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IIR document

Flow characteristics of tetra-n-butyl ammonium bromide clathrate hydrate slurry in 90° elbow pipe.

• Author(s) : SHI X. J., ZHANG P.
• Publication date: 2015/08/16
• Languages : English
• Source: Proceedings of the 24th IIR International Congress of Refrigeration: Yokohama, Japan, August 16-22, 2015.
• Formats : PDF

IIR document

Numerical simulation on the flow behavior of ice slurry in piping systems.

• Author(s) : LIU S., HAO L.
• Publication date: 2015/08/16
• Languages : English
• Source: Proceedings of the 24th IIR International Congress of Refrigeration: Yokohama, Japan, August 16-22, 2015.
• Formats : PDF

Numerical model of two-phase refrigerant flow distribution in a plate evaporator with distributors.

• Author(s) : HU H., ZHANG R., ZHUANG D., et al.
• Publication date: 2015/01
• Languages : English
• Source: Applied Thermal Engineering - vol. 75

Review of methods and research status of noise reduction of refrigerator compressor.

• Author(s) : CUI Y., HE D., ZHAI X., et al.
• Publication date: 2017/07/20
• Languages : English
• Source: 8th international conference on compressors and refrigeration, 2017.
• Formats : PDF

Heat transfer of a U-bend in a cross flow of air at different angles of incidence.

• Author(s) : FANG L., HARRIS D. K., GOLDSCHMIDT V. W.
• Publication date: 2000/09
• Languages : English
• Keywords : Geometry, Tube, Heat transfer, Air, Elbow
• Source: International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer - vol. 43 - n. 17

Pressure loss coefficient measurements of two close-coupled HVAC elbows.

• Author(s) : MYLARAM N. K., IDEM S.
• Publication date: 2005/01
• Languages : English
• Source: HVAC&R Research - vol. 11 - n. 1

IIR document

Melting characteristics of fine particle ice slurry at the return bend of flow path.

• Author(s) : KAWANAMI T., YAMADA M., FUKUSAKO S.
• Publication date: 2001/05/16
• Languages : English
• Keywords : Ice slurry, Measurement, Heat transfer, Flow, Elbow, Melting, Change of phase
• Source: Proceedings of the third IIR Workshop on Ice Slurries.
• Formats : PDF

IIR document

Evaporation heat transfer for R22 and R407C refrigerant-oil mixture in a microfin tube with a U-bend.

• Author(s) : CHO K., TAE S. J.
• Publication date: 2000/05
• Languages : English
• Keywords : Heat transfer coefficient, Extended surface, Microfin tube, Measurement, Mass transfer, Tube, Heat transfer, Elbow, Boiling
• Source: International Journal of Refrigeration - Revue Internationale du Froid - vol. 23 - n. 3
• Formats : PDF

Numerical study losses in close-coupled fittings.

• Author(s) : SAMI S., CUI J.
• Publication date: 2004/10
• Languages : English
• Source: HVAC&R Research - vol. 10 - n. 4

Studies on the dynamic characteristics transfer of airflow in pipes and fittings.

• Author(s) : LIU L., SUN S. F., WANG L.
• Publication date: 2008/04/05
• Languages : English
• Source: Cryogenics and refrigeration. Proceedings of ICCR'2008.

Problems in construction of vertical pipe ground-source heat pumps.

[In Chinese. / En chinois.]

• Author(s) : HUANG W., ZHANG W.
• Publication date: 2013/01
• Languages : Chinese
• Source: HV & AC - vol. 43 - n. 273
• Formats : PDF

Analysis of effect caused by fitting in the measurements of flow in air conditioning system.

• Author(s) : GALLEGOS-MUÑOZ A., UZÁRRAGA RODRÍGUEZ N.C., BELMAN-FLORES J. M., et al.
• Publication date: 2012/02
• Languages : English
• Source: Applied Thermal Engineering - vol. 33-34

IIR document

Experimental study on flow and pressure drop of ice slurry for various pipes.

