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Produção de cerveja utilizando cevada e maltose de milho comoadjunto de malte: análises físico-química, sensorial e isotópica.

Beer production using barley and corn maltose as malt adjuncts: physicochemical, sensory and isotopic analyses.

• Author(s) : CURI R. A., VENTURINI FILHO W. G., DUCATTI C., et al.
• Publication date: 2008/10
• Languages : Portuguese
• Keywords : Manufacture, Brewery, Cooling, Beer, Physico-chemical property, Process, Barley, Malt
• Source: Braz. J. Food Technol. - vol. 11 - n. 4

IIR document

Application of refrigeration in malt production.

• Author(s) : PROKES J., DOSTALEK P., VESELY J.
• Publication date: 2011/08/21
• Languages : English
• Keywords : Refrigerating system, Germination, Czech Republic, Barley, Malt, Expérimentation
• Source: Proceedings of the 23^rd IIR International Congress of Refrigeration: Prague, Czech Republic, August 21-26, 2011. Overarching theme: Refrigeration for Sustainable Development.
• Formats : PDF

IIR document

OPTIMISATION AVEC CALCUL DU COP EN PERMANENCE GRACE AU PANDORE, D'UNE POMPE A CHALEUR A 3 ETAGES, DE 6.000 KILOWATT THERMIQUES POUR LE SECHAGE DE MALT.

MALT DRYING PLANT CONTROL BY CONTINUOUS COP CALCULATION OF A 6,000 KILOWATT 3-STAGE HEAT PUMP, USING A PANDORE MICROCOMPUTER.

• Author(s) : GALIAN F.
• Publication date: 1983/08/07
• Languages : French
• Keywords : Industrial application, Calculation, Automation, Control (automatic), Beer, Drying, Heat pump, Optimization, Microcomputer, Malt, COP
• Source: [Refrigeration serving humanity]. Proceedings of the XVI^th international Congress of Refrigeration.
• Formats : PDF

Estimation of safe storage periods for malting barley using a model of heat production based on respiration experiments.

• Author(s) : JACOBSEN E. E., FLEURAT-LESSARD F.
• Publication date: 2002/07/22
• Languages : English
• Keywords : Oxygen, Temperature, Respiration, Parameter, Barley, Modelling, Malt, CO2
• Source: Advances in stored product protection. Proceedings of the 8th International Working Conference on Stored Product Protection.

Survival of bacterial populations in finished beers and malt drinks of Nigeria at different storage temperatures and pH levels.

• Author(s) : PETTERS H., EKPENYONG E.
• Publication date: 2005/12
• Languages : English
• Keywords : Beverage, Beer, Bacteria, Survival, Ph, Malt, Nigeria, Cold storage, Storage condition
• Source: Int. J. Food Sci. Technol. - vol. 42 - n. 6

Optimización del ratio potencia total consumida en planta frigorífico con relación a la unidad de producto elaborado/tonelada de Malta, hectolitro de cerveza, etc.

Optimizing the energy consumption in refrigeration plants related to malt, beer, etc. production units.

• Author(s) : ANDUEZA D. J., GARRIDO D. M.
• Publication date: 2007/02
• Languages : Spanish
• Keywords : Energy consumption, Malt house, Brewery, Refrigerating plant
• Source: Frío Calor Aire acondicionado - vol. 34 - n. 389
• Formats : PDF

Evaluation of design features to achieve higher energy efficiency for a modern office building in Malta.

• Author(s) : YOUSIF C., CRISTÓBAL MANCHADO M.
• Publication date: 2013/06/16
• Languages : English
• Source: Clima 2013. 11th REHVA World Congress and 8th International Conference on Indoor Air Quality, Ventilation and Energy Conservation in Buildings.
• Formats : PDF

Renewable energy contribution of air-conditioning heat pumps for the domestic sector in Malta.

• Author(s) : YOUSIF C., RUIZ SANCHEZ C. J.
• Publication date: 2013/06/16
• Languages : English
• Source: Clima 2013. 11th REHVA World Congress and 8th International Conference on Indoor Air Quality, Ventilation and Energy Conservation in Buildings.
• Formats : PDF

IIR document

LE SYSTEME DE POMPE A CHALEUR DE LA MALTERIE MAUCLAIRE.

