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IIR document

IIR handbook on indirect refrigeration and heat pump systems.

• Author(s) : MELINDER Å., GRANRYD E.
• Publication date: 2015/08/16
• Languages : English
• Keywords : Refrigerating system, Plant (equipment), Design, Heat pump, Optimization, Indirect system, Corrosion, Construction, Secondary refrigerant
• Source: Proceedings of the 24th IIR International Congress of Refrigeration: Yokohama, Japan, August 16-22, 2015.
• Formats : PDF

Recommended by the IIR / IIR document

Handbook on indirect refrigeration and heat pump systems. (Digital or Paper version)

• Author(s) : MELINDER Å.
• Publication date: 2015/08
• Languages : English
• Keywords : Refrigerating system, Plant (equipment), Design, Heat pump, Optimization, Indirect system, Corrosion, Construction, Secondary refrigerant
• Formats : Hard copy, PDF

IIR document

Conversion of a direct to an indirect commercial (HFC134a/CO2) cascade refrigeration system: energy impact analysis.

• Author(s) : SÁNCHEZ D., LLOPIS R., CABELLO R., et al.
• Publication date: 2017/01
• Languages : English
• Keywords : Refrigerating system, R134a, Energy consumption, Commercial application, Measurement, R744, Indirect system, Cascade system, Retrofitting
• Source: International Journal of Refrigeration - Revue Internationale du Froid - vol. 73
• Formats : PDF

IIR document

Investigations of vegetables cold store with indirect cooling system of the variable capacity.

• Author(s) : MIZERA G., BUTRYMOWICZ D., GAGAN J., et al.
• Publication date: 2015/08/16
• Languages : English
• Keywords : Refrigerating system, Design, Indirect system, Vegetable, Relative humidity, Testing, Cold store, Chinese cabbage
• Source: Proceedings of the 24th IIR International Congress of Refrigeration: Yokohama, Japan, August 16-22, 2015.
• Formats : PDF

Recommended by the IIR / IIR document

Design and simulation of a small cold storage with NH3 refrigeration system and an indirect cooling loop with CO2.

• Author(s) : BREDESEN T. A., TOLSTOREBROV I., WIDELL K. N., MADDALI R., EIKEVIK T. M.
• Publication date: 2020/12/07
• Languages : English
• Keywords : India, Fruit, Tropical fruit, Ammonia, CO2, Cold storage, Small scale, Design, Simulation, Indirect system, COP, Performance, Apple, Mango, Grape, R744
• Source: 14^th IIR-Gustav Lorentzen Conference on Natural Refrigerants (GL2020). Proceedings. Kyoto, Japon, December 7-9^th 2020.
• Formats : PDF

IIR document

Simplified performance correlation of an indirect evaporative cooling system: development and validation.

• Author(s) : COMINO F., MILANI S., DE ANTONELLIS S., et al.
• Publication date: 2018/04
• Languages : English
• Keywords : Performance, Indirect system, Evaporative system, Modelling, Expérimentation
• Source: International Journal of Refrigeration - Revue Internationale du Froid - vol. 88
• Formats : PDF

Identification and mitigation of shortcomings in direct and indirect liquid cooling-based battery thermal management system.

• Author(s) : ANISHA, KUMAR A.
• Publication date: 2023/05
• Languages : English
• Keywords : Electric vehicle, Battery, Review, Indirect system, Liquid cooling, Immersion
• Source: Energies - vol. 16 - n. 9
• Formats : PDF

IIR document

Cryogenic system and temperature control of superconducting wigglers with indirect cooling.

• Author(s) : BRAGIN A. V., KHRUSCHEV S. V., MEZENTSEV N. A., et al.
• Publication date: 2017/05/15
• Languages : English
• Keywords : Superconduction, Superconducting magnet, Cryostat, Design, Indirect system, Cryocooler, Cryogenics
• Source: Cryogenics 2017. Proceedings of the 14^th IIR International Conference: Dresden, Germany, Mai 15-19, 2017.
• Formats : PDF

IIR document

Iso-paraffins as low temperature secondary fluids.

