Search results

IIR document

Multi-objective (Carbon-Exergy) optimization study of CO2 cascade systems using multiple refrigerant pairs.

• Author(s) : HU K., ZHANG Y., LIU Z., HU Y., SUN H., SUN Z., NING J.
• Publication date: 2024/08
• Languages : English
• Keywords : Cascade system, R744, R134a, R290, Propane, Modelling, Optimization, CO2 emission, Exergy
• Source: International Journal of Refrigeration - Revue Internationale du Froid - vol. 164
• Formats : PDF

IIR document

Energy, exergy and economic analysis of a vacuum belt drying system integrated with mechanical vapor recompression (MVR) for aqueous extracts drying.

• Author(s) : XU P., ZHANG Z., PENG X., YANG J., ZHANG H., WANG Y., LI X., YUAN T., JIA X.
• Publication date: 2023/01
• Languages : English
• Keywords : Drying, Mechanical vapour compression, Vacuum pump, Energy saving, Exergy, Energy consumption, Modelling, Plant (botany)
• Source: International Journal of Refrigeration - Revue Internationale du Froid - vol. 145
• Formats : PDF

Eksergija kao mera održivosti energatskog sistema.

Exergy as mesure of sustainability of energy system.

• Author(s) : NOVAK P.
• Publication date: 2016/12
• Languages : English
• Keywords : Sustainability, Renewable energy, Exergy, Energy, Measurement
• Source: 47^th International HVAC&R Congress and Exhibition.
• Formats : PDF

Comparaison énergétique et exergétique de systèmes de dessalement.

Energy and exergy comparison between desalination systems.

• Author(s) : BYRNE P., DIABY A. T., SARRAY Y., et al.
• Publication date: 2016/03/24
• Languages : French
• Keywords : Reverse osmosis, Exergy, Energy, Performance, Solar energy, Desalination, Distillation
• Source: 1st International Refrigeration, Energy and Environment Colloquium. Proceedings: Hammamet, Tunisia, March 24-27, 2016.
• Formats : PDF

IIR document

Exergy analysis of adsorption cooling system.

• Author(s) : CAO N. V., KWON O. K., CHUNG J. D.
• Publication date: 2018/06/18
• Languages : English
• Keywords : Exergy, Silica gel, Energy, CFD, Adsorption system, Modelling
• Source: 13^th IIR Gustav Lorentzen Conference on Natural Refrigerants (GL2018). Proceedings. Valencia, Spain, June 18-20th 2018.
• Formats : PDF

IIR document

Exergy-based methods for air separation.

• Author(s) : TESCH S., MOROZUK T., TSATSARONIS G.
• Publication date: 2017/05/15
• Languages : English
• Keywords : Gas, Exergy, Economy, Air, Separation, Production, Modelling, Expérimentation, Environment
• Source: Cryogenics 2017. Proceedings of the 14^th IIR International Conference: Dresden, Germany, Mai 15-19, 2017.
• Formats : PDF

Eksergetska optimizacija zgrada sa razlicitim solarnim sistemima.

Exergy optimization of buildings with different solar systems.

• Author(s) : NIKOLIC D., RADULOVIC J., SKERLIC J.
• Publication date: 2016/12
• Languages : English
• Keywords : Solar collector, Exergy, Simulation, Photovoltaic panel, Optimization, Residential building
• Source: 47^th International HVAC&R Congress and Exhibition.
• Formats : PDF

IIR document

Energy and exergy investigation of ejector refrigeration systems using retrograde refrigerants.

• Author(s) : ELDAKAMAWY M.H., SORIN M. V., BROUILLETTE M.
• Publication date: 2017/06
• Languages : English
• Keywords : Exergy, Energy, Ejector system, Modelling, Refrigerant
• Source: International Journal of Refrigeration - Revue Internationale du Froid - vol. 78
• Formats : PDF

IIR document

The exergy analysis of NGE-MR natural gas liquefaction process.

• Author(s) : WANG X., WU J., MENG X., et al.
• Publication date: 2015/08/16
• Languages : English
• Keywords : Exergy, Liquefaction, Optimization, Modelling, Natural gas, Liquefied gas
• Source: Proceedings of the 24th IIR International Congress of Refrigeration: Yokohama, Japan, August 16-22, 2015.
• Formats : PDF

Energy and exergy analysis of a combined ground source heat pump system.

