce emissions and save energy

In November 2004, Eddie Woods, founder of Meeko2004, an organization working in coordination with Oklahoma State University to bring new technology to the air-conditioning industry, announced that a new patent-pending technology aimed at reducing...

• Publication date : 2004/12/22

Markets: Reduced cooling and heating might improve health

Results of a study performed by Berkeley Lab. - a US Department of Energy national laboratory - suggest that operating buildings in ways designed to save energy - with indoor temperatures slightly cooler in winter and warmer in summer - does more...

• Publication date : 2009/05/18

Out of ordinary: Cool Cows Produce More Milk

Cows placed in air-conditioned conditions have been shown to produce 10% more milk. It is also claimed that cows suffer from heat stress at temperatures as low as 22°C. This puts particular pressure on cows raised in hot places such as Israel, but...

• Publication date : 2007/02/12

The 8th IARW/WFLO European Education Programme: RFID tagging

RFID tagging and traceability in refrigerated warehouses will be an important subject addressed during of the 8th IAWR/WFLO European Education Programme held in Brussels on February 28 and March 1, 2005. Representatives from food retail and...

• Publication date : 2004/12/22

Briefs: Mahindra introduces Hy-Alfa hydrogen-powered three-wheeler

Three-wheeled vehicles are common on the streets in India. However, these vehicles are generally either human-powered or they run on gasoline, often using highly polluting two-stroke motors. Mahindra, a major vehicle manufacturer in India, has its...

• Publication date : 2010/03/07

Newly introduced Synthetic Greenhouse Gas Levy in New-Zealand

On July 1, 2013 the Synthetic Greenhouse Gas (SGG) Levy entered into force in New Zealand and applies to a range of goods including freezers, fridges and air conditioners.

• Publication date : 2013/08/20

Fluorocarbon producers join the Mobile Air Conditioning Climate Protection Partnership

On June 29, 2004, the fluorocarbon producers Atofina, DuPont, INEOS Fluor, Honeywell, Solvay and the JFMA, announced that they will provide 300 000 US dollars to help fund the Mobile Air Conditioning Climate Protection Partnership, which includes...

• Publication date : 2004/09/14

China receives 265 million USD from the Multilateral Fund to reduce HCFC use

During its 64th meeting in Montreal, Canada, from July 25 to 29, 2011, the Executive Committee of the Multilateral Fund (MLF) – a  financial body established to help developing countries meet their Montreal Protocol commitments – has assessed...

• Publication date : 2011/08/16

Shipping fresh produce overseas is a key business for airlines operating out of Los Angeles

For companies shipping fruit and vegetables by air from the West Coast of the USA to high-end supermarkets and restaurants in Europe, Asia and the Middle East, the overarching rule is: Never break the cold chain.

• Publication date : 2013/05/14

Refrigerant news: Hillary Clinton announced the Climate and Clean Air Coalition to Reduce Short-Lived Climate Pollutants

US Secretary of State Hillary Clinton announced on February 16, 2012, the Climate and Clean Air Coalition to Reduce Short-Lived Climate Pollutants

• Publication date : 2012/07/09
• Subjects: Environment, General information

Conference: Auckland

The IIR Conference Innovative Equipment and Systems for Comfort and Food Preservation took place in Auckland, New Zealand, on February 16-19, 2006. It was co-organized with IRHACE (Institute of Refrigeration, Heating and Air-Conditioning...

• Publication date : 2006/05/05

IIR Conference: Auckland

Innovative Equipment and Systems for Comfort and Food Preservation , an IIR conference, will be held in Auckland, New Zealand, on February 16-18, 2006. Deadlines: June 1, 2005 for abstracts and September 16, 2005 for papers. December 9, 2005:...

• Publication date : 2005/06/14

Three educational and awareness-raising events within the framework of INDEE+ project in 2021

For the INDEE+ project, the end of the year 2021 was marked by several educational events aiming to raise awareness of the application of clean cooling systems offered by the CO2/R744 refrigeration...

• Publication date : 2022/01/28

INDEE+ Project: Norwegian R744 condensing units arrived in India for educational purposes

Three R744 condensing units were sent to India by Prof. Armin Hafner (NTNU, Norway)  to educate Indian institutions, end-users and vendors on clean cooling technologies, with the aim of helping India meet...

• Publication date : 2021/12/15

Continued IIR commitment to reduce refrigerant emissions

This week at UNESCO headquarter in Paris, the IIR is attending the Joint 10th Meeting of the Conference of the Parties to the Vienna Convention and the 26th Meeting of the Parties to the Montreal Protocol.

• Publication date : 2014/11/19
• Subjects: Regulation, HFCs alternatives

Daikin launches educational initiative on next-generation refrigerants

Daikin Comfort Technologies partners with the ESCO Institute to prepare the HVAC industry for the use of low global warming potential refrigerants.

• Publication date : 2024/10/25
• Subjects: HFCs alternatives

Member news: Koura introduces new refrigerant for air conditioning

Refrigerant manufacturer Koura recently introduced R468C, a refrigerant that could replace R410A in air conditioning systems.  

• Publication date : 2022/10/27
• Subjects: HFCs alternatives

Member News: Daikin partners with Fujifilm to reduce noise from some of its ventilation/humidification units

The Japanese company Daikin will soon use a new technology to reduce noise in some of its ventilation and humidification units. 