• Author(s) : IGNATOWICZ M., SCHONING N., DUFVA S., et al.
• Publication date: 2017/04/23
• Languages : English
• Keywords : Paraffin, Thermodynamic property, Indirect system, Glycol, Expérimentation, Secondary refrigerant
• Source: 5^th IIR Conference on Thermophysical Properties and Transfer Processes of Refrigerants.
• Formats : PDF

IIR document

Energy assessment and environmental impact analysis of an R134a/R744 cascade refrigeration plant upgraded with the low-GWP refrigerants R152a, R1234ze(E), propane (R290) and propylene (R1270).

• Author(s) : SÁNCHEZ D., CABELLO R., LLOPIS R., et al.
• Publication date: 2019/08
• Languages : English
• Keywords : R1270, R290, R152a, R1234ze(E), Propane, Indirect system, Cascade system, Expérimentation, Retrofitting
• Source: International Journal of Refrigeration - Revue Internationale du Froid - vol. 104
• Formats : PDF

IIR document

Experimental performance analysis of a packaged R290 refrigeration unit retrofitted with R170 for ultra-low temperature freezing.

• Author(s) : RODRIGUEZ-CRIADO J. C., EXPÓSITO CARRILLO J. A., PERIS PÉREZ B., DOMÍNGUEZ MUÑOZ F.
• Publication date: 2022/02
• Languages : English
• Keywords : Low temperature, Expérimentation, R170, Ethane, Propane, Cascade system, R290, Retrofitting, COP, Packaged unit, Indirect system
• Source: International Journal of Refrigeration - Revue Internationale du Froid - vol. 134
• Formats : PDF

IIR document

Alternative formate salts as low temperature secondary fluids.

• Author(s) : IGNATOWICZ M., MELINDER Å., PALM B.
• Publication date: 2017/04/23
• Languages : English
• Keywords : Thermodynamic property, Salt (sodium chloride), Indirect system, Expérimentation, Secondary refrigerant
• Source: 5^th IIR Conference on Thermophysical Properties and Transfer Processes of Refrigerants.
• Formats : PDF

Indirect cooling technologies.

• Author(s) : HAINES S. A., FREEMAN J. A.
• Publication date: 2014/04
• Languages : English
• Keywords : Building, Cooling tower, Recommendation, Review, Indirect system, Evaporative system, Refrigerant, Air conditioning
• Source: Consulting-Specifying Engineer - vol. 51 - n. 3

IIR document

Alternative refrigerants for the primary circuit of an indirect commercial refrigeration cascade system.

• Author(s) : LLOPIS R., SÁNCHEZ D., CABELLO R., et al.
• Publication date: 2018/06/18
• Languages : English
• Keywords : Heat rejection, Display cabinet, Indirect system, Cascade system, HFO, HFC, Expérimentation, Refrigerant, CO2
• Source: 13^th IIR Gustav Lorentzen Conference on Natural Refrigerants (GL2018). Proceedings. Valencia, Spain, June 18-20th 2018.
• Formats : PDF

IIR document

Effect of plates coating on performance of an indirect evaporative cooling system.

• Author(s) : GUILIZZONI M., MILANI S., LIBERATI P., et al.
• Publication date: 2019/08
• Languages : English
• Keywords : Wettability, Data centre, Coating (materials), Cooling, Performance, Indirect system, Evaporative system, Expérimentation, Heat exchanger
• Source: International Journal of Refrigeration - Revue Internationale du Froid - vol. 104
• Formats : PDF

Two-stage indirect glycol and CO2 commercial system drastically cuts refrigerant use

An award-winning store, that reduces refrigerant use by 98%, and eliminates HFCs, was recently opened in Folsom, CA, USA.

• Publication date : 2012/06/05

New evaporative cooling system for more energy efficient data centres

A dew point cooling system, which is an indirect evaporative cooling system that approaches the dew point, has reduced the electricity consumption of a UK data centre by 80%. 

