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IIR document
A lattice Boltzmann model for solidification of water droplet on cold flat plate.
Numerical study of film cooling over a flat plate with anisotropic thermal conductivity.
Recommended by the IIR / IIR document
Predictions on frost growth over a flat plate using surface characteristics: Machine learning methods.
Study on control and inhibition of frost formation on a flat plate.
Frosting modeling on a cold flat plate: comparison of the different assumptions and impacts on frost growth predictions.
Development of a correlation for parameter controlling using exergy efficiency optimization of an Al2O3/water nanofluid based flat-plate solar collector.
Modeling spatial and temporal frost formation with distributed properties on a flat plate using the orthogonal collocation method.
The effect of the configuration of the absorber on the performance of flat plate thermal collector.
State-of-the art of frost deposition on flat surfaces.
Development of diffusion welded compact heat exchanger technology.
Active control of supercooling degree using two surfactants of different molecular sizes.
Experimental results from a 70 kW steam-generating butane heat pump using off-the-shelf components.
Experimental evaluation of local air-side heat transfer coefficient on single fins.
Determination of film cooling effectiveness and heat transfer coefficient simultaneously on a flat plate.
Application of a new method to quantify local air-side heat transfer coefficient on fundamental geometries.
Refrigeration sector monitoring
94 results
Compressors2013 highlights: technical advancements related to refrigeration compressors
During the successful IIR International Conference on Compressors and Coolants held in Casta Papiernicka in June 2013, several papers were dedicated to technological advancements related to refrigeration compressors.
Europe 2025 heatwaves: demand for AC surges as heat-related deaths triple
Recent analyses from the World Meteorological Organization, the World Resources Institute and the Imperial College London take stock of this summer’s heatwaves in Europe.
Challenges related to the adoption of air conditioning in emerging economies by 2040
The authors of a recent article modelled the adoption of air conditioning by 2040 in four emerging economies: Brazil, India, Indonesia, and Mexico. The adoption of AC could increase between two- to sixteen-fold,...
With increased access, sustainable cooling can prevent up to 80% of heat-related deaths
Amidst rising temperatures due to climate change, adaptation through sustainable air conditioning reduced the burden of heat related mortality among the most vulnerable age groups...
UK younger shoppers neglect their freezers
Freezers across the UK are ‘neglected’, ‘under-used’ and ‘under-appreciated’, with younger shoppers dubbing them ‘graveyards’ for food that is soon to go off, according to the latest consumer research from IGD ShopperVista.
Stock and sales of refrigerators and freezers
A few figures on the stock and sales of refrigerators and freezers in Australia, New Zealand, and France.
Household refrigerator and home freezer manufacturing industry in the US
Industry’s revenue for the year 2012 was reported at USD 3.5 billion, with an estimated gross profit of 31.47%.
China household refrigerator & freezer market.
The market size exceeded USD 32.7 billion in 2012, a growth of over 15% on a year-on-year basis.
The biomedical refrigerators and freezers market
The biomedical refrigerators and freezers market was valued at USD 2.63 billion in 2013.
Household refrigerator and home freezer manufacturing in the US
The industry's revenue for the year 2012 reported at USD 3.5 billion, with 31.47% in estimated gross profit.
Update about mandatory energy labelling for professional refrigirators and freezers in the European Union
Professional refrigerated equipments sold since July 2016 must now be rated from A to G for energy efficiency.
Out of ordinary: Oldest Ice Skates?
The oldest pair of skates known date from about 3000 BC and were found at the bottom of a lake in Switzerland. They were made from the leg bones of large animals, holes were bored at each end of the bone and leather straps were used to tie the...
Australia’s solar cooling potential
Stephen White, Chair of ausSCIG, predicts that more and more innovative solutions will be developed in the solar cooling field in Australia.
Masdar City is testing high-vacuum flat solar thermal panels for air conditioning
Masdar City and TVP Solar have completed installation of a field of TVP Solar's MT-Power high-vacuum flat solar thermal panels for the solar cooling plant at Masdar City, UAE.