• Author(s) : ÖZTÜRK M.
• Publication date: 2014/12
• Languages : English
• Keywords : Exergy, Energy, Efficiency, Ground, Heat pump, Expérimentation
• Source: Applied Thermal Engineering - vol. 73 - n. 1

Energy and exergy analyses of an integrated solar heat pump system.

• Author(s) : SULEMAN F., DINCER I., AGELIN-CHAAB M.
• Publication date: 2014/12
• Languages : English
• Keywords : Exergy, Energy, Efficiency, Heat pump, Expérimentation, Solar energy
• Source: Applied Thermal Engineering - vol. 73 - n. 1

IIR document

About a more intuitive exergy efficiency calculus applied to heat pumping and working cycles and other basic aspects issued thereof.

• Author(s) : STAICOVICI M. D. N.
• Publication date: 2018/06/18
• Languages : English
• Keywords : Thermodynamics, Exergy, Ammonia, Modelling, Entropy
• Source: 13^th IIR Gustav Lorentzen Conference on Natural Refrigerants (GL2018). Proceedings. Valencia, Spain, June 18-20th 2018.
• Formats : PDF

Dinamicka analiza eksergije multifunkcionalne zgrade u kojoj se koriste podaci dobijeni monitoringom.

Dynamic exergy analysis of a multifonctional building using monitored data.

• Author(s) : SAYADI S., NAGHEJAHAN A., MOROSUK T., et al.
• Publication date: 2016/12
• Languages : English
• Keywords : Germany, Exergy, Energy balance, Commercial building, Performance, Case study, Air conditioning
• Source: 47^th International HVAC&R Congress and Exhibition.
• Formats : PDF

Transient exergy destruction analysis for a vapor compression system.

• Author(s) : JAIN N., ALLEYNE A.
• Publication date: 2014/07/14
• Languages : English
• Keywords : Exergy, Vapour, Efficiency, Compression system, Simulation, Destruction, Heat exchanger, Compressor
• Source: 2014 Purdue Conferences. 15th International Refrigeration and Air-Conditioning Conference at Purdue.
• Formats : PDF

IIR document

Unsteady exergy analysis for a recycle and recovery machine.

• Author(s) : FAJAR B., PANCA D., WICAKSONO G.
• Publication date: 2018/03
• Languages : English
• Keywords : Exergy, Measurement, Maintenance, Recovery, Performance, Entropy, Destruction, Leakage, Refrigerant, Air conditioning
• Source: International Journal of Refrigeration - Revue Internationale du Froid - vol. 87
• Formats : PDF

Utility offers NYC grocery stores incentives to use energy storage for refrigeration.

To better manage the energy demand on the grid during peak times of day, a handful of grocery stores produced ice over night.

• Publication date : 2017/02/13

Cold stores safety and energy consumption

During the IIR International Congress of Refrigeration, held in Yokohama in August 2015, two valuable papers focused on cold store energy consumption and safety issues.

• Publication date : 2016/03/11

LNG cold energy recovery for salmon aquaculture

A team of Korean researchersis proposing a novel application of LNG cold energy recovery for aquaculture. 

• Publication date : 2023/02/20
• Subjects: Technology

World energy outlook

Gas is the fastest growing fossil fuel (1.8% p.a.). The global trade share of gas remains around 30%. But within that,LNG trade grows twice as fast as consumption, with LNG’s share of world demand rising from 10% in 2014 to 15% in 2035.

• Publication date : 2016/05/30
• Subjects: Figures, economy

Solar energy and solar cooling in India

The International Solar Alliance summit held in New Delhi on March 11, 2018 provided an opportunity to highlight a few figures on solar energy in India.

• Publication date : 2018/04/19
• Subjects: Developing country

EU Energy Union

The European Commission has published its strategy framework for an Energy Union, containing 15 “action points” to consolidate energy supply and to reduce energy use and related carbon emissions throughout Europe.

• Publication date : 2015/08/09
• Subjects: General information

District heating and cooling in Europe: the share of renewable energy

District heating and cooling networks continue to expand in Europe, further integrating renewables and waste heat sources. 