• Publication date : 2021/12/15
• Subjects: Technology

Energy saving initiatives for cooling in data centres

In January 2021, Europe’s leading cloud and data centre operators signed the Climate Neutral Data Centre Pact, a self-regulatory initiative to become climate neutral by 2030. According to recent studies, free...

• Publication date : 2021/02/25
• Subjects: Technology, Environment

Briefs: Reducing the TEWI by reducing channel size

The TEWI (Total Equivalent Warming Impact) makes it possible to measure the total impact of a system on global warming. The direct effect is produced by refrigerant loss. The indirect effect is produced by the CO2 released when producing the...

• Publication date : 2007/02/12

The climate impact of the refrigeration sector in Australia

According to a recent report, the refrigeration sector accounts for 24% of Australia’s electricity consumption and 11.5% of CO2 emissions. This report also identifies the main causes of direct and...

• Publication date : 2021/05/31
• Subjects: Environment

Refrigerated transport: innovations and challenges for sustainability

Review of the most promising technologies for refrigerated transport: vapour compression systems with natural refrigerants, photovoltaic systems with electrical energy storage,...

• Publication date : 2022/04/29
• Subjects: Technology, HFCs alternatives

Cold stores: how to achieve net zero emissions?

The UK Cold Chain Federation recently released a report presenting technologies to help temperature-controlled warehouses achieve net zero emissions.  

• Publication date : 2022/07/08
• Subjects: Figures, economy, Environment

IPCC/TEAP Special Report

The Summary for Policy Makers of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC)/ Technology and Economic Assessment Panel (TEAP) Special Report "Safeguarding the ozone layer and the global climate system: issues related to hydrofluorocarbons...

• Publication date : 2005/06/14

Low GWP blends for domestic air conditioning

A review article presents the latest research trends on low GWP refrigerants, mainly HFC/HFO blends, for domestic air conditioning. 

• Publication date : 2023/03/28
• Subjects: HFCs alternatives

News about IIR Member: Cemagref

Researchers from Cemagref, corporate member of the IIR, in conjunction with the GREThE in Grenoble, and financed by the Agency for the environment and energy management (ADEME), have developed a prototype refrigerating system that allows the...

• Publication date : 2006/05/05

Briefs: Swiss supermarket chain COOP chooses CO2

COOP has implemented CO2 as refrigerant of choice for low-and medium-temperature applications and aims at becoming CO2 neutral by 2023. The first supermarket has been equipped with a CO2 booster system engineered by Frigo-Consulting AG. A central...

• Publication date : 2009/12/09

French supermarkets turn to ice slurries

- Carrefour 's Collégien, France, hypermarket is using indirect refrigeration for over 6100 m 2 out of a total 15 000 m 2 surface area: CO 2 (in a 4-loop system) for temperatures below 0°C (refrigerating capacity: 232 kW) and ice slurries...

• Publication date : 2005/02/11

Autonomous systems for refrigerated transport

The refrigerated transport sector is looking for solutions to reduce fuel consumption, refrigerant emissions and noise emissions. - Autonomous systems cooled by cryogenic secondary coolants offer alternatives. A system developed in Germany uses...

• Publication date : 2009/02/25

ICR2019: overview of current refrigeration research topics (part III)

Energy storage, desiccant air conditioning, high-temperature heat pumps and ejector technologies were some of the salient topics of the latest IIR Congress. Continuation of the synthesis of key presentations of ICR2019.

• Publication date : 2019/10/30

CO2 technology for ice-skating rinks

Nowadays, the use of large amounts of ammonia in public places is restricted by regulations in several countries, for safety reasons. Hence, new skating rinks with direct ammonia systems can no longer be built, although it is thought that they...

• Publication date : 2004/11/19

Hot off the press: Handbook on Indirect Refrigeration and Heat Pump Systems

Be the first to read the newly published IIR Handbook on Indirect Refrigeration and Heat Pump Systems.