• Author(s) : LEE D. W., YOON C. I., YOON E. S., et al.
• Publication date: 2002/05/30
• Languages : English
• Source: Proceedings of the 5th Workshop on Ice Slurries of the IIR.
• Formats : PDF

Experimental study on in-tube condensation of R290.

[In Chinese. / En chinois.]

• Author(s) : NAN X. H., INFANTE FERREIRA C. A., GUO Y. J., et al.
• Publication date: 2003/09
• Languages : Chinese
• Source: Journal of Refrigeration - vol. 24 - n. 97
• Formats : PDF

IIR document

Pressure drops and loss coefficients of a phase change material slurry in pipe fittings.

• Author(s) : MA Z. W., ZHANG P.
• Publication date: 2012/06
• Languages : English
• Source: International Journal of Refrigeration - Revue Internationale du Froid - vol. 35 - n. 4
• Formats : PDF

Green buildings: Melbourne

Melbourne's new state-of-the-art Convention Centre has received the world's first 6-Star Green Star environmental rating for a convention centre. The award was given by the Green Building Council of Australia (GBCA) in recognition of the centre's...

• Publication date : 2008/07/11

Chicago Spire skyscraper

The Chicago Spire skyscraper is to be built in Chicago, USA. The 7-sided tapering, twisting tower was designed by the Spanish architect Santiago Calatrava. The 150-floor 278 709 m² building is being developed by Garrett Kelleher of Shelbourne...

• Publication date : 2008/01/23

Briefs: Axima Refrigeration GmbH

A new giant is born: Axima Refrigeration GmbH of Lindau, Germany, Smardt Inc. of Montreal, Canada, and PowerPax of Melbourne, Australia have joined forces to market Turbocor oil-free compressors. The giant consortium will supply major companies...

• Publication date : 2006/07/26

Trends and Figures: HVAC&R Industry is big in Australia

A new Cold Hard Facts report makes up for the lack of previous data concerning the Australian HVAC&R industry and reveals the crucial importance of the sector in the national economy. For instance, the study values the direct spending of the...

• Publication date : 2008/05/13

Briefs: Electronic air conditioning

David Sattler, from Sattler Consulting, a Melbourne-based firm (Australia) was awarded an AUD 80000 federal government grant to further his work on a new type of air conditioner, allowing for large cooling effects (and a heating potential) with...

• Publication date : 2011/02/11

Briefs: Water savings thanks to hybrid condensers

Hybrid condensers offer significant water savings versus traditional water-cooled and evaporative condensers. They also make it possible to reduce energy consumption and refrigerant charge. In Australia, where water savings are a major issue since...

• Publication date : 2007/08/05

AUD 500 million to improve air-conditioning in New South Wales’ schools

The New South Wales Government has announced its intention to invest AUD 500 million to improve air-conditioning in more than 1,000 schools across the Australian state over the next five years.

• Publication date : 2018/08/15

Out of the Ordinary: Veuve Clicquot fridge

If you like keeping your champagne cool and classy, the Veuve Clicquot "fridge" is just what you need: Denis Boulard has designed a luxury insulated "fridge" - yellow for Brut Carte Jaune, pink for rosé. The packaging keeps the bottle cool for 2...

• Publication date : 2011/02/07

Sound waves to chill ice cream

On April 15, 2004, Earth Day, Ben & Jerry's announced the development of an environmentally friendly thermoacoustic chilling prototype. Following a company-wide audit of Ben & Jerry's refrigeration uses and its impact on the environment,...

• Publication date : 2004/07/27

Sound waves to chill ice cream

On April 15, 2004: "Earth Day", Ben & Jerry's ice-cream producers announced the development of an environmentally friendly thermoacoustic chilling prototype. Following a company-wide audit of Ben & Jerry's refrigeration uses and its impact...

• Publication date : 2004/05/25

Noah's Frozen Ark

British scientists announced on July 27, 2004, that they were going to freeze endangered species to conserve their DNA in the hope of being able to "resuscitate" them one day thanks to cloning. The project, called the "Frozen Ark", is in fact the...

