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IIR document

Design, development and construction of Hall effect-based turbine meter type to measure flow in low-cost lithium bromide salt: Proposed flowmeter and first results.

• Author(s) : CALDAS A. M. A., CALDAS A. G. A., DOS SANTOS C.A.C., OCHOA A. A. V., CÉZAR K. L., MICHIMA P.S.A
• Publication date: 2020/04
• Languages : English
• Source: International Journal of Refrigeration - Revue Internationale du Froid - vol. 112
• Formats : PDF

IIR document

Finding the proper position of supply and return registers of air condition system in a conference hall in term of COVID-19 virus spread.

• Author(s) : RAHVARD A. J., KARAMI S., LAKZIAN E.
• Publication date: 2023/01
• Languages : English
• Source: International Journal of Refrigeration - Revue Internationale du Froid - vol. 145
• Formats : PDF

Possibilities of adapting the university lecture room to the green university standard in terms of thermal comfort and ventilation accuracy.

• Author(s) : KOSINSKI P., SKOTNICKA-SIEPSIAK A.
• Publication date: 2022/06
• Languages : English
• Source: Energies - vol. 15 - n. 10
• Formats : PDF

Temperature dependence of the Hall and longitudinal resistances in a quantum Hall resistance standard.

• Author(s) : MATTHEWS J., CAGE M. E.
• Publication date: 2005/09
• Languages : English
• Keywords : Hall effect, Electrical resistance, Research, Material, Cryogenics
• Source: J. Res. NIST - vol. 110 - n. 5

IIR document

Transport and magnetic properties of Pr-Sr-Mn-O single crystal and its magnetocaloric ability.

• Author(s) : DIMITROV D., APOSTOLOV A., PIPEROV N.
• Publication date: 2005/09/27
• Languages : English
• Keywords : Hall effect, Manganese, Magnetic susceptibility, Magnetic refrigerator, Alloy, Strontium, Magnetic property, Material, Praseodymium, Magnetic field
• Source: 1st International Conference on Magnetic Refrigeration at Room Temperature
• Formats : PDF

Air conditioning system design of Tianjin museum.

[In Chinese. / En chinois.]

• Author(s) : LU Y., WU Y., WANG Y.
• Publication date: 2011/10
• Languages : Chinese
• Source: HV & AC - vol. 41 - n. 255
• Formats : PDF

The Gate Hall of Lorsch: comprehensive assessment methods to calibrate simulation models and adapt conservation strategies.

• Author(s) : KOSMANN S., ANTRETTER F., KILIAN R.
• Publication date: 2013/06/16
• Languages : English
• Source: Clima 2013. 11th REHVA World Congress and 8th International Conference on Indoor Air Quality, Ventilation and Energy Conservation in Buildings.
• Formats : PDF

Evaluation of a demand controlled ventilation strategy for a multizone campus building.

• Author(s) : BRINK H., LAU J., LIN X.
• Publication date: 2012/07/16
• Languages : English
• Source: 2012 Purdue Conferences. 2nd International High Performance Buildings Conference at Purdue.
• Formats : PDF

Dual function sensors for concurrent measurement of temperature and magnetic field in cryogenic applications.

• Author(s) : MITIN V. F., BOLTOVETS N. S., KHOLEVCHUK V. V., et al.
• Publication date: 2008/09
• Languages : English
• Source: Cryogenics - vol. 48 - n. 9-10

Improved part load performance of single screw compressors: asymmetric unloading.

• Author(s) : CREED J.
• Publication date: 2012
• Languages : English
• Source: Institute of Refrigeration: annual proceedings. Volume 108. 2011-2012.

Wentylacja mechaniczna pomieszczen uslugowowych: zakladow fryzjerskich, kosmetycznych, tatuazu i odnowy biologicznej.

Mechanical ventilation of service workshops: hairdresser's shops, beauty parlours, tattooing studios and revival studios.

• Author(s) : KAISER K., WOLSKI A.
• Publication date: 2008
• Languages : Polish
• Source: Technika Chlodnicza i Klimatyzacyjna - vol. 15 - n. 6-7
• Formats : PDF

Design for a new type of environmentally friendly house in hot, humid and densely populated urban areas in Japan.

• Author(s) : UNNO K., ENDO E., KOBAYASHI Y., et al.
• Publication date: 2013/06/16
• Languages : English
• Source: Clima 2013. 11th REHVA World Congress and 8th International Conference on Indoor Air Quality, Ventilation and Energy Conservation in Buildings.
• Formats : PDF

MAC: SAE considers R1234yf as “safe and effective” and AC5 and AC6 blends as “technically credible”

The SAE International Cooperative Research Project team has concluded that “R1234yf refrigerant is safe and effective to use in automotive applications. It also concluded that “based on a detailed fault tree analysis, AC6 offers a risk profile...