• Publication date : 2024/06/26
• Subjects: Figures, economy

Recent geothermal energy-based district cooling projects

In December 2023, district cooling projects using geothermal energy were launched in France and the United Arab Emirates.

• Publication date : 2024/01/25
• Subjects: Technology

Estimate of energy saved by heat pumps

All heat pumps installed in Europe in 2014 have saved 10.42 TWh of final and 4.7 TWh of primary energy.

• Publication date : 2016/02/05
• Subjects: Figures, economy

A renewable energy storage project developed by Google

Google has a new public project: storing renewable energy thanks to heat pumps so it doesn't go to waste.

• Publication date : 2018/01/18

Employment in the renewable energy sector

Employment in renewable energy sector reaches 5.7 million globally.

• Publication date : 2014/02/20
• Subjects: General information, Figures, economy

The impact of humidity on global demand for cooling energy

Recent studies have highlighted the countries most affected by the need to adapt to rising temperatures. Assessing the impact of humidity on perceived temperatures also stresses out...

• Publication date : 2023/09/25
• Subjects: General information

Reclaiming waste heat from ice rinks’ refrigeration systems to save energy

Several studies and recent cases studies show that heat recovery from the refrigeration system is the biggest energy-saving measure in ice rinks.

• Publication date : 2023/10/23
• Subjects: Technology

PCM thermal energy storage for indoor environments

During the IIR PCM 2018 conference which took place on May 21-23 in Orford, Canada, numerous applications of phase-change materials (PCMs) and slurries were presented, including in commercial refrigeration (refrigerated display cabinets), domestic...

• Publication date : 2018/06/22

Renewable energy consumption for heating and cooling in the EU

Over one fifth of energy used for heating and cooling from renewable sources in the EU.

• Publication date : 2020/04/05
• Subjects: Environment

New IIR Informatory Note on Renewable Energy

The latest IIR Informatory Note stresses that renewable energy sources can be considered practically inexhaustible and are currently the only solution for an ecological transition to clean...

• Publication date : 2023/04/26
• Subjects: Environment

New IIR Informatory Note on thermal energy storage systems

IIR’s latest Informatory Note demonstrates that a well-designed TES system can reduce energy consumption through more efficient equipment operation and lower investment costs, thus reducing the equipment...

• Publication date : 2022/01/28

Two new IIR Informatory Notes on Energy Recovery!

The IIR has just published two new Informatory Notes on energy recovery: one on Energy Recovery in Mechanical Ventilation Systems and the other one on Air-to-Air Energy Recovery Equipment. 

• Publication date : 2021/06/29

IJR Editorial: Solar energy, the energy of the future for refrigeration

Solar refrigeration should become a means of providing cleaner air conditioning and developing cold chains for food and health products where they are still deficient. We need to accompany this development while...

• Publication date : 2021/01/21

The IIR publishes two new IIR Informatory Notes on Energy Recovery!

The International Institute of Refrigeration (IIR) has just published two new Informatory Notes on energy recovery: one on Energy Recovery in Mechanical Ventilation Systems and the other one on Air-to-Air Energy...

• Publication date : 2021/07/13
• Subjects: Technology, Environment

Activities of the IIR’s Commission E2 “Heat Pumps, Energy Recovery”

Presentation of IIR Commission E2 activities by Per Lundqvist, President of Commission E2

• Publication date : 2015/05/22

Commission E2: at the forefront of heat pumps and energy recovery

Activities of the IIR’s Commission E2 “Heat Pumps, Energy Recovery”

• Publication date : 2015/07/01

CryoHub to share results of implementation of innovative energy storage technique

Register now for our Webinar on 17th March 2021 to hear from experts on how the CryoHub technology was developed and demonstrated at a refrigerated facility at Frigologix in...

• Publication date : 2021/01/27

IIR member news: Excess heat is the largest untapped energy source

In a whitepaper, IIR Benefactor member Danfoss highlights the vast untapped potential of excess heat as a source of energy.

• Publication date : 2023/03/27

Join the IIR to stay up-to-date!

The world of refrigeration is changing rapidly and must continue to accelerate its adaptation to the challenges of climate change: very low greenhouse effect refrigerants, greatly increased energy efficiency,...