• Publication date : 2015/08/05

New IIR publications: Properties of Secondary Working Fluids for Indirect Systems

This expanded 2nd edition responds to rising use of secondary refrigerant systems used in many applications. It comprises comprehensive data on a number of aqueous solutions of ethylene and propylene glycol, ethanol, glycerol, ammonia, chlorides...

• Publication date : 2010/05/27

Add the latest refrigeration publications to your bookshelf!

Check out the latest IIR publications including CO2 as a Refrigerant, Handbook on Indirect Refrigeration and Heat Pump Systems and the 1st IIR International Conference of Cryogenics and Refrigeration Technology (ICCRT 2016).

• Publication date : 2016/09/06

Interview: Director General of the IIR gives an overview of the trends of the refrigeration sector

In the 2018-2019 international special issue of the Industria & Formazione magazine, Director General of the International Institute of Refrigeration, Didier Coulomb, gives an overview of the impact of the refrigeration sector on climate...

• Publication date : 2019/02/19

Available - New IIR publication: Technological options for retail refrigeration

Written by several experts from the acclaimed London South Bank University (UK), the International Institute of Refrigeration (IIR) is proud to present the “Technological options for retail refrigeration”.

• Publication date : 2018/11/22

News from IIR members: Kinarca

Kinarca obtains ISO 22000 certification for its gel-ice machine. Bureau Veritas Certification has certified that Kinarca's Food Security system applied to the design process, manufacturing assembly and maintenance of flo-ice machines is according...

• Publication date : 2009/02/24

Conference update: Sydney

The 9th IIR Gustav Lorentzen Conference Natural Working Fluids will be held in Sydney, Australia, on April 12-14, 2010. The call for papers and first announcement are now available:

• Publication date : 2009/05/18

New IIR Informatory Note on Refrigerant Charge Reduction

Now available for IIR members! The 25th IIR Informatory Note, the latest in the series on Refrigeration Technologies.

• Publication date : 2014/05/28

Discover the new IIR Publications Catalogue Update 2018

Regrouping the newest publications and works of the IIR in all fields of refrigeration, the IIR Publications Catalogue Update 2018 is now available.

• Publication date : 2018/06/28

Conference update: Ohrid

The 3rd IIR event in a series, Ammonia Refrigeration Technology was held on May 7-9, 2009, in Ohrid, Macedonia. With 95 participants from 24 countries and 32 papers presented, the event was very successful. A key focus of this series of...

• Publication date : 2009/05/27

New IIR Informatory Note: Advancements in Supermarket Refrigeration

Download your copy of the latest IIR Informatory Note on “Advancements in Supermarket Refrigeration”

• Publication date : 2018/04/04

ICR 2011 in Prague: a Resounding Success

The 23rd IIR International Congress of Refrigeration held in Prague, on August 21-26, 2011, was highly successful...

• Publication date : 2011/08/30

Review of F-gas regulation - IIR contribution

The IIR has responded to the European Commission consultation “Fluorinated greenhouse gases – review of EU rules (2015-20)” which aims to collect opinions and suggestions about the update of the F-gas Regulation...

• Publication date : 2020/09/06
• Subjects: Regulation, Environment, HFCs alternatives

New IIR Informatory Note on evaporative cooling

The latest IIR Informatory Note highlights that evaporative cooling is an energy-efficient technology that has many applications in air conditioning but also in short-term food storage. 

• Publication date : 2023/05/27

New IIR Working Party on LCCP evaluation: first meeting planned in Delft on June 28, 2012, during the 10th IIR-G. Lorentzen Conference

The IIR is inviting commission, private, and corporate members of the IIR and more generally all experts whose knowledge of the subject will benefit the working party to join it.

• Publication date : 2012/04/27

Cryogenic nitrogen in the food and beverage industry

The adoption of cryogenic processes in the food and beverage industry is predominantly driven by liquid nitrogen (LIN), and it is the preferred candidate for food chilling and...

• Last update : 2023/11/07
• Langues : English, French
• Themes : Freezing of foodstuffs