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IIR document
Multi-objective (Carbon-Exergy) optimization study of CO2 cascade systems using multiple refrigerant pairs.
Energy, exergy and economic analysis of a vacuum belt drying system integrated with mechanical vapor recompression (MVR) for aqueous extracts drying.
Advanced exergy analysis on an ejector using zeotropic mixture in a refrigeration system.
Eksergija kao mera održivosti energatskog sistema.
Exergy as mesure of sustainability of energy system.
Optimization of two-phase expansion nozzles: An exergy based analysis of fluid property influence.
Exergy analysis of adsorption cooling system.
Exergy-based methods for air separation.
Comparaison énergétique et exergétique de systèmes de dessalement.
Energy and exergy comparison between desalination systems.
Energy and exergy investigation of ejector refrigeration systems using retrograde refrigerants.
Eksergetska optimizacija zgrada sa razlicitim solarnim sistemima.
Exergy optimization of buildings with different solar systems.
The exergy analysis of NGE-MR natural gas liquefaction process.
Optimization and exergy analysis of eco-friendly refrigerants in high-efficiency hydrate-based refrigeration systems.
About a more intuitive exergy efficiency calculus applied to heat pumping and working cycles and other basic aspects issued thereof.
Estudio exergético del sistema de bomba de calor experimental TQ-Plint TE94.
Exergy study of the experimental TQ-Plint TE94 heat pump system.
Unsteady exergy analysis for a recycle and recovery machine.
Refrigeration sector monitoring
728 results
Renewable and recovered energies make up 66.5% of France’s district heating networks
District networks supply heating to more than 50,000 buildings and cooling to more than 1,600 buildings, according to FEDENE’s latest annual survey, conducted under the supervision of the French...
Utility offers NYC grocery stores incentives to use energy storage for refrigeration.
To better manage the energy demand on the grid during peak times of day, a handful of grocery stores produced ice over night.
IIR Cryogenics 2025 conference: Using Waste Cold Energy from Liquid Hydrogen to Save Energy on Nitrogen Liquefaction
F. Herzog et al. proposed recovering waste cold energy from liquid hydrogen production to help produce liquid nitrogen, thus saving energy on N2 liquefaction, while reducing the heat requirement for...
Powering urban sustainability: how electricity import capacity shapes heat pump adoption and thermal storage
A recent study published in Energies evaluated two scenarios modelling the relationship between electricity import and technologies implemented in urban areas to meet the demands for...
LNG cold energy recovery for salmon aquaculture
A team of Korean researchersis proposing a novel application of LNG cold energy recovery for aquaculture.
Cold stores safety and energy consumption
During the IIR International Congress of Refrigeration, held in Yokohama in August 2015, two valuable papers focused on cold store energy consumption and safety issues.
World energy outlook
Gas is the fastest growing fossil fuel (1.8% p.a.). The global trade share of gas remains around 30%. But within that,LNG trade grows twice as fast as consumption, with LNG’s share of world demand rising from 10% in 2014 to 15% in 2035.
Solar energy and solar cooling in India
The International Solar Alliance summit held in New Delhi on March 11, 2018 provided an opportunity to highlight a few figures on solar energy in India.
EU Energy Union
The European Commission has published its strategy framework for an Energy Union, containing 15 “action points” to consolidate energy supply and to reduce energy use and related carbon emissions throughout Europe.
Recent geothermal energy-based district cooling projects
In December 2023, district cooling projects using geothermal energy were launched in France and the United Arab Emirates.
District heating and cooling in Europe: the share of renewable energy
District heating and cooling networks continue to expand in Europe, further integrating renewables and waste heat sources.
Estimate of energy saved by heat pumps
All heat pumps installed in Europe in 2014 have saved 10.42 TWh of final and 4.7 TWh of primary energy.
A renewable energy storage project developed by Google
Google has a new public project: storing renewable energy thanks to heat pumps so it doesn't go to waste.
Employment in the renewable energy sector
Employment in renewable energy sector reaches 5.7 million globally.
The impact of humidity on global demand for cooling energy
Recent studies have highlighted the countries most affected by the need to adapt to rising temperatures. Assessing the impact of humidity on perceived temperatures also stresses out...
IIR news
350 results
New IIR Informatory Note on Renewable Energy
The latest IIR Informatory Note stresses that renewable energy sources can be considered practically inexhaustible and are currently the only solution for an ecological transition to clean...
New IIR Informatory Note on thermal energy storage systems
IIR’s latest Informatory Note demonstrates that a well-designed TES system can reduce energy consumption through more efficient equipment operation and lower investment costs, thus reducing the equipment...
Two new IIR Informatory Notes on Energy Recovery!
The IIR has just published two new Informatory Notes on energy recovery: one on Energy Recovery in Mechanical Ventilation Systems and the other one on Air-to-Air Energy Recovery Equipment.
IJR Editorial: Solar energy, the energy of the future for refrigeration
Solar refrigeration should become a means of providing cleaner air conditioning and developing cold chains for food and health products where they are still deficient. We need to accompany this development while...
