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Cryogenic 3D printing of super soft hydrogels.

• Author(s) : TAN Z., PARISI C., DI SILVIO L., et al.
• Publication date: 2017/11/16
• Languages : English
• Source: Nature Scientific Reports

IIR document

The cryopreservation of mice skins for 5 weeks at -20°C and of human skin for 33 years at -196°C.

• Author(s) : SUMIDA S., YAGI H., ROWE A. W.
• Publication date: 2016/09/08
• Languages : English
• Keywords : Storage, Mouse, Skin, Expérimentation, Human being, Cryopreservation
• Source: 2^nd IIR Workshop on cold applications in life sciences.
• Formats : PDF

Study on cryopreservation of mouse ovary tissues by vitrification.

[In Chinese. / En chinois.]

• Author(s) : WANG Y., HAN Y., WANG J., et al.
• Publication date: 2008/02
• Languages : Chinese
• Keywords : Vitrification, Uterus, Tissue, Mouse, Cryogenics, Cryopreservation
• Source: Journal of Refrigeration - vol. 29 - n. 119
• Formats : PDF

Intracellular ice formation of mouse osteoblasts during cryopreservation.

[In Chinese. / En chinois.]

• Author(s) : LIU B. L., MCGRATH J., HUA Z.
• Publication date: 2007/02
• Languages : Chinese
• Keywords : Ice, Cell, Research, Mouse, Bone, Cryopreservation, Crystallization
• Source: Journal of Refrigeration - vol. 28 - n. 1
• Formats : PDF

IIR document

SHORT TERM STORAGE OF MOUSE EMBRYOS BY NON-FREEZING METHODS.

• Author(s) : SUN Z. Q., CRAVALHO E. G.
• Publication date: 1987/08/24
• Languages : English
• Keywords : Automation, Cooling, Mouse, Embryo, Cryopreservation
• Source: Development in refrigeration, refrigeration for development. Proceedings of the XVIIth international Congress of Refrigeration.
• Formats : PDF

Mass generation rates of ammonia, moisture, and heat production in mouse cages with two bedding types, two mouse strains, and two room relative humidities.

• Author(s) : RISKOWSKI G. L., HARRISON P. C., MEMARZADEH F.
• Publication date: 2006
• Languages : English
• Keywords : Heat, Measurement, Laboratory, Ammonia, Mouse, Humidity, Air conditioning
• Source: ASHRAE Transactions. 2006 Winter Meeting. Volume 112, part 1 + CD-ROM.

IIR document

The effect of cryopreservation on the expression of stemness-genes in mouse fetal liver cells.

• Author(s) : BORYSOV P., DIMITROV A., OSTANKOV M., et al.
• Publication date: 2014/04/07
• Languages : English
• Keywords : Cryotherapy, Cryobiology, Cell, Mouse, Cryopreservation, Liver
• Source: Cryogenics 2014. Proceedings of the 13^th IIR International Conference: Prague, Czech Republic, April 7-11, 2014.
• Formats : PDF

IIR document

Analysis of IDO gene expressions in mouse fetal liver mesenchymal stem cells after cryopreservation using different programs.

• Author(s) : DIMITROV A., BONDAROVICH N., CHELOMBITKO O., et al.
• Publication date: 2014/04/07
• Languages : English
• Keywords : Cryotherapy, Cell, Mouse, Expérimentation, Cryopreservation, Liver
• Source: Cryogenics 2014. Proceedings of the 13^th IIR International Conference: Prague, Czech Republic, April 7-11, 2014.
• Formats : PDF

Cryoablation for malignant bone and soft tissue tumors.

• Author(s) : YAMAKADO K., NAKATSUKA A., YAMANAKA T., et al.
• Publication date: 2014/09
• Languages : English
• Source: Low Temperature Medicine - vol. 40 - n. 3
• Formats : PDF

IIR document

CRYOSURGERY AS A METHOD FOR THE TREATMENT OF SELECTED TUMOURS OF ORAL SOFT TISSUES.

• Author(s) : JARZAB G., HUTOWSKA-LUKASIEWICZ M., SZYSZKOWSKA A.
• Publication date: 1981/06/01
• Languages : English
• Source: Cryosurgery and medical applications of refrigeration: current situation and perspectives.
• Formats : PDF

Spermatozoa and spermatids retrieved from frozen reproductive organs or frozen whole bodies of male mice can produce normal offspring.