Performance comparison of R1234yf and R134a
A study published in Applied Thermal Engineering compares the performance of HFC-134a and HFO-1234yf as drop-in alternative in automotive air conditioning systems.
IIR news
9 results
IIR member news: Carrier Transicold
Carrier Transicold celebrates 45 years of container refrigeration production as it prepares to build one-millionth unit.
Focus on the last events in June 2021
In June 2021, the IIR organised two conferences: Thermag and HFO. It also participated in the European Conferences on the latest technologies in refrigeration and air conditioning organised by Centro Studi...
Call to action to adopt 5 internationally established refrigeration terms!
All professionals in the field of low-temperature technologies are called and are strongly encouraged to strictly adhere to the internationally established and approved definitions, by the International...
The IIR launches a call to action to adopt 5 internationally established refrigeration terms!
FRISBEE project: data collection
The IIR is involved in the European Union-funded FRISBEE (Food Refrigeration Innovations for Safety, consumer Benefit, Environmental impact and Energy optimization along the cold chain in Europe) project. Currently, one of the most important tasks...
CEEE Hosts International Conference THERMAG - IX 2021
More than 200 people from around the world attended the THERMAG - IX June 7-11, 2021 hosted by The Center for Environmental Energy Engineering at University of Maryland, College Park (US).
IIR member news: Star Refrigeration
Star Refrigeration soon to hit US food firms with eco-friendly low-ammonia chillers and freezers
Highlights from COP13/MOP36 – Day 2
Today, COP13/MOP36 saw pivotal discussions and decisions aimed at strengthening global compliance and collaboration in the fight to protect the ozone layer
Highlights from the 46th Montreal Protocol OEWG: Addressing Ozone Depletion and Climate Change Challenges
The 46th meeting of the Open-ended Working Group (OEWG) of the Parties to the Montreal Protocol took place in Montreal from 8 to 12 July 2024. The IIR took part of the event.
Encyclopedia of Refrigeration
8 results
Cryogenic nitrogen in the food and beverage industry
The adoption of cryogenic processes in the food and beverage industry is predominantly driven by liquid nitrogen (LIN), and it is the preferred candidate for food chilling and...
Ice cream manufacturing, environmental impact and market data
From a physico-chemical point of view, ice cream is a complex, frozen multiphase mixture. The manufacturing process includes several stages of freezing which are described in this...
Additive manufacturing of regenerators for caloric cooling
In many areas of engineering, additive manufacturing allows the production of complex and multifunctional products that could not be manufactured using traditional methods. In the...
Hydrocarbon refrigerants
Hydrocarbons such as R290 (propane), R600a (isobutane) or R1270 (propene/propylene) are low GWP non-toxic natural refrigerants with excellent thermodynamic properties. They offer an...
Environmental impact of the ice cream industry
This summary document describes the environmental impact of ice cream manufacturing, which is mainly due to the energy consumption and refrigerants used.
Cold storage conditions for fruits and vegetables
Practical recommendations for the cold storage of over 200 cultivars of fruits, vegetables and herbs (storage temperatures, relative humidity, storage time, controlled atmosphere...
Cryogenics in the pharmaceutical industry: drug design and bioavailability improvement
Research activities in the pharmaceutical sector focus primarily on developing novel drug formulations which can elicit the desired response upon being administered to the patient...
Liquefied Natural Gas: production process and cold energy recovery
Liquefied natural gas (LNG) is natural gas that has been cooled to about -160 °C and turned into a liquid to facilitate transportation and storage. A typical LNG supply chain...
Events
2 results
IIR event
11th IIR Conference on Solid-State Cooling, Heating and Energy Harvesting
June 07, 2026 - June 11, 2026
Ljubljana, Slovenia
Submit your abstract now! The 11th IIR Conference on Solid-State Cooling, Heating and Energy Harvesting (Thermag 2026), to be...
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Other event
15th IEA Heat Pump Conference
May 26, 2026 - May 29, 2026
Vienna, Austria
Join the 15th IEA Heat Pump Conference, which will take place in Vienna, Austria,from May 26-29, 2026! The 15th IEA Heat Pump Conference, co-sponsored by IIR,...