• Publication date : 2013/08/27

European Commission

The European Commission presented on August 1, 2008, a proposal to amend current Regulation 2037/2000 on ozone depleting substances (ODS) highlighting the interplay between both the ozone depleting and global warming effect from such substances...

• Publication date : 2008/10/25

Energy saving initiatives for cooling in data centres

In January 2021, Europe’s leading cloud and data centre operators signed the Climate Neutral Data Centre Pact, a self-regulatory initiative to become climate neutral by 2030. According to recent studies, free...

• Publication date : 2021/02/25
• Subjects: Environment, Technology

Ambient beer cooler cuts energy bills

A new ambient beer cooler, using free cooling when available, could save 40% of energy costs.

• Publication date : 2015/03/18

Chilled water cooling pads to reduce heat stress in pigs

A team of scientists at Purdue university in the USA has developed cooling pads to keep pigs cool and reduce the impact of heat stress on milk output and piglet...

• Publication date : 2023/11/28
• Subjects: Technology

Solar Air conditioning

With high summer temperatures, air-conditioning and thermal comfort are increasingly important issues, but raise the challenges of high energy consumption and of environmental consequences. Three recent projects use solar energy to operate...

• Publication date : 2007/08/05

Natural refrigerants: a key tool for the future

The IIR's interest in natural refrigerants is relatively longstanding and it is a real pleasure to be able to say that. Companies using refrigerants today are looking more and more to natural refrigerants and governments are finally really seeing...

• Publication date : 2005/10/26

Linear compressors for refrigeration: benefits and challenges

Linear compressors have significant advantages over conventional crank-driven compressors, but the main challenge remains cost.

• Publication date : 2018/05/04

A possible major step in the quest of room-temperature superconductivity

Two researcher teams have just reported experiments indicating that a hydride of lanthanum compressed to 1.7 to 1.85 million bar has a critical temperature of 250–260 K (-23 – -13°C).

• Publication date : 2019/01/31

Magnetic refrigeration, a promising technology for the liquefaction of hydrogen

A keynote at the recent IIR Congress highlights magnetic refrigeration as a technology with high potential for the liquefaction of hydrogen, an essential energy vector for decarbonisation. 

• Publication date : 2023/11/28

Spray freeze-drying technique for the manufacturing of pharmaceutical products

Some biopharmaceuticals such as vaccines have a short shelf life and must be handled with care. A recent literature review presents the spray freeze-drying technique as an interesting option for optimising the...

• Publication date : 2020/12/14
• Subjects: Technology

Liquid nitrogen spray to clean spacesuits

Researchers from Washington State University developed a liquid nitrogen spray to remove moon dust from a space suit, potentially solving what is a significant challenge for future...

• Publication date : 2023/03/27
• Subjects: Technology

A review of cryoablation for cancer treatment

According to a review article, “cryoablation is a well-established therapeutic regime for the treatment of numerous cancers.” Often thought of as a simple ablative process, it is now seen as “a sophisticated, combinatorial therapy involving a...

• Publication date : 2014/09/07

Honey is an efficient natural cryoprotectant in fertility preservation

While several review articles point to the need for new, effective and less toxic cryoprotectants, honey has proven to be an effective non-penetrating...

• Publication date : 2022/03/31
• Subjects: Technology

Freeze-drying of fruit does retain its nutritional goodness

A study at Sheffield Hallam University and Chaucer Foods has found that freeze drying strawberries had no significant impact on their nutrient content.

• Publication date : 2014/02/04

Join the IIR to stay up-to-date!

The world of refrigeration is changing rapidly and must continue to accelerate its adaptation to the challenges of climate change: very low greenhouse effect refrigerants, greatly increased energy efficiency,...

• Publication date : 2021/12/15

Participation of the IIR at COP-10

On December 6-18, 2004, over 6100 participants from 169 countries attended the 10th Conference of the Parties (COP-10) to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC)  held at the Rural Exhibition Center in Buenos Aires ,...

• Publication date : 2005/02/11

The IIR at COP13/CMP3 in Bali

During the United Nations Conference on Climate Change which was held in Bali, Indonesia on December 3-14, 2007, delegates have agreed on both the agenda for the negotiations and a 2009 deadline for completing them. However, the text does not...

• Publication date : 2007/12/27

The IIR at COP-11/MOP-1 in Montreal

The IIR, as an intergovernmental organization, participated in this "historic" event which gathered 10 000 people for the largest United Nations Framework Conference on Climate Change (UNFCCC) ever held. The conference held...

• Publication date : 2006/01/28

IIR publications

The IIR is preparing 4 new publications that will be available by the end of 2007: - a booklet entitled Refrigeration Drives Sustainable Development which is an update of the 2002 report Refrigeration Sector Achievements and Challenges prepared...