• Author(s) : OGONUKI N., MOCHIDA K., MIKI H., et al.
• Publication date: 2006/08/29
• Languages : English
• Keywords : Sperm, Mouse, Expérimentation, Cryopreservation
• Source: PNAS - vol. 103 - n. 35

IIR document

Cryopreservation of mutant mice.

• Author(s) : SCHENKEL J., DIERCKS A. K., STAUDT M., et al.
• Publication date: 2014/04/07
• Languages : English
• Keywords : Sperm, Cryobiology, Mouse, Embryo, Cryopreservation, Cryobank
• Source: Cryogenics 2014. Proceedings of the 13^th IIR International Conference: Prague, Czech Republic, April 7-11, 2014.
• Formats : PDF

IIR document

EFFECTS OF CRYOPRESERVATION ON HAEMATOPOIETIC STEM CELLS DIFFERENTIATION AND T-DIFFERENTIATING LYMPHOCYTES FUNCTION.

• Author(s) : IGNASHOVA L. P.
• Publication date: 1987/08/24
• Languages : English
• Keywords : Lymphocyte, Lymph, Mouse, Blood, Marrow, Graft, Cryopreservation
• Source: Development in refrigeration, refrigeration for development. Proceedings of the XVIIth international Congress of Refrigeration.
• Formats : PDF

Effect of microwave thawing on the viability of mice bone marrow cells cryopreserved by vitrification.

[In Chinese. / En chinois.]

• Author(s) : HU J., YANG Q., HUANG P., et al.
• Publication date: 2008/08
• Languages : Chinese
• Keywords : Vitrification, Thawing, Cell, Microwave, Mouse, Marrow, Expérimentation, Cryopreservation
• Source: Journal of Refrigeration - vol. 29 - n. 4
• Formats : PDF

Evaluation of cryosurgery-hyperthermia treatment utilizing Peltier thermoelectric effect for living tissue.

[In Japanese. / En japonais.]

• Author(s) : TAKAHASHI D., SONE K., FUKUMOTO I.
• Publication date: 2007
• Languages : Japanese
• Keywords : Cryobiology, Treatment, Thermoelectricity, Stirling, Mouse, Hypothermia, Peltier effect, Cryocooler, Cryosurgery, Liver
• Source: Transactions of the Japan Society of Refrigerating and Air Conditioning Engineers - vol. 24 - n. 3

Foam blowing agents: use of R1233zd(E) is expanding

Honeywell announced that TCL, one of China’s largest appliance manufacturers, selected HFO1233zd(E) as foam blowing agent in its domestic refrigerators.

• Publication date : 2017/12/18

Red House cold store

Britain's Culture Department has decided to give listed building protection to the Red House cold store, which is part of the former fish market in London's historic Smithfield Market. The Red House is thought to be the oldest cold store in...

• Publication date : 2005/07/19

Refrigerated warehouse capacity and urban development

Among other data, the 2012 IARW Global Cold Storage Capacity Report focuses on the relationship between refrigerated warehouse capacities and urban population levels.

• Publication date : 2013/05/28
• Subjects: Figures, economy

Briefs: NOAA Greenhouse Gas Index

Researchers at the US National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) developed what they call a "scientifically unambiguous" index, that they say will allow them to track changes in the gases that contribute the most to the warming...

• Publication date : 2009/02/24

The International Association of Refrigerated Warehouses

The International Association of Refrigerated Warehouses has just published a top 20 list of public warehouse facilities rated according to available refrigerated space. The total combined space of these international top 20 members of IARW is...

• Publication date : 2005/09/30

Household refrigerator market in Japan

Japanese consumers are opting for energy efficient appliances with lower price tags than in the past. During the second quarter of 2011, demand for refrigerators rose 9%, then reached over 529 000 units in July (+2.6% compared with July 2010)....

• Publication date : 2012/03/15
• Subjects: Figures, economy

Brief: Transit warehouse dedicated to pharmaceutical products

DHL Danzas Air & Ocean has created one of the first air transit warehouses under customs with controlled temperature solely dedicated to pharmaceutical products. This 1000 m2 warehouse is intended for pharmaceutical and derived products with...

• Publication date : 2004/11/10

Recycling greenhouse gases thanks to cryogenics

A new technology, developed and patented by ABB, enables comprehensive recycling of contaminated sulphur hexafluoride (SF6) gas by using an energy-efficient cryogenic process.

