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Heat accounting in historical buildings.

• Author(s) : CELENZA L., DELL'ISOLA M., D'ALESSIO R., et al.
• Publication date: 2014/02
• Languages : English
• Keywords : Heat meter, Energy consumption, Building, Measurement, Performance, Air conditioning, Heating
• Source: 49^th AiCARR International Conference. Historical and existing buildings: designing the retrofit. An overview from energy performances to indoor air quality.
• Formats : PDF

IIR document

Smart meter enabled control for variable speed heat pumps to increase PV self-consumption.

• Author(s) : FISCHER D., RAUTENBERG F., WIRTZ T., et al.
• Publication date: 2015/08/16
• Languages : English
• Keywords : Electricity, Consumption, Variable speed, Control (automatic), Simulation, Heat pump, Photovoltaic plant, Solar energy
• Source: Proceedings of the 24th IIR International Congress of Refrigeration: Yokohama, Japan, August 16-22, 2015.
• Formats : PDF

Recommended by the IIR / IIR document

Operational principles and effect of operating parameters on performance of metal hydride heat pumps.

• Author(s) : SHAFIEE S.
• Publication date: 2020/12
• Languages : English
• Keywords : Heat pump, Waste heat, Metal hydride, Chemistry, Cost, Performance, Review, Absorption, Desorption
• Source: International Journal of Refrigeration - Revue Internationale du Froid - vol. 120
• Formats : PDF

A united WRF/TRNSYS method for estimating the heating/cooling load for the thousand-meter scale megatall buildings.

• Author(s) : CAO J., LIU J., MAN X.
• Publication date: 2017/03/05
• Languages : English
• Keywords : High rise, Commercial building, Meteorology, Modelling, Air conditioning, Heating, Thermal load, Cooling load
• Source: Applied Thermal Engineering - vol. 114

Experimental investigation of solution transportation absorption chiller in steady/Non-steady state with heat transportation of 500 meters.

• Author(s) : WATANABE F., ENOKI K., TANAKA S., et al.
• Publication date: 2014/03/02
• Languages : English
• Keywords : Heat, Transport, Chiller, Absorption, Performance, Expérimentation, Waste heat
• Source: International sorption heat pump conference (ISHPC2014), College Park, United States, March 31-April 2, 2014.
• Formats : PDF

Performance evaluation of three virtual metering methods to estimate zone-level perimeter heater energy requirement.

• Author(s) : DARWAZEH D., DUQUETTE J., GUNAY B.
• Publication date: 2021/05/24
• Languages : English
• Keywords : Office, Modelling, Steady state, Transient state, Building, Energy balance, Heating, Cooling
• Source: 2021 Purdue Conferences. 6^th International High Performance Buildings Conference at Purdue.
• Formats : PDF

Experimental and simulation analysis for heat transfer and pressure drop for single-phase flow in frame-and-plate heat exchanger.

• Author(s) : FARRAJ A. R., HRNJAK P.
• Publication date: 2022
• Languages : English
• Keywords : Plate exchanger, Expérimentation, Simulation, Heat transfer, Pressure drop, Thermodynamic property, Heat transfer coefficient
• Source: 2022 Purdue Conferences. 19^th International Refrigeration and Air-Conditioning Conference at Purdue.
• Formats : PDF

Combination of local heat transfer and flow visualization of R245fa flow boiling in plate heat exchanger.

• Author(s) : FARRAJ A. R., HRNJAK P.
• Publication date: 2021/05
• Languages : English
• Keywords : R245fa, Flow boiling, Heat exchanger, Heat transfer coefficient, Two-phase flow, Expérimentation
• Source: 2021 Purdue Conferences. 18^th International Refrigeration and Air-Conditioning Conference at Purdue.
• Formats : PDF

Thermal performance and pressure drop of spiral-tube ground heat exchangers for ground-source heat pump.

• Author(s) : JALALUDDIN H., MIYARA A.
• Publication date: 2015/11/05
• Languages : English
• Keywords : Ground, Simulation, Heat pump, Performance, Pressure drop
• Source: Applied Thermal Engineering - vol. 90

Calculation of maximum length of directly-buried cooling pipeline in cooling base station.