• Publication date : 2004/09/14

ASRE Stamps Commissioned for Refrigeration Appreciation Week

As part of the centennial celebration of The American Society of Refrigerating Engineers (ASRE) and ASHRAE's 2005 Winter Meeting in Orlando, Florida, Mayor Buddy Dyer has signed a proclamation designating the week of meeting, February 5-9, 2005,...

• Publication date : 2004/12/22

World AC and compressor trends

In its recent report, JARN estimates that the HVAC&R market in 2006 was about 66 billion USD and about half of sales were air conditioners and related products. - Regarding the AC market, China, the US, Japan and major European countries make...

• Publication date : 2007/05/04

Always closer to absolute zero

NIST physicists have cooled a mechanical object to a temperature below the so-called “quantum limit.”

• Publication date : 2017/06/29

IPCC confirms HFO GWPs are less than 1

The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) has confirmed that both R1234yf and R1234ze(E) have global warming potentials below that of carbon dioxide.

• Publication date : 2014/02/24

Conference update: Melbourne

IIR 2008 - HVAC Energy Efficiency Best Practice Conference will be held in Melbourne on September 18-19, 2008. This cutting-edge event will cover solar air conditioning and heating of buildings, comfort and indoor environmental quality in energy...

• Publication date : 2008/08/12

Conference update: Melbourne

IR 2008 - HVAC Energy Efficiency Best Practice Conference will be held in Melbourne on September 18-19, 2008. This cutting-edge event will cover solar air conditioning and heating of buildings, comfort and indoor environmental quality in energy...

• Publication date : 2008/02/12

Conference update: Melbourne

IIR 2008 - HVAC Energy Efficiency Best Practice Conference will be held in Melbourne on September 18-19, 2008. This cutting-edge event will cover solar air conditioning and heating of buildings, comfort and indoor environmental quality in energy...

• Publication date : 2008/05/13

International events: HVAC

An IIR event, HVAC Energy Efficiency Best Practice Conference, was organized in Melbourne by AIRAH (Australian Institute of Refrigeration, Air Conditioning and Heating), on September 17-19, 2008. Various topics were covered: the rating of energy...

• Publication date : 2008/10/25

Obituary: Pega Hrnjak

The IIR is deeply saddened to learn that Professor Predrag (Pega) Hrnjak passed away on August 31, 2022, at the age of 70.

• Publication date : 2022/09/02

News from IIR members: Freezcube

FreezCube, developed by Playcube, corporate member of the IIR based in France, has been awarded the Gold Medal at Concours Lépine 2010. FreezCube is a simple monitoring device which provides useful information related to the safety of frozen foods...

• Publication date : 2011/02/07

Corporate members: news

Founded in 2003, Playcube SARL, a new IIR corporate member based in France, has developed FreezCube, a simple monitoring device which provides useful information related to the safety of frozen foods stored in freezers: FreezCube confirms that the...

• Publication date : 2008/06/05

4th IIR Conference on Thermophysical Properties and Transfer Process of Refrigerants: a very successful event

The 4th IIR Conference on Thermophysical Properties and Transfer Process of Refrigerants (TPTPR) was held at TU Delft, the Netherlands, on June 16-19, 2013. 4 keynote lectures and 66 papers were presented during this highy successful...

• Publication date : 2013/08/12

Get your abstract in now for the Gustav Lorentzen Natural Working Fluids Conference

Get your abstract in now for the Gustav Lorentzen Natural Working Fluids Conference     To present a paper at this leading conference you need to submit an abstract by the 1st October. The conference takes...

• Publication date : 2015/09/10

ACES Inaugural Conference: “The Hot Reality: Living in a +50°C World”

The Africa Centre of Excellence for Sustainable Cooling and Cold Chain (ACES) hosted a series of events from 17 to 19 October 2023, at ACES headquarters at Rubirizi Campus in Kigali, Rwanda. 