THE HEAT PUMP SYSTEM AT THE MAUCLAIRE MALT HOUSE.

• Author(s) : LAINE J. D., CURIS O., VRINAT G.
• Publication date: 1983/08/07
• Languages : French
• Keywords : Industrial application, Malt house, Heat recovery, Beer, Drying, Heat pump, Gas engine, Energy saving, COP
• Source: [Refrigeration serving humanity]. Proceedings of the XVI^th international Congress of Refrigeration.
• Formats : PDF

Absorptionskältemaschinen in der Praxis: Kälte aus Wärme.

Refrigeration absorption machines in practice: cold obtained using heat.

• Author(s) : SCHÄDLICH S.
• Publication date: 2005/03/04
• Languages : German
• Keywords : Technology, Generality, Malt house, Ammonia-water, Absorption system, Case study, Water-lithium bromide
• Source: CCI.Print - vol. 39 - n. 3
• Formats : PDF

Arrêté du 17 juin 2005 relatif aux prescriptions générales applicables aux installations classées soumises à déclaration sous la rubrique no 2220. Préparation ou conservation de produits alimentaires d'origine végétale par cuisson, appertisation, surgélation, congélation, lyophilisation, déshydratation, torréfaction, etc., à l'exclusion du sucre, de la fécule, du malt, des huiles et des aliments pour le bétail mais y compris les ateliers de maturation de fruits et légumes.

Decree dated June 17, 2005 concerning general conditions applicable to registered plants in conformity under section No. 2220. Preparation or preservation of foodstuffs of vegetable origin by cooking, sterilization, quick freezing, freezing, freeze drying, dehydration, roasting, etc., with the exception of sugar, starch, malt, oils and livestock feed, including ripening plants used for fruits and vegetables.

• Publication date: 2005/07/30
• Languages : French
• Source: J. off. Répub. fr., Lois Décrets - n. 176

Industrial Refrigeration Consensus 2004: environment, application, design. Summary of the Workshop.

• Organiser : DANFOSS
• Publication date: 2004/12
• Languages : English
• Keywords : Refrigeration, Refrigerating system, Industrial application, Energy consumption, Economy, Management, Malt house, R723, Ammonia, Prediction, Pump, Hydrocarbon, HFC, Transcritical cycle, Refrigerant, Heat exchanger, Plate exchanger, CO2

IIR document

Handbook on Ice Slurries: Fundamentals and Engineering.

• Author(s) : IIF-IIR, KAUFFELD M., KAWAJI M., EGOLF P. W.
• Publication date: 2005
• Languages : English
• Keywords : Two-phase heat carrier, Thermodynamics, Thermal property, Office, Ice slurry, Ice, Generality, Food application, Safety, Economy, Commercial application, Calculation, Building, Manufacture, Malt house, Bibliography, Meat, Transport, Heat transfer, Design, Rheology, Tank, Air cooler, Chilling, Recommendation, Aqueous solution, Physical property, Supermarket, Storage, Tertiary sector, Prediction, Pump, Fish, Optimization, Mine, Mixture, Vegetable, Dairy, Guide, Testing, Crystallization, Crystal, Corrosion, Control (generic), Freezing, Fruit, Secondary refrigerant, Thermal comfort, Air conditioning, Change of phase, Heat exchanger, Plate exchanger, Pressure drop, Thermal energy storage
• Formats : PDF

IIR document

A HEAT PUMP FOR BATCH DISTILLATION.

• Author(s) : HODGETT D. L.
• Publication date: 1985/06/19
• Languages : English
• Source: Systems and components for large heat pumps.
• Formats : PDF

IIR document

THE OPTIMIZATION OF MULTISTAGE HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS.

• Author(s) : BENSTEAD R.
• Publication date: 1985/06/19
• Languages : English
• Source: Systems and components for large heat pumps.
• Formats : PDF

European Commission warns Italy and Malta on F-gas issues

The EC warned Italy and Malta that they could face legal action if they fail to comply with the F-gas regulation.