[In Chinese. / En chinois.]

• Author(s) : TAN C., HU H., ZHANG C., et al.
• Publication date: 2015/12
• Languages : Chinese
• Source: HV & AC - vol. 45 - n. 312
• Formats : PDF

IIR document

Thermo-economic and primary-energy-factor assessment based on the field test of an air-to-water heat pump.

• Author(s) : POREDOS P., COŽ T., KITANOVSKI A., et al.
• Publication date: 2017/04
• Languages : English
• Keywords : Seasonal performance, Depreciation, Heat pump, Testing, Primary energy, Heating, Air-water
• Source: International Journal of Refrigeration - Revue Internationale du Froid - vol. 76
• Formats : PDF

Increasing energy efficiency in accordance to energy efficiency 2012/27/EU directive to decrease energy consumption for a final energy end user.

• Author(s) : SAVICKAS R., SAVICKIENE L.
• Publication date: 2017/12/06
• Languages : English
• Keywords : Regulations, European Union, Energy consumption, Building, Energy efficiency, Heating
• Source: 48^th International HVAC&R Congress and Exhibition.
• Formats : PDF, PowerPoint

Mogucnosti individualnog iskljucenja sa sistema daljinskog grejanja.

Possibilities of individual disconnection from the district heating system.

• Author(s) : MITRIC M.
• Publication date: 2016/12
• Languages : Serbian
• Keywords : Hot water, Building, Control (automatic), Energy efficiency, District heating
• Source: 47^th International HVAC&R Congress and Exhibition.
• Formats : PDF

Experiments on part load performance of ground source variable refrigerant flow system in winter.

[In Chinese. / En chinois.]

• Author(s) : YAN L., ZHANG X., ZHAO D., et al.
• Publication date: 2015/02
• Languages : Chinese
• Source: Journal of Refrigeration - vol. 36 - n. 161
• Formats : PDF

Energatski aspekti sušenja drveta.

Energy aspects of wood drying.

• Author(s) : MAROVIC V., ÐAKOVIC D.
• Publication date: 2016/12
• Languages : English
• Keywords : Wood, Energy consumption, Drying, Heat pump, Performance, Humidity
• Source: 47^th International HVAC&R Congress and Exhibition.
• Formats : PDF

Efficiency of ground source heat pump systems

Ground source heat pumps (GHSP) have been reported to be more efficient than more widespread air source heat pumps despite higher installation costs. A recent article has reviewed parameters impacting the energy...

• Publication date : 2021/03/29
• Subjects: Technology

Efficient cooling methods to reduce heat stress in pigs

Microclimate parameters such as air temperature and humidity are important indicators of animal welfare. Besides, heat stress is more detrimental to productivity in the swine...

• Publication date : 2020/10/22
• Subjects: Technology

CHEs in heat pumps

In its Annex 33, "Compact Heat Exchangers in Heat Pumping Equipment" issued in September 2010, the Heat Pump Programme details the benefits of using compact heat exchangers (CHEs): . Improved heat exchanger thermal effectiveness: thermal...

• Publication date : 2011/02/07

Heating and cooling ceilings

The upcoming translation of European Directive 2002/91/EC on improving energy efficiency in buildings into EU national legislation in January 2006 calls for a clear improvement in the energy efficiency of cooling and heating systems. In view of...

• Publication date : 2005/10/26

Climate control in the Gibraltar tunnel project

A project for a tunnel linking Punta Paloma in Spain and Malabata Point in Morocco and currently in preparatory phase raises some interesting and crucial climate control issues. Governments of both nations appointed the Swiss engineer Giovanni...

• Publication date : 2008/05/13

Cool IT: a new use for CO2

Carbon dioxide offers a new optimum cooling medium for IT facilities. Electrically benign, and therefore non-hazardous to servers and cabling, it is seven times more efficient at cooling than water: CO2 permits reduced volume flows and smaller...

• Publication date : 2006/05/05

2005 AHR Expo Innovation award winners

The winners of the third annual AHR (Air Conditioning, Heating and Refrigeration) Expo Innovation awards will be honoured during a ceremony during the 2005 AHR Expo in Orlando, Florida, on February 8, 2005. The product entries were judged for...