• Publication date : 2012/10/01

Logistic innovation: transit warehouse dedicated to pharmaceutical products

DHL Danzas Air & Ocean has created one of the first air transit warehouses under customs with controlled temperature solely dedicated to pharmaceutical products. This 1000 m2 warehouse is intended for pharmaceutical and derived products with...

• Publication date : 2004/09/14

Newly introduced Synthetic Greenhouse Gas Levy in New-Zealand

On July 1, 2013 the Synthetic Greenhouse Gas (SGG) Levy entered into force in New Zealand and applies to a range of goods including freezers, fridges and air conditioners.

• Publication date : 2013/08/20

USDA reports 8% increase in US refrigerated warehouse capacity in 2025

The United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) has released its biennial report on the country's refrigerated warehouse capacity for the year 2025, revealing a slight increase since 2023.

• Publication date : 2026/02/17
• Subjects: Figures, economy

Radio frequency technology makes warehouses more efficient and safer

Industrial Conveying has developed new technology for high-rise warehouses. Each crane communicates with every stationary object on its racks. The High Bay Stacker is managed by Radio Frequency (RF) and makes it possible to use very high spaces....

• Publication date : 2011/07/01

US: EPA approves 3 hydrocarbon refrigerants for household and commercial uses

The US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) has added 3 hydrocarbons as acceptable alternatives in household refrigerators and freezers, combination refrigerator-freezers, and commercial stand-alone units through EPA’s Significant New...

• Publication date : 2012/02/13
• Subjects: Regulation

Expansion in Purdue University will house a “smart-buildings” lab

Purdue University is expanding the Ray W. Herrick Laboratories. The expanded labs will house the Center for High Performance Buildings, where research is focused on new equipment and operational technologies to develop an understanding of the...

• Publication date : 2011/08/17

Household refrigerators: HFO performance as drop-in replacement for R-134a

During the IIR co-sponsored International Refrigeration and Air-conditioning Conference at Purdue in 2012, K.M Karber et al. from Oak Ridge National Laboratory, United States, presented* the results of a performance test on R1234yf and R1234ze,...

• Publication date : 2013/06/07

CryoHub Webinar

CryoHub the EU funded project to demonstrate the potential for cryogenic energy storage at refrigerated warehouses will hold a webinar on 17th March 2021 to share findings and results of this work.

• Publication date : 2020/11/27

Discover the 35th IIR Informatory Note on “The Impact of the Refrigeration Sector on Climate Change”

The 35th IIR Informatory Note on “The Impact of the Refrigeration Sector on Climate Change” reviews existing data to estimate past greenhouse gas emissions generated by refrigeration systems and make projections for the future.

• Publication date : 2017/12/05

Join the IIR to stay up-to-date!

The world of refrigeration is changing rapidly and must continue to accelerate its adaptation to the challenges of climate change: very low greenhouse effect refrigerants, greatly increased energy efficiency,...

• Publication date : 2021/12/15

Review of F-gas regulation - IIR contribution

The IIR has responded to the European Commission consultation “Fluorinated greenhouse gases – review of EU rules (2015-20)” which aims to collect opinions and suggestions about the update of the F-gas Regulation...

• Publication date : 2020/09/06
• Subjects: Regulation, Environment, HFCs alternatives

News from IIR members: Danfoss

A pleasant indoor climate and no energy costs. This is what it feels like to live in the Zero+ house - the first home in Denmark that produces more power than is actually consumed. The house supplies its own heating and electricity and generates...

• Publication date : 2011/02/04

The IIR at COP13/CMP3 in Bali

During the United Nations Conference on Climate Change which was held in Bali, Indonesia on December 3-14, 2007, delegates have agreed on both the agenda for the negotiations and a 2009 deadline for completing them. However, the text does not...

• Publication date : 2007/12/27

IIR Working Party on Refrigerant Charge Reduction in Refrigerating Systems: Join Us!

Suitable design of refrigerating systems has several benefits in terms of limitation of the environmental impact thanks to a reduction in the energy consumption and the limitation of refrigerant emissions. The direct greenhouse effect accounts for...

• Publication date : 2008/10/25

IIR Working Parties

The IIR has 10 commissions: Cryophysics, cryoegineering (A1); Liquefaction and separation of gases (A2); Thermodynamics and transfer processes(B1); Refrigerating equipment (B2); Cryobiology, cryomedicine (C1); Food science and engineering (C2);...

• Publication date : 2009/12/09

Participation of the IIR at COP-10

On December 6-18, 2004, over 6100 participants from 169 countries attended the 10th Conference of the Parties (COP-10) to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC)  held at the Rural Exhibition Center in Buenos Aires ,...