• Publication date : 2012/06/05
• Subjects: Regulation

Briefs: Is air conditioning good for health?

Air conditioning (AC) could blunt the ill effects of air pollution, according to a recent study by Bell et al. from Yale University, published in Epidemiology in September 2009. The study investigated the short-term effects of particulate matter...

• Publication date : 2010/03/07

The first LNG freight locomotive in the Baltics

An Estonian company is testing the first LNG-powered locomotive in the Baltic countries. Significant reductions in greenhouse gas emissions are expected.

• Publication date : 2021/08/23
• Subjects: Technology

Markets: Reduced cooling and heating might improve health

Results of a study performed by Berkeley Lab. - a US Department of Energy national laboratory - suggest that operating buildings in ways designed to save energy - with indoor temperatures slightly cooler in winter and warmer in summer - does more...

• Publication date : 2009/05/18

Healthcare cold chain logistic services market: huge growth expected

Research and Markets has published a report entitled "Global Healthcare Cold Chain Logistics Market Report & Forecast (2011-2016). The report emphasizes that strong growth in the sales of temperature-sensitive healthcare products is...

• Publication date : 2011/12/29

The French Health Protection Agency (InVS) warns against Legionella outbreaks

In an official statement dated July 2004, the French Health Protection Agency called for vigilance with regards to the risk of Legionella outbreaks during summer 2004. In 2003, 1044 legionella cases were recorded in France and 129 patients died....

• Publication date : 2004/09/14

Global healthcare cold chain logistics market

The healthcare cold chain logistic services market to expand from current figure of USD 7.3 billion to nearly USD 11.4 billion by 2018.

• Publication date : 2014/03/19

Solar energy improves medical healthcare in sub-Saharan Africa

UNDP develops the Solar for Health project in Zambia and Zimbabwe. More than 400 healthcare centres are now equipped with solar panels and the health products' cold chain is preserved.

• Publication date : 2019/02/28
• Subjects: Developing country

Probiotic ice cream to boost oral health for children

A recent Indian study, which was published in the Journal of Clinical and Diagnostic Research, used ice cream to test the effectiveness of probiotic bacteria on oral health.

• Publication date : 2015/05/22

Cool bedrooms are healthier

A recent study published in Diabetes, June 2014 issue, shows that cooler bedrooms could enhance the production of « brown fat »

• Publication date : 2014/12/19

Chilled beam for health care rooms

The benefits of implementing active chilled beams include downsized ductwork/equipment, energy reductions of up to 50% in some cases, decreased maintenance, optimal comfort and indoor air quality (IAQ)

• Publication date : 2014/03/26

Indoor air pollution as a health risk

On September 7, industry associations issued an urgent statement to European Union institutions to highlight the importance of indoor air quality in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic.

• Publication date : 2021/11/22

The need for air conditioning is increasing in the EU

Recent Eurostat figures show an increase in the number of cooling degree days in the EU-27 Member States. This indicates an increase in the need for air conditioning over the last decades.

• Publication date : 2021/05/31
• Subjects: Environment, General information

Sustainable air-conditioning solutions in EU buildings

In a recent briefing note, the European Environment Agency (EEA) discusses sustainable solutions to the growing need for cooling in Europe.

• Publication date : 2022/12/15
• Subjects: General information

The sharp increase in refrigeration needs should be better reflected in public policies

Recently released degree-day indicators confirm the steady progression of cooling needs compared to heating in the EU. Globally, energy consumption from refrigeration (including air...

• Publication date : 2022/07/08
• Subjects: Environment

Healthcare ColDays 2022: innovations in refrigeration and health

The French Association of Refrigeration (Association Française du Froid) is organising a day dedicated to the latest technical and scientific developments in the field of refrigeration and health on 26 April...

• Publication date : 2022/02/04

Healthcare drones: Countless advantages for a healthier society

With the objective of making it possible for those who require urgent healthcare supplies delivered as often and as regularly as necessary, various companies are now pushing the possibilities of exploiting drones to deliver healthcare supplies...

