Search results

  • IIR document

    Low charge packaged ammonia refrigeration systems.

    • Author(s) : LAMB R.
    • Publication date: 2017/05/11
    • Languages : English
    • Keywords : Refrigerating system, Safety, Design, R717, Low charge, Refrigerant charge
    • Source: 7th Conference on Ammonia and CO2 Refrigeration Technology. Proceedings: Ohrid, North Macedonia, May 11-13, 2017.
    • Formats : PDF
  • Charge equation for low charge hydrocarbon based commercial refrigeration appliances.

    • Author(s) : BEEK M. van, GORP T. van, et al.
    • Publication date: 2018/07/09
    • Languages : English
    • Keywords : R600a, Isobutane, Commercial application, R290, Propane, Modelling, Low charge, Refrigerant charge
    • Source: 2018 Purdue Conferences. 17th International Refrigeration and Air-Conditioning Conference at Purdue.
    • Formats : PDF
  • IIR document

    Efficient very low charged ammonia systems.

    • Author(s) : HRNJAK P.
    • Publication date: 2017/05/11
    • Languages : English
    • Keywords : Industrial application, Safety, Chiller, R717, Urban environment, Low charge, Development, Refrigerant charge
    • Source: 7th Conference on Ammonia and CO2 Refrigeration Technology. Proceedings: Ohrid, North Macedonia, May 11-13, 2017.
    • Formats : PDF
  • Low charge ammonia systems.

    • Author(s) : RAGHAVAN K.
    • Publication date: 2017/01
    • Languages : English
    • Keywords : Natural refrigerant, Generality, Safety, Chiller, R717, Ammonia, Low charge
    • Source: Air Conditioning and Refrigeration Journal, Cold Chain - vol. 8 - n. 1
    • Formats : PDF
  • Recommended by the IIR / IIR document

    Low charge detection method for supermarket refrigeration systems.

    • Author(s) : GREEN T., IZADI-ZAMANABADI R., STUBBE E. L. H.
    • Publication date: 2022/06/13
    • Languages : English
    • Keywords : Low charge, Supermarket, Detection, Leakage, Maintenance, Case study, Denmark, France, Refrigerant charge
    • Source: 15th IIR-Gustav Lorentzen Conference on Natural Refrigerants (GL2022). Proceedings. Trondheim, Norway, June 13-15th 2022.
    • Formats : PDF
  • Medium capacity low charge ammonia chiller and heat pump.

    • Author(s) : SALGADO FUENTES V., MARKUSSEN W. B., ROTHUIZEN E. D., KRISTOFERSSON J., MADSEN C., ELMEGAARD B.
    • Publication date: 2021/08/31
    • Languages : English
    • Keywords : Low charge, Ammonia, Chiller, Heat pump, Refrigerant charge, Modelling, COP, Cooling, Heating
    • Source: 13th IEA Heat Pump Conference 2021: Heat Pumps – Mission for the Green World. Conference proceedings [full papers]
    • Formats : PDF
  • Compact low charge ammonia units for flow-ice, RSW and freezing.

    • Author(s) : POTGIETER E. F.
    • Publication date: 2017/04/06
    • Languages : English
    • Keywords : Ship, Sea transport, Cooling, R717, Fishing, Low charge, Refrigerant charge
    • Source: Sustainable management of refrigeration technologies in marine and off-shore fisheries sectors.
    • Formats : PDF
  • Sistema de refrigeración de baja carga de amoniaco en expansión seca aplicado a un túnel de congelados.

    Dry expansion refrigeration system with low ammonia charge applied to a freezing tunnel.

    • Author(s) : RODRIGUEZ-CRIADO J. C., GARCIA JIMENEZ M. J., RUIZ RUIZ A.
    • Publication date: 2022/04
    • Languages : Spanish
    • Keywords : Freezing, Tunnel, Ammonia, R717, Refrigerant charge, Low charge, Compressor, Modelling
    • Source: XI Congreso Ibérico y IX Congreso Iberoamericano de Ciencias y Técnicas del Frío, CYTEF 2022.
    • Formats : PDF
  • Recommended by the IIR / IIR document

    EcoPac – High temperature low charge Isobutane heat pump.

    • Author(s) : ÖLEN V., GRANRYD E., PALM B., ANDERSSON K., NOWACKI J. E.
    • Publication date: 2022/06/13
    • Languages : English
    • Keywords : Domestic heat pump, Isobutane, COP, Energy efficiency, Low charge, Design, Test rig, Refrigerant charge, R600a
    • Source: 15th IIR-Gustav Lorentzen Conference on Natural Refrigerants (GL2022). Proceedings. Trondheim, Norway, June 13-15th 2022.
    • Formats : PDF
  • Recommended by the IIR / IIR document

    Low charge ammonia systems designed as direct expansion.

    • Author(s) : ELSTROM M.
    • Publication date: 2021/09/16
    • Languages : English
    • Keywords : Ammonia, R717, Evaporator, Low charge, Low GWP, Cold storage, Australia, Case study, Direct expansion
    • Source: 9th IIR Conference on Ammonia and CO2 Refrigeration Technologies. Proceedings: Ohrid, North Macedonia, 16-17 September, 2021
    • Formats : PDF
  • Evaluation of a low charge heat pump circuit using propane.

    • Author(s) : DANKWERTH C., METHLER T., BRAUNGARDT S., SONNER C., OLTERSDORF T., MIARA M., SCHOSSIG P., SCHNABEL L.
    • Publication date: 2021/08/31
    • Languages : English
    • Keywords : Refrigerant charge, Propane, R290, Heat exchanger, Heat pump, Low charge, Test rig, Simulation
    • Source: 13th IEA Heat Pump Conference 2021: Heat Pumps – Mission for the Green World. Conference proceedings [full papers]
    • Formats : PDF
  • Recommended by the IIR / IIR document

    The future of low charge NH3 refrigerating plant.