The IIR publishes two new IIR Informatory Notes on Energy Recovery!
The International Institute of Refrigeration (IIR) has just published two new Informatory Notes on energy recovery: one on Energy Recovery in Mechanical Ventilation Systems and the other one on Air-to-Air Energy...
Activities of the IIR’s Commission E2 “Heat Pumps, Energy Recovery”
Presentation of IIR Commission E2 activities by Per Lundqvist, President of Commission E2
Commission E2: at the forefront of heat pumps and energy recovery
CryoHub to share results of implementation of innovative energy storage technique
Register now for our Webinar on 17th March 2021 to hear from experts on how the CryoHub technology was developed and demonstrated at a refrigerated facility at Frigologix in...
IIR member news: Excess heat is the largest untapped energy source
In a whitepaper, IIR Benefactor member Danfoss highlights the vast untapped potential of excess heat as a source of energy.
Join the IIR to stay up-to-date!
The world of refrigeration is changing rapidly and must continue to accelerate its adaptation to the challenges of climate change: very low greenhouse effect refrigerants, greatly increased energy efficiency,...
FRIDOC now features a selection of MDPI articles on refrigeration
About 150 articles from MDPI journals, including review articles on various refrigeration technologies, are available in FRIDOC.
CryoHub Webinar
CryoHub the EU funded project to demonstrate the potential for cryogenic energy storage at refrigerated warehouses will hold a webinar on 17th March 2021 to share findings and results of this work.
The importance of heat pump data for policymaking: Insights from the IEA workshop
On January 23, the IIR participated in the workshop “The importance of heat pump data for policymaking and innovation,” organised by the IEA in Paris.
IIR wins ECREEE Award for solar cooling and heating efforts in Africa with SophiA
The ECOWAS Sustainable Energy Forum took place in Abidjan, Côte d’Ivoire on November 28-29. The IIR organised a SophiA workshop and was honoured with an ECREEE Award for its outstanding contribution to...
Brief: Dr Peter Egolf
Dr Peter Egolf, President of the IIR's Working Party on Magnetic Refrigeration, and his team at the Institut de Génie Thermique de l'Ecole d'ingénieurs du Canton de Vaud has won the Prix Spécial Energie awarded by the Office Fédéral de l'Energie...
Encyclopedia of Refrigeration
9 results
Liquefied Natural Gas: production process and cold energy recovery
Liquefied natural gas (LNG) is natural gas that has been cooled to about -160 °C and turned into a liquid to facilitate transportation and storage. A typical LNG supply chain...
Hydrocarbon refrigerants
Hydrocarbons such as R290 (propane), R600a (isobutane) or R1270 (propene/propylene) are low GWP non-toxic natural refrigerants with excellent thermodynamic properties. They offer an...
Environmental impact of the ice cream industry
This summary document describes the environmental impact of ice cream manufacturing, which is mainly due to the energy consumption and refrigerants used.
Ice cream manufacturing, environmental impact and market data
From a physico-chemical point of view, ice cream is a complex, frozen multiphase mixture. The manufacturing process includes several stages of freezing which are described in this...
For IIR members only
Heat pump stock in Europe
This table presents the stock of installed heat pumps, the CO2 emissions avoided and the number of jobs in the heat pump sector in Europe.
Additive manufacturing of regenerators for caloric cooling
In many areas of engineering, additive manufacturing allows the production of complex and multifunctional products that could not be manufactured using traditional methods. In the...
Nanorefrigerants
Nanorefrigerants are created by adding nanoparticles in suspension to a base refrigerant. They have a thermal conductivity that is 15% to 104% higher than that of the corresponding...
Additive manufacturing of heat exchangers
In the refrigeration industry, additive manufacturing (colloquially referred to as “3D printing”) makes it possible to fabricate novel, complex and potentially more energy efficient...
Cryogenics in the pharmaceutical industry: drug design and bioavailability improvement
Research activities in the pharmaceutical sector focus primarily on developing novel drug formulations which can elicit the desired response upon being administered to the patient...
Events
3 results
IIR event
11th IIR Conference on Solid-State Cooling, Heating and Energy Harvesting
June 07, 2026 - June 11, 2026
Ljubljana, Slovenia
Submit your abstract now! The 11th IIR Conference on Solid-State Cooling, Heating and Energy Harvesting (Thermag 2026), to be...
Find out more
Other event
15th IEA Heat Pump Conference
May 26, 2026 - May 29, 2026
Vienna, Austria
Join the 15th IEA Heat Pump Conference, which will take place in Vienna, Austria,from May 26-29, 2026! The 15th IEA Heat Pump Conference, co-sponsored by IIR,...
17th IIR-Gustav Lorentzen Conference on Natural Refrigerants (GL 2026)
August 23, 2026 - August 26, 2026
Hamilton, New Zealand
Submit your abstract! With the increasing need for global warming countermeasures, natural working fluids have become a clear vector to reducing the CO2 footprint of...