• Publication date : 2004/12/22

Chillers: efficiency takes off

Chillers are key refrigerating systems since, according to the Department of Energy, in the US, they account for about 13% of the power consumed by the nation's buildings and 9% of the overall demand for electric power. Examples below illustrate...

• Publication date : 2008/10/25

PCMs and ice slurries: Broccoli preservation with ice slurry

Preserving the quality of extremely perishable vegetables such as broccoli is dependent on rapid and thorough cooling immediately after harvest and maintaining at a low temperature during storage or processing. The lower the storage temperature...

• Publication date : 2007/02/12

Nanotechnoly: what’s new?

Nanotechnology - the manipulation of cell and atomic structure in materials no larger than a billionth of a metre in size - has recently been described by Frank O'Brien-Bernini, Vice President of Owens Corning Science & Technology Center, as...

• Publication date : 2006/07/26

Out of the ordinary: Keeping clay soldiers (relatively) cool

The largest group of terracotta figures ever lent by China was on display at the British Museum until April 6, 2008. The Chinese government required the 20 warriors to be kept at temperatures of 22°C + 2°C and at humidity levels of 45% RH + 8%, a...

• Publication date : 2008/05/13

PZT: electric cooling

A new material has been developed by a team of Cambridge scientists that turns cold at the press of a button. They have found a ceramic material that has a giant electrocaloric effect; 100 times larger than that seen in the 1960s when this...

• Publication date : 2006/05/05

Geothermy to heat and cool metro in Nagpur, India.

The Maharashtra Metro Rail Company Limited (Maha-metro) has decided to use geothermal AC system to reduce operating costs by 10 to 15 %.

• Publication date : 2018/06/11
• Subjects: Developing country

A humanoid robot that sweats to keep cool.

An athlete out of the ordinary.

• Publication date : 2017/02/26
• Subjects: Technology

US researchers create film with cool benefits.

US researchers have developed a metamaterial they say could be used to help cool buildings without the use of energy or water.

• Publication date : 2017/02/22
• Subjects: Environment

News from IIR members: Carrier CO2NSERVATION meter

The Carrier CO2NSERVATION meter calculates avoided greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions as a result of the installation of high efficiency Carrier air-conditioning, heating and refrigeration systems by customers around the world since 2000. Buildings in...

• Publication date : 2011/02/07

Experience the unforgettable in Japan at ICR2015: It’s not just about refrigeration, it’s also about fun!

ICR2015: Discover the plenary speakers, technical tours, and popular tours and activities

• Publication date : 2015/05/06

New IIR Informatory Note on non-uniform environment

A non-uniform indoor environment can reconcile the demand for a healthy and comfortable environment and the objective of low carbon emissions. 

• Publication date : 2023/11/28

New IIR Informatory Note on passive cooling

The IIR’s latest Informatory Note demonstrates that passive cooling technologies can contribute significantly to reducing energy demand for air conditioning. 

• Publication date : 2022/04/29
• Subjects: Technology

IIR Conference overview: 5th IIR Conference on Thermophysical Properties and Transfer Processes of Refrigerants - TPTPR2017

With over 150 participants from 12 countries, the 5th IIR Conference on Thermophysical Properties and Transfer Processes of Refrigerants featured 85 technical presentations, including six plenary keynote lectures.

• Publication date : 2017/05/24

News from IIR members: Cetim

Environmental damage as a direct result of emissions and as an indirect result of energy consumption, both of which contribute to the greenhouse effect... Ozone depletion due to the effects of certain fluids... Fire and intoxication risks......

• Publication date : 2011/05/25

IIR conference on caloric cooling Thermag VIII: highlights

Thermag VIII was an opportunity to present new developments regarding magnetocaloric, electrocaloric and elastocaloric cooling.

• Publication date : 2018/10/18

The long awaited ICR2015 is underway!

Held every four years, this year ICR2015 welcomes 1,011 conference delegates from 55 countries, making it a truly global refrigeration event.

• Publication date : 2015/08/19

IIR Member news: Star Refrigeration installs ammonia chillers in an indoor skiing facility

After 90 years of existence, indoor skiing now uses modern and energy efficient technologies. Star Refrigeration participates in this evolution with its ammonia chillers.