• Publication date : 2017/03/22

Discover the 30th Informatory Note on Heat-Sensitive Health Products

In this Informatory Note, the IIR has defined the issues and challenges that need to be addressed in order to ensure that reliable cold chains, along the distribution chain of products essential to public health, are put in place.

• Publication date : 2016/01/13

Commission C1: At the forefront of Cryobiology, Cryomedicine and Health Products

The commission has clearly defined objectives in cryobiology, cryomedicine and health products research; knowledge dissemination; technology transfer and education.

• Publication date : 2016/06/01

The “Projects on clean and efficient refrigeration solutions for food and healthcare sectors in developing countries” workshop at ICCC 2022

An IIR workshop which has gathered the current projects in developing countries that will help to raise awareness among the industry, farmers, policymakers, and consumers… on the importance of adopting a...

• Publication date : 2022/04/29

Sign-up to workshop at ICCC 2022: Clean and efficient refrigeration solutions for food and healthcare

Join the free online workshop on April 13 which will present the ongoing projects in developing countries that will help promote the adoption of climate-friendly refrigeration technologies.

• Publication date : 2022/03/07
• Subjects: Developing country, Environment

New EU funded project began on October 1st, 2021: “SophiA - Sustainable off-grid solutions for pharmacies and hospitals in Africa”

With a budget of 8 million euros over four years, SophiA will develop containerized solutions for hospitals using natural refrigerants, solar thermal and photovoltaics to enable more and more African people to...

• Publication date : 2021/10/21
• Subjects: Technology, HFCs alternatives, Developing country, Environment

The Cold Chain: A logistical challenge at the heart of the distribution of the COVID-19 vaccine 

Gérald Cavalier - President of the Science and Technology Council of the International Institute of Refrigeration, President of the French Association of Refrigeration, President of the Cemafroid...

• Publication date : 2020/11/23
• Subjects: Technology, General information

Participation of the IIR in the 31st Meeting of the Parties (MOP 31)

The 31st Meeting of the Parties (MOP 31) took place on November 4-8, 2019 in Italy at FAO headquarters. The Rome declaration on the reduction of food losses was signed.

• Publication date : 2019/11/29
• Subjects: Regulation, Environment, General information

IIR engages in COP13/MOP36 and COP29 to highlight the key role of sustainable refrigeration for all in handling climate change

Two major events in the fight against climate change and protecting the future of our planet, COP13/MOP36 and COP29, are held in October and November. The IIR is taking part in these United Nations conferences...

• Publication date : 2024/10/31
• Subjects: Regulation, Environment, General information

The essential role of refrigeration in the combat against COVID-19

Statement of the International Institute of Refrigeration calling governments to consider refrigeration-related services as “essential services” in the context of the current health crisis due to COVID-19.

• Publication date : 2020/04/14
• Subjects: Figures, economy, Technology, Developing country, Regulation, Environment, General information

Download the latest technical papers from the IIR Cryogenics Conference

Held on 8-11 April this year, the 15th IIR Cryogenics Conference welcomed over 120 guests from more than 22 countries.

• Publication date : 2019/07/02

The 30th Conference of the Parties to the Montreal Protocol in Quito, Equador

The 30th Conference of the Parties to the Montreal Protocol took place in Quito (Equador) on 5-9 November 2018. Didier Coulomb, Director General of the IIR, made a statement.

• Publication date : 2018/11/22
• Subjects: HFCs alternatives, Regulation

Continued IIR commitment to reduce refrigerant emissions

This week at UNESCO headquarter in Paris, the IIR is attending the Joint 10th Meeting of the Conference of the Parties to the Vienna Convention and the 26th Meeting of the Parties to the Montreal Protocol.

• Publication date : 2014/11/19
• Subjects: HFCs alternatives, Regulation

Review of F-gas regulation - IIR contribution

The IIR has responded to the European Commission consultation “Fluorinated greenhouse gases – review of EU rules (2015-20)” which aims to collect opinions and suggestions about the update of the F-gas Regulation...