• Publication date : 2005/02/11

News from the IIR WP on Mitigation of Emissions

Consult here the minutes of the first meeting of the IIR Working Party on Mitigation of Direct Emissions of Greenhouse Gases in Refrigeration chaired by Per Lundqvist.

• Publication date : 2010/12/02

Climespace

Who cools the Louvre, the French parliament, the Paris Opera House, the Bank of France, Chanel, Dior, Galeries Lafayette, several 5-star hotels and many other buildings? The answer is Climespace. With 475 customers, 5 million m² cooled and...

• Publication date : 2011/02/04

IIR Working Party Mitigation of Direct Emissions of GHGs

The second meeting of the IIR Working Party Mitigation of Direct Emissions of Greenhouse Gases in Refrigeration (WP_MRE) will take place at the International Institute of Refrigeration, 177, Boulevard Malesherbes, 75017 Paris, on February 9, 2011,...

• Publication date : 2010/12/23

News from IIR members: Carrier CO2NSERVATION meter

The Carrier CO2NSERVATION meter calculates avoided greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions as a result of the installation of high efficiency Carrier air-conditioning, heating and refrigeration systems by customers around the world since 2000. Buildings in...

• Publication date : 2011/02/07

Brief: Dr Peter Egolf

Dr Peter Egolf, President of the IIR's Working Party on Magnetic Refrigeration, and his team at the Institut de Génie Thermique de l'Ecole d'ingénieurs du Canton de Vaud has won the Prix Spécial Energie awarded by the Office Fédéral de l'Energie...

• Publication date : 2006/05/05

News from IIR members: Mayekawa

Mayekawa has supplied 6 Pascal Air units to Fukazawa Reizo's refrigerated fish warehouse in Yaizu, Japan. The Pascal Air units were launched recently and comprise a turbo-type expander, a compressor, a primary cooler and a heat recovery heat...

• Publication date : 2010/05/27

Global HFC emissions from the refrigeration sector

This table shows HFC emissions from the refrigeration sector – including air conditioning – in million tonnes of CO2 equivalent for about 40 countries that are signatories...

• Last update : 2022/01/20
• Langues : English
• Themes : General information on environment (climate change, ozone depletion…)

Hydrocarbon refrigerants

Hydrocarbons such as R290 (propane), R600a (isobutane) or R1270 (propene/propylene) are low GWP non-toxic natural refrigerants with excellent thermodynamic properties. They offer an...

• Last update : 2022/06/22
• Langues : English, French
• Themes : Hydrocarbons, Containment, refrigerant charge reduction

Cold storage conditions for fruits and vegetables

Practical recommendations for the cold storage of over 200 cultivars of fruits, vegetables and herbs (storage temperatures, relative humidity, storage time, controlled atmosphere...

• Last update : 2023/01/16
• Langues : English, French
• Themes : Fruit, Vegetables

Liquefied Natural Gas: production process and cold energy recovery

Liquefied natural gas (LNG) is natural gas that has been cooled to about -160 °C and turned into a liquid to facilitate transportation and storage. A typical LNG supply chain...

• Last update : 2023/06/23
• Langues : English, French
• Themes : LNG and LPG

Ice cream manufacturing, environmental impact and market data

From a physico-chemical point of view, ice cream is a complex, frozen multiphase mixture. The manufacturing process includes several stages of freezing which are described in this...

• Last update : 2023/06/30
• Langues : English, French
• Themes : Ice creams

Cryogenics in the pharmaceutical industry: drug design and bioavailability improvement

Research activities in the pharmaceutical sector focus primarily on developing novel drug formulations which can elicit the desired response upon being administered to the patient...

• Last update : 2023/03/10
• Langues : English, French
• Themes : Freeze-drying in biology and medicine, Cryobiology, cryomedicine: general information

For IIR members only

Heat pump stock in Europe

This table presents the stock of installed heat pumps, the CO2 emissions avoided and the number of jobs in the heat pump sector in Europe.

• Last update : 2021/12/14
• Langues : English
• Themes : Heat pumps, energy recovery: economics and statistics

Cryogenic nitrogen in the food and beverage industry

The adoption of cryogenic processes in the food and beverage industry is predominantly driven by liquid nitrogen (LIN), and it is the preferred candidate for food chilling and...

• Last update : 2023/11/07
• Langues : English, French
• Themes : Freezing of foodstuffs