• Publication date : 2018/12/27

IIR with INWIC at the WiHVACR Annual Conference

From 6th to 8th November 2023, the 20th Women in Heating, Ventilation, Air Conditioning and Refrigeration (WiHVACR) Annual Conference was held in Jacksonville, United States...

• Publication date : 2023/11/28

IIR Research Priorities

The IIR decided, within the framework of its Strategic Plan, to draw up a list of research priorities for the future. It hopes that these priorities will be a valuable guiding force for decision-makers in the public and private research sectors,...

• Publication date : 2005/07/19

Now available: IIR-Gustav Lorentzen Conference Papers 2022

Download one or all of the 170 technical papers from the 15th IIR-Gustav Lorentzen Conference on Natural Refrigerants!

• Publication date : 2023/05/02
• Subjects: General information

UN Climate Change Conference in Bali

- The 13th United Nations Conference of the Parties on Climate Change, which was also the 3rd meeting of the Parties to the Kyoto Protocol, took place in Bali, Indonesia, on December 3-14, 2007. More than 10 000 persons attended this event which...

• Publication date : 2008/02/15

IJR editorial: The cop on climate change: a growing presence of refrigeration issues to be consolidated

The Conference of the Parties on climate change was held in Sharm-El-Sheikh (Egypt) from Sunday 6 November to Sunday 20 November 2022. Generally speaking, this COP did not result in the decisions and actions...

• Publication date : 2023/01/23
• Subjects: Environment

New IIR Informatory Note on evaporative cooling

The latest IIR Informatory Note highlights that evaporative cooling is an energy-efficient technology that has many applications in air conditioning but also in short-term food storage. 

• Publication date : 2023/05/27

Ice cream manufacturing, environmental impact and market data

From a physico-chemical point of view, ice cream is a complex, frozen multiphase mixture. The manufacturing process includes several stages of freezing which are described in this...

• Last update : 2023/06/30
• Langues : French, English
• Themes : Ice creams

Nanorefrigerants

Nanorefrigerants are created by adding nanoparticles in suspension to a base refrigerant. They have a thermal conductivity that is 15% to 104% higher than that of the corresponding...

• Last update : 2022/06/17
• Langues : English, French
• Themes : Nanofluids

Additive manufacturing of regenerators for caloric cooling

In many areas of engineering, additive manufacturing allows the production of complex and multifunctional products that could not be manufactured using traditional methods. In the...

• Last update : 2022/09/16
• Langues : French, English
• Themes : Caloric cooling (magnetocaloric, electrocaloric, elastocaloric and barocaloric cooling)

Additive manufacturing of heat exchangers

In the refrigeration industry, additive manufacturing (colloquially referred to as “3D printing”) makes it possible to fabricate novel, complex and potentially more energy efficient...

• Last update : 2022/09/07
• Langues : French, English
• Themes : Evaporators, condensers and other heat exchangers

Liquefied Natural Gas: production process and cold energy recovery

Liquefied natural gas (LNG) is natural gas that has been cooled to about -160 °C and turned into a liquid to facilitate transportation and storage. A typical LNG supply chain...

• Last update : 2023/06/23
• Langues : French, English
• Themes : LNG and LPG

Cryogenic nitrogen in the food and beverage industry

The adoption of cryogenic processes in the food and beverage industry is predominantly driven by liquid nitrogen (LIN), and it is the preferred candidate for food chilling and...

• Last update : 2023/11/07
• Langues : French, English
• Themes : Freezing of foodstuffs

Hydrocarbon refrigerants

Hydrocarbons such as R290 (propane), R600a (isobutane) or R1270 (propene/propylene) are low GWP non-toxic natural refrigerants with excellent thermodynamic properties. They offer an...

• Last update : 2022/06/22
• Langues : French, English
• Themes : Hydrocarbons, Containment, refrigerant charge reduction

Environmental impact of the ice cream industry

This summary document describes the environmental impact of ice cream manufacturing, which is mainly due to the energy consumption and refrigerants used.

• Last update : 2022/11/17
• Langues : French, English
• Themes : General information on environment (climate change, ozone depletion…)