• Publication date : 2020/09/06
• Subjects: HFCs alternatives, Regulation, Environment

Hydrocarbon refrigerants

Hydrocarbons such as R290 (propane), R600a (isobutane) or R1270 (propene/propylene) are low GWP non-toxic natural refrigerants with excellent thermodynamic properties. They offer an...

• Last update : 2022/06/22
• Langues : French, English
• Themes : Hydrocarbons, Containment, refrigerant charge reduction

Ice cream manufacturing, environmental impact and market data

From a physico-chemical point of view, ice cream is a complex, frozen multiphase mixture. The manufacturing process includes several stages of freezing which are described in this...

• Last update : 2023/06/30
• Langues : French, English
• Themes : Ice creams

Nanorefrigerants

Nanorefrigerants are created by adding nanoparticles in suspension to a base refrigerant. They have a thermal conductivity that is 15% to 104% higher than that of the corresponding...

• Last update : 2022/06/17
• Langues : English, French
• Themes : Nanofluids

Cryogenics in the pharmaceutical industry: drug design and bioavailability improvement

Research activities in the pharmaceutical sector focus primarily on developing novel drug formulations which can elicit the desired response upon being administered to the patient...

• Last update : 2023/03/10
• Langues : French, English
• Themes : Freeze-drying in biology and medicine, Cryobiology, cryomedicine: general information

Additive manufacturing of regenerators for caloric cooling

In many areas of engineering, additive manufacturing allows the production of complex and multifunctional products that could not be manufactured using traditional methods. In the...

• Last update : 2022/09/16
• Langues : French, English
• Themes : Caloric cooling (magnetocaloric, electrocaloric, elastocaloric and barocaloric cooling)

Environmental impact of the ice cream industry

This summary document describes the environmental impact of ice cream manufacturing, which is mainly due to the energy consumption and refrigerants used.

• Last update : 2022/11/17
• Langues : French, English
• Themes : General information on environment (climate change, ozone depletion…)

Cold storage conditions for fruits and vegetables

Practical recommendations for the cold storage of over 200 cultivars of fruits, vegetables and herbs (storage temperatures, relative humidity, storage time, controlled atmosphere...

• Last update : 2023/01/16
• Langues : French, English
• Themes : Fruit, Vegetables

Cryogenic nitrogen in the food and beverage industry

The adoption of cryogenic processes in the food and beverage industry is predominantly driven by liquid nitrogen (LIN), and it is the preferred candidate for food chilling and...

• Last update : 2023/11/07
• Langues : French, English
• Themes : Freezing of foodstuffs

Kigali Amendment status per country

List of the 163 countries that have accepted, approved or ratified the Kigali Amendment as of November 15, 2024.

• Last update : 2024/11/15
• Langues : English
• Themes : Regulations and standardization (Montreal and Kyoto Protocols…)

Global HFC emissions from the refrigeration sector

This table shows HFC emissions from the refrigeration sector – including air conditioning – in million tonnes of CO2 equivalent for about 40 countries that are signatories...

• Last update : 2022/01/20
• Langues : English
• Themes : General information on environment (climate change, ozone depletion…)

Liquefied Natural Gas: production process and cold energy recovery

Liquefied natural gas (LNG) is natural gas that has been cooled to about -160 °C and turned into a liquid to facilitate transportation and storage. A typical LNG supply chain...

• Last update : 2023/06/23
• Langues : French, English
• Themes : LNG and LPG

Thermophysical properties of HFO refrigerants

Thermophysical properties of over 50 HFO refrigerants, including single-component and blends.

• Last update : 2022/06/17
• Langues : English
• Themes : HFO et HCFO, Blends

Thermophysical properties of hydrocarbon refrigerants

Thermophysical properties of over 20 hydrocarbon refrigerants, including single-component and blends.

• Last update : 2022/06/17
• Langues : English
• Themes : Hydrocarbons, Blends

Thermophysical properties of HFC refrigerants

Thermophysical properties of over 100 HFC refrigerants, including single-component and blends.

• Last update : 2022/06/17
• Langues : English
• Themes : HFCs, HFO et HCFO, Blends