• Publication date : 2022/02/28

The Norwegian Royal Ambassy visit to INDEE+ educational unit in IIT Madras

To acknowledge the efforts of INDEE+, the Norwegian Ambassador Hans Jacob Frydenlund, Arvind Gopinath (Honorary Consul), Ms. Marit Marie Strand (Advisor), Mr. Vivek (Senior Advisor) and other team members...

• Publication date : 2022/09/28

Supercooling and superchilling: A solution to increased shelf life and reduced food waste?

If these technologies were combined with perfusion chilling for meat and fish, then additional benefits such as rapid cooling, low weight loss and novel products could result.

• Publication date : 2015/10/27

Member news: Daikin introduces EWYS-4Z: High-Efficiency Cooling and Heating Solution for Industrial and Commercial Needs

The polyvalent EWYS-4Z cooling and heating unit, which runs on R513A, is designed for superior energy efficiency and reduced noise for industrial and commercial applications. 

• Publication date : 2024/08/01

Press release: The International Institute of Refrigeration produces five Cold Chain Technology Briefs in partnership with UN Environment OzonAction

The IIR commissioned several of its experts in their capacity as presidents of an IIR section, an IIR commission and as an IIR member to produce five Cold Chain Technology Briefs in partnership with UN Environment OzonAction.

• Publication date : 2018/01/25

New IIR Informatory Note on The Role of Refrigeration in the Global Economy

In its latest Informatory Note, the IIR highlights the major and growing role of the refrigeration industry in the global economy, particularly in the areas of food, health, energy and the environment. It calls on policy makers to consider this...

• Publication date : 2019/08/29
• Subjects: Figures, economy

Upcoming conferences: Innovative Equipment and Systems for Comfort and Food Preservation

Innovative Equipment and Systems for Comfort and Food Preservation, an IIR Conference, will be held in Auckland, New Zealand on February 16-19, 2006. Keynote speakers: James Braun, Robert Heap, Forbes Pearson, Satish Kandlikar and Paul Waide....

• Publication date : 2006/01/28

Commission C2: paving the way on food science & engineering

Coordinated by the Science and Technology Council, Commission C2 focuses on research and breakthrough technologies related to food science and engineering.

• Publication date : 2015/04/01

Liquefied Natural Gas: production process and cold energy recovery

Liquefied natural gas (LNG) is natural gas that has been cooled to about -160 °C and turned into a liquid to facilitate transportation and storage. A typical LNG supply chain...

• Last update : 2023/06/23
• Langues : French, English
• Themes : LNG and LPG

Nanorefrigerants

Nanorefrigerants are created by adding nanoparticles in suspension to a base refrigerant. They have a thermal conductivity that is 15% to 104% higher than that of the corresponding...

• Last update : 2022/06/17
• Langues : English, French
• Themes : Nanofluids

Hydrocarbon refrigerants

Hydrocarbons such as R290 (propane), R600a (isobutane) or R1270 (propene/propylene) are low GWP non-toxic natural refrigerants with excellent thermodynamic properties. They offer an...

• Last update : 2022/06/22
• Langues : French, English
• Themes : Hydrocarbons, Containment, refrigerant charge reduction

Cryogenic nitrogen in the food and beverage industry

The adoption of cryogenic processes in the food and beverage industry is predominantly driven by liquid nitrogen (LIN), and it is the preferred candidate for food chilling and...

• Last update : 2023/11/07
• Langues : French, English
• Themes : Freezing of foodstuffs

Additive manufacturing of regenerators for caloric cooling

In many areas of engineering, additive manufacturing allows the production of complex and multifunctional products that could not be manufactured using traditional methods. In the...

• Last update : 2022/09/16
• Langues : French, English
• Themes : Caloric cooling (magnetocaloric, electrocaloric, elastocaloric and barocaloric cooling)

Cold storage conditions for fruits and vegetables

Practical recommendations for the cold storage of over 200 cultivars of fruits, vegetables and herbs (storage temperatures, relative humidity, storage time, controlled atmosphere...

• Last update : 2023/01/16
• Langues : French, English
• Themes : Fruit, Vegetables

Cryogenics in the pharmaceutical industry: drug design and bioavailability improvement

Research activities in the pharmaceutical sector focus primarily on developing novel drug formulations which can elicit the desired response upon being administered to the patient...

• Last update : 2023/03/10
• Langues : French, English
• Themes : Freeze-drying in biology and medicine, Cryobiology, cryomedicine: general information

Additive manufacturing of heat exchangers

In the refrigeration industry, additive manufacturing (colloquially referred to as “3D printing”) makes it possible to fabricate novel, complex and potentially more energy efficient...

• Last update : 2022/09/07
• Langues : French, English
• Themes : Evaporators, condensers and other heat exchangers

Ice cream manufacturing, environmental impact and market data

From a physico-chemical point of view, ice cream is a complex, frozen multiphase mixture. The manufacturing process includes several stages of freezing which are described in this...

• Last update : 2023/06/30
• Langues : French, English
• Themes : Ice creams

Environmental impact of the ice cream industry

This summary document describes the environmental impact of ice cream manufacturing, which is mainly due to the energy consumption and refrigerants used.

• Last update : 2022/11/17
• Langues : French, English
• Themes : General information on environment (climate change, ozone depletion…)