• Publication date : 2007/08/05

COOL-SAVE at the Cold Chain Forum

As project partner, the IIR has facilitated the organization of a COOL-SAVE workshop at the Cold Chain Forum held on October 23-24, 2013 at the Grande Halle de la Villette in Paris.

• Publication date : 2014/02/07

June 2004: fruitful meetings of the IIR’s statutory committees

Here are some highlights of the annual meetings of the IIR's statutory bodies (Management Committee, Science and Technology Council [STC] and Executive Committee): Strategic Plan of the IIR Four years after having adopted its Strategic...

• Publication date : 2004/07/27

Member news: Mirai Intex ultra-low temperature refrigeration system at the ACHEMA trade show in Germany

Mirai Intex, corporate member of the IIR, will present its MC 15 C/W/T closed-cycle refrigeration machine at the ACHEMA trade show in August 2022 in Germany.

• Publication date : 2022/08/16
• Subjects: Technology

Cryogenics and Low-Temperature Physics: New Horizons and Challenges

This Focus written by Ralf Herzog*, President of the IIR’s Cryophysics, Cryoengineering commission (Commission A1) for the Newsletter of the IIR is the third in a series of presentations of the activities and hot research topics handled by the...

• Publication date : 2012/09/21

Highlight from COP13/MOP36 - Day 1

At a side event during COP13/MOP36 in Bangkok, IIR and Cool Up Programme convened global leaders to address challenges in energy-efficient refrigeration and cooling. Discussions focused on reducing emissions,...

• Publication date : 2024/10/28

Statement from IIR Director General at COP13/MOP36

On the final day of COP13/MOP36, held in Bangkok, Thailand, from 28 October to 1 November 2024, IIR Director General Yosr Allouche delivered IIR’s official statement to the Plenary.

• Publication date : 2024/11/27
• Subjects: Regulation

Editorial by Mrs. Sylvie Lemmet

The refrigeration and air conditioning (RAC) industry is remarkable for its contribution to sustainable development and indeed to the United Nations' Millennium Development Goals. Preservation of perishable food and medicines has resulted in...

• Publication date : 2007/08/05

Highlights from COP13/MOP36 – Day 3

The IIR concluded another successful side event on natural refrigerants at COP13/MOP36. Today's session brought together a diverse group of government representatives, industry leaders, and environmental experts...

• Publication date : 2024/10/30

Activities of the IIR’s Commission E2 “Heat Pumps, Energy Recovery”

Presentation of IIR Commission E2 activities by Per Lundqvist, President of Commission E2

• Publication date : 2015/05/22

Editorial by Didier Coulomb

Energy is one of the main strategic challenges of this century, both in terms of the impact of energy consumption on the environment (greenhouse effect) and above all in terms of the risk of shortages with respect to our society's needs (limited...

• Publication date : 2006/11/14

Additive manufacturing of regenerators for caloric cooling

In many areas of engineering, additive manufacturing allows the production of complex and multifunctional products that could not be manufactured using traditional methods. In the...

• Last update : 2022/09/16
• Langues : French, English
• Themes : Caloric cooling (magnetocaloric, electrocaloric, elastocaloric and barocaloric cooling)

Additive manufacturing of heat exchangers

In the refrigeration industry, additive manufacturing (colloquially referred to as “3D printing”) makes it possible to fabricate novel, complex and potentially more energy efficient...

• Last update : 2022/09/07
• Langues : French, English
• Themes : Evaporators, condensers and other heat exchangers

Cryogenic nitrogen in the food and beverage industry

The adoption of cryogenic processes in the food and beverage industry is predominantly driven by liquid nitrogen (LIN), and it is the preferred candidate for food chilling and...

• Last update : 2023/11/07
• Langues : French, English
• Themes : Freezing of foodstuffs

Liquefied Natural Gas: production process and cold energy recovery

Liquefied natural gas (LNG) is natural gas that has been cooled to about -160 °C and turned into a liquid to facilitate transportation and storage. A typical LNG supply chain...

• Last update : 2023/06/23
• Langues : French, English
• Themes : LNG and LPG

Cryogenics in the pharmaceutical industry: drug design and bioavailability improvement

Research activities in the pharmaceutical sector focus primarily on developing novel drug formulations which can elicit the desired response upon being administered to the patient...

• Last update : 2023/03/10
• Langues : French, English
• Themes : Freeze-drying in biology and medicine, Cryobiology, cryomedicine: general information

Ice cream manufacturing, environmental impact and market data

From a physico-chemical point of view, ice cream is a complex, frozen multiphase mixture. The manufacturing process includes several stages of freezing which are described in this...

• Last update : 2023/06/30
• Langues : French, English
• Themes : Ice creams