• Publication date : 2023/11/28

Obituary : Gerald Groff

Gerald Groff, former President of Section E and very active in the IIR died on September 15.

• Publication date : 2019/09/30

A sneak preview of ICR2015 Highlights

The 25th International Congress of Refrigeration ended on Saturday, August 22nd proving to be more successful than ever with 1186 conference delegates from 55 countries, 11 tracks and 900 sessions.

• Publication date : 2015/08/26

Press release: The International Institute of Refrigeration appoints Professor Judith Evans as new president of Commission C2

The International Institute of Refrigeration (IIR) is proud to announce the appointment of Judith Evans, Professor at London South Bank University, as the new president of IIR Commission C2 on food science and engineering.

• Publication date : 2016/07/12

15th IIR-Gustav Lorentzen Conference, June 13-15, 2022: the detailed programme is now available!

The detailed program of the 15th IIR Gustav Lorentzen Conference on Natural Refrigerants is now available online.

• Publication date : 2022/05/16
• Subjects: HFCs alternatives

Press release: The International Institute of Refrigeration Creates a New Working Group on Careers in Refrigeration

The International Institute of Refrigeration (IIR) is delighted to announce its new Working Group on Careers in Refrigeration “CaRe”, chaired by Dr Catarina Marques.

• Publication date : 2016/08/09

Hydrocarbon refrigerants

Hydrocarbons such as R290 (propane), R600a (isobutane) or R1270 (propene/propylene) are low GWP non-toxic natural refrigerants with excellent thermodynamic properties. They offer an...

• Last update : 2022/06/22
• Langues : French, English
• Themes : Hydrocarbons, Containment, refrigerant charge reduction

For IIR members only

Global cold storage capacity

This table presents the cold storage capacity in about 50 countries, based on data from the Global Cold Chain Alliance (GCCA).

• Last update : 2021/12/06
• Langues : English
• Themes : Refrigerated storage: economics and statistics

Thermophysical properties of HFC refrigerants

Thermophysical properties of over 100 HFC refrigerants, including single-component and blends.

• Last update : 2022/06/17
• Langues : English
• Themes : HFCs, Blends, HFO et HCFO

Thermophysical properties of HFO refrigerants

Thermophysical properties of over 50 HFO refrigerants, including single-component and blends.

• Last update : 2022/06/17
• Langues : English
• Themes : Blends, HFO et HCFO

Thermophysical properties of hydrocarbon refrigerants

Thermophysical properties of over 20 hydrocarbon refrigerants, including single-component and blends.

• Last update : 2022/06/17
• Langues : English
• Themes : Hydrocarbons, Blends

Cold storage conditions for fruits and vegetables

Practical recommendations for the cold storage of over 200 cultivars of fruits, vegetables and herbs (storage temperatures, relative humidity, storage time, controlled atmosphere...

• Last update : 2023/01/16
• Langues : French, English
• Themes : Fruit, Vegetables

Global warming potential (GWP) of HFC refrigerants

Using the latest updated data from UNEP’s RTOC 2022 report, we have compiled the 100-year GWP and 20-year GWP values of hydrofluorocarbon-based (HFC) refrigerants. Our table includes...

• Last update : 2023/09/15
• Langues : French, English
• Themes : HFCs

Additive manufacturing of regenerators for caloric cooling

In many areas of engineering, additive manufacturing allows the production of complex and multifunctional products that could not be manufactured using traditional methods. In the...

• Last update : 2022/09/16
• Langues : French, English
• Themes : Caloric cooling (magnetocaloric, electrocaloric, elastocaloric and barocaloric cooling)

Liquefied Natural Gas: production process and cold energy recovery

Liquefied natural gas (LNG) is natural gas that has been cooled to about -160 °C and turned into a liquid to facilitate transportation and storage. A typical LNG supply chain...

• Last update : 2023/06/23
• Langues : French, English
• Themes : LNG and LPG