    • Author(s) : JENSEN S.
    • Publication date: 2021/09/16
    • Languages : English
    • Keywords : Ammonia, R717, Low charge, Energy efficiency, Cold storage, Review, Refrigerating plant
    • Source: 9th IIR Conference on Ammonia and CO2 Refrigeration Technologies. Proceedings: Ohrid, North Macedonia, 16-17 September, 2021
    • Formats : PDF
  • IIR document

    Extreme low charge units with ammonia blend R723 applications in practice.

    • Author(s) : SVINGÁL J.
    • Publication date: 2019/04/11
    • Languages : English
    • Keywords : Chiller, R723, Ammonia, Heat pump, Mixture, Low charge
    • Source: 8th Conference on Ammonia and CO2 Refrigeration Technology. Proceedings: Ohrid, North Macedonia, Avril 11-13, 2019.
    • Formats : PDF
  • IIR document

    Low charge ammonia packaged refrigeration systems: achieving ultra-reliable operation.

    • Author(s) : HEGG T., LIEBENDORFER K., HAMILTON D., et al.
    • Publication date: 2019/04/11
    • Languages : English
    • Keywords : Generality, R717, Ammonia, Performance, Refrigerating plant, Low charge, Testing, Compressor
    • Source: 8th Conference on Ammonia and CO2 Refrigeration Technology. Proceedings: Ohrid, North Macedonia, Avril 11-13, 2019.
    • Formats : PDF
  • IIR document

    Multi-objective optimization of low charge liquid overfeed ammonia evaporators for industrial refrigeration.

    • Author(s) : KAERN M. R., MARKUSSEN W. B., KRISTOFERSSON J.
    • Publication date: 2019/04/11
    • Languages : English
    • Keywords : Industrial application, Flooded evaporator, Heat transfer, R717, Ammonia, Low charge, Expérimentation, Refrigerant charge
    • Source: 8th Conference on Ammonia and CO2 Refrigeration Technology. Proceedings: Ohrid, North Macedonia, Avril 11-13, 2019.
    • Formats : PDF
  • Hydrocarbon refrigerants

    Hydrocarbons such as R290 (propane), R600a (isobutane) or R1270 (propene/propylene) are low GWP non-toxic natural refrigerants with excellent thermodynamic properties. They offer an...

    • Last update : 2022/06/22
    • Langues : French, English
    • Themes : Hydrocarbons, Containment, refrigerant charge reduction
  • Additive manufacturing of regenerators for caloric cooling

    In many areas of engineering, additive manufacturing allows the production of complex and multifunctional products that could not be manufactured using traditional methods. In the...

    • Last update : 2022/09/16
    • Langues : French, English
    • Themes : Caloric cooling (magnetocaloric, electrocaloric, elastocaloric and barocaloric cooling)
  • Cryogenic nitrogen in the food and beverage industry

    The adoption of cryogenic processes in the food and beverage industry is predominantly driven by liquid nitrogen (LIN), and it is the preferred candidate for food chilling and...

    • Last update : 2023/11/07
    • Langues : French, English
    • Themes : Freezing of foodstuffs
  • Nanorefrigerants

    Nanorefrigerants are created by adding nanoparticles in suspension to a base refrigerant. They have a thermal conductivity that is 15% to 104% higher than that of the corresponding...

    • Last update : 2022/06/17
    • Langues : English, French
    • Themes : Nanofluids
  • Ice cream manufacturing, environmental impact and market data

    From a physico-chemical point of view, ice cream is a complex, frozen multiphase mixture. The manufacturing process includes several stages of freezing which are described in this...

    • Last update : 2023/06/30
    • Langues : French, English
    • Themes : Ice creams
  • Global HFC emissions from the refrigeration sector

    This table shows HFC emissions from the refrigeration sector – including air conditioning – in million tonnes of CO2 equivalent for about 40 countries that are signatories...

    • Last update : 2022/01/20
    • Langues : English
    • Themes : General information on environment (climate change, ozone depletion…)
  • Global warming potential (GWP) of HFC refrigerants

    Using the latest updated data from UNEP’s RTOC 2022 report, we have compiled the 100-year GWP and 20-year GWP values of hydrofluorocarbon-based (HFC) refrigerants. Our table includes...

    • Last update : 2023/09/15
    • Langues : French, English
    • Themes : HFCs
  • Cryogenics in the pharmaceutical industry: drug design and bioavailability improvement

    Research activities in the pharmaceutical sector focus primarily on developing novel drug formulations which can elicit the desired response upon being administered to the patient...

    • Last update : 2023/03/10
    • Langues : French, English
    • Themes : Freeze-drying in biology and medicine, Cryobiology, cryomedicine: general information
  • Additive manufacturing of heat exchangers

    In the refrigeration industry, additive manufacturing (colloquially referred to as “3D printing”) makes it possible to fabricate novel, complex and potentially more energy efficient...

    • Last update : 2022/09/07
    • Langues : French, English
    • Themes : Evaporators, condensers and other heat exchangers
  • Liquefied Natural Gas: production process and cold energy recovery

    Liquefied natural gas (LNG) is natural gas that has been cooled to about -160 °C and turned into a liquid to facilitate transportation and storage. A typical LNG supply chain...

    • Last update : 2023/06/23
    • Langues : French, English
    • Themes : LNG and LPG
  • Environmental impact of the ice cream industry

    This summary document describes the environmental impact of ice cream manufacturing, which is mainly due to the energy consumption and refrigerants used.

    • Last update : 2022/11/17
    • Langues : French, English
    • Themes : General information on environment (climate change, ozone depletion…)