• Publication date : 2021/12/15

FRIDOC now features a selection of MDPI articles on refrigeration

About 150 articles from MDPI journals, including review articles on various refrigeration technologies, are available in FRIDOC.

• Publication date : 2022/07/28
• Subjects: General information

CryoHub Webinar

CryoHub the EU funded project to demonstrate the potential for cryogenic energy storage at refrigerated warehouses will hold a webinar on 17th March 2021 to share findings and results of this work.

• Publication date : 2020/11/27

IIR wins ECREEE Award for solar cooling and heating efforts in Africa with SophiA

The ECOWAS Sustainable Energy Forum took place in Abidjan, Côte d’Ivoire on November 28-29. The IIR organised a SophiA workshop and was honoured with an ECREEE Award for its outstanding contribution to...

• Publication date : 2024/12/13

Brief: Dr Peter Egolf

Dr Peter Egolf, President of the IIR's Working Party on Magnetic Refrigeration, and his team at the Institut de Génie Thermique de l'Ecole d'ingénieurs du Canton de Vaud has won the Prix Spécial Energie awarded by the Office Fédéral de l'Energie...

• Publication date : 2006/05/05

New IIR Informatory Note on passive cooling

The IIR’s latest Informatory Note demonstrates that passive cooling technologies can contribute significantly to reducing energy demand for air conditioning. 

• Publication date : 2022/04/29
• Subjects: Technology

Liquefied Natural Gas: production process and cold energy recovery

Liquefied natural gas (LNG) is natural gas that has been cooled to about -160 °C and turned into a liquid to facilitate transportation and storage. A typical LNG supply chain...

• Last update : 2023/06/23
• Langues : French, English
• Themes : LNG and LPG

Hydrocarbon refrigerants

Hydrocarbons such as R290 (propane), R600a (isobutane) or R1270 (propene/propylene) are low GWP non-toxic natural refrigerants with excellent thermodynamic properties. They offer an...

• Last update : 2022/06/22
• Langues : French, English
• Themes : Hydrocarbons, Containment, refrigerant charge reduction

Environmental impact of the ice cream industry

This summary document describes the environmental impact of ice cream manufacturing, which is mainly due to the energy consumption and refrigerants used.

• Last update : 2022/11/17
• Langues : French, English
• Themes : General information on environment (climate change, ozone depletion…)

Ice cream manufacturing, environmental impact and market data

From a physico-chemical point of view, ice cream is a complex, frozen multiphase mixture. The manufacturing process includes several stages of freezing which are described in this...

• Last update : 2023/06/30
• Langues : French, English
• Themes : Ice creams

For IIR members only

Heat pump stock in Europe

This table presents the stock of installed heat pumps, the CO2 emissions avoided and the number of jobs in the heat pump sector in Europe.

• Last update : 2021/12/14
• Langues : English
• Themes : Heat pumps, energy recovery: economics and statistics

Additive manufacturing of regenerators for caloric cooling

In many areas of engineering, additive manufacturing allows the production of complex and multifunctional products that could not be manufactured using traditional methods. In the...

• Last update : 2022/09/16
• Langues : French, English
• Themes : Caloric cooling (magnetocaloric, electrocaloric, elastocaloric and barocaloric cooling)

Nanorefrigerants

Nanorefrigerants are created by adding nanoparticles in suspension to a base refrigerant. They have a thermal conductivity that is 15% to 104% higher than that of the corresponding...

• Last update : 2022/06/17
• Langues : English, French
• Themes : Nanofluids

Additive manufacturing of heat exchangers

In the refrigeration industry, additive manufacturing (colloquially referred to as “3D printing”) makes it possible to fabricate novel, complex and potentially more energy efficient...

• Last update : 2022/09/07
• Langues : French, English
• Themes : Evaporators, condensers and other heat exchangers

Cryogenics in the pharmaceutical industry: drug design and bioavailability improvement

Research activities in the pharmaceutical sector focus primarily on developing novel drug formulations which can elicit the desired response upon being administered to the patient...

• Last update : 2023/03/10
• Langues : French, English
• Themes : Freeze-drying in biology and medicine, Cryobiology, cryomedicine: general information