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IIR document

Cryoprotective potential of vegetable powders and polydextrose in frozen bread doughs.

• Author(s) : SOUZA GUIMARÃES D. J., AUDINO ZAMBELLI R., MARCOS RODRIGUES A. A., FERREIRA PONTES D. S.
• Publication date: 2025/04
• Languages : English
• Source: International Journal of Refrigeration - Revue Internationale du Froid - vol. 172
• Formats : PDF

Effect of Freezing Wheat Dough Enriched with Calcium Salts with/without Inulin on Bread Quality.

• Author(s) : CARBONI A. D., GÓMEZ-ZAVAGLIA A., PUPPO M. C., SALINAS M. V.
• Publication date: 2022/07
• Languages : English
• Source: Foods - vol. 11 - n. 13
• Formats : PDF

IIR document

Effects of CO₂ snow addition during kneading on thermoregulation, dough rheological properties, and bread characteristics: A focus on ancient and modern wheat cultivars.

• Author(s) : CAPPELLI A., CANESSA J., CINI E.
• Publication date: 2020/09
• Languages : English
• Source: International Journal of Refrigeration - Revue Internationale du Froid - vol. 117
• Formats : PDF

Addition of encapsulated evoo in the breadcrumbs improves food safety and shelf life of refrigerated MAP packaged chicken nuggets.

• Author(s) : BARON-YUSTY M., ROS-CHUMILLAS M., MARTÍNEZ HERNÁNDEZ G. B., LÓPEZ GÓMEZ A.
• Publication date: 2022/04
• Languages : English
• Source: XI Congreso Ibérico y IX Congreso Iberoamericano de Ciencias y Técnicas del Frío, CYTEF 2022.
• Formats : PDF

Refrigerated clean room processing and packaging increases shelf life of refrigerated MAP packaged breaded products.

• Author(s) : BARON-YUSTY M., ROS-CHUMILLAS M., MARTÍNEZ HERNÁNDEZ G. B., LÓPEZ GÓMEZ A.
• Publication date: 2022/04
• Languages : English
• Source: XI Congreso Ibérico y IX Congreso Iberoamericano de Ciencias y Técnicas del Frío, CYTEF 2022.
• Formats : PDF

Frozen food convenience market. The category that never goes out of style

• Author(s) : NAGVENKAR S.
• Publication date: 2020/11
• Languages : English
• Source: Frozen Food Europe - vol. 32 - n. 6

IIR document

What everybody should know about whole-body cryotherapy/cryostimulation: An up-dated mini review.

• Author(s) : DUGUE B., DOUZI W., CARETTE P., et al.
• Publication date: 2019/08/24
• Languages : English
• Source: Proceedings of the 25^th IIR International Congress of Refrigeration: Montréal , Canada, August 24-30, 2019.
• Formats : PDF

IIR document

Performance analysis of a CO₂-ice heat pump.

• Author(s) : SOYLEMEZ E., ERB K., SCHUBERT M., GERBER R., CARBONELL D., HAZAKIRI M. M., HAFNER A.
• Publication date: 2023/04/27
• Languages : English
• Source: 10^th IIR Conference on Ammonia and CO₂ Refrigeration Technologies.
• Formats : PDF

IIR document

Is whole-body cryostimulation useful in post-Covid19 condition ? Preliminary results from an Italian experience.

• Author(s) : PITERA P., VERME F., CATTALDO S., BRUNANI A., FONTANA J. M., CAPODAGLIO P.
• Publication date: 2023/08/21
• Languages : English
• Source: Proceedings of the 26^th IIR International Congress of Refrigeration: Paris , France, August 21-25, 2023.
• Formats : PDF

Recommended by the IIR / IIR document

Studies on the pressure distribution inside palletised packages during precooling.

• Author(s) : TAPIA-ZAPATA N., LOVE R. J., NOWAK E., EAST A. R.
• Publication date: 2020/08/26
• Languages : English
• Source: 6^th IIR International Conference on Sustainability and the Cold Chain. Proceedings: Nantes, France, August 26-28 2020
• Formats : PDF

Inhibition of corrosion in amine air cooled heat exchanger: experimental and numerical study.

• Author(s) : VALEH-E-SHEYDA P., RASHIDI H.
• Publication date: 2016/04/05
• Languages : English
• Source: Applied Thermal Engineering - vol. 98

IIR document

Difference in skin temperature variation between whole-­ and partial-­body cryotherapy devices : A new approach to optimized treatment protocols.

• Author(s) : BOUZIGON R., MIHAILOVIC T., LAFRANCE G., et al.
• Publication date: 2019/08/24
• Languages : English
• Source: Proceedings of the 25^th IIR International Congress of Refrigeration: Montréal , Canada, August 24-30, 2019.
• Formats : PDF

Global Renewable & Low-Carbon Gas Report

• Author(s) : IGU
• Publication date: 2021/11
• Languages : English

Pain surgelé : le précuit continue de croître en GMS.

Quick-frozen bread: precooked still ahead in terms of GMS.

• Author(s) : DELORON J. P.
• Publication date: 2004/10
• Languages : French
• Source: Monde Surgelé - n. 95

IIR document

Refrigeration in the bread making industry: a mini review on frozen dough and frozen part baked bread.

• Author(s) : LE BAIL A., GRENIER A., HAMDAMI N., et al.
• Publication date: 2003/08/17
• Languages : English
• Source: 21^st IIR International Congress of Refrigeration: Serving the Needs of Mankind.
• Formats : PDF

Markets: Marked AC growth in Spain

Over the past 2 years, the AC industry has grown 25% in Spain. Growth is attributed to Spain's warm climate and a rising standard of living. In 2006, the turnover of the AC sector was 1600 million € (with 225 million € in exports) and that of the...

• Publication date : 2007/11/20

Solar cooling potential in Spain

During the IIR-co-sponsored EuroSun 2012 conference, Carrera et al. presented the results of a study about the potential of solar thermal energy to supply heating, domestic hot water and cooling in the residential and tertiary Spanish buildings...

• Publication date : 2013/03/25

Eco-friendly skiing in Spain

Dutch architects working for SnowWorld say they have found a way to build an indoor ski facility with a difference in warm Barcelona.

• Publication date : 2012/04/25

Briefs: First Spain-UK refrigerated railway line

Stobart Rail, a branch of leading UK transport Stobart Group and British DB Schenker Rail recently launched temperature-controlled intermodal services from Valencia to the UK via the Channel Tunnel. This is a unique example of a single rail...

• Publication date : 2010/03/07

Spain ratifies the Kigali Amendment

Spain becomes the 150th country to ratify the Kigali Amendment.

• Publication date : 2023/06/19
• Subjects: Regulation

White paint reduces air conditioning demand

A team of researchers has developed a radiative cooling paint that keeps surfaces more than 1.7 °C cooler than their ambient surroundings (at noon).

• Publication date : 2020/11/27

Illicit HFC trade : a criminal network dismantled in Spain

110 tonnes of refrigerants worth €11 million were seized in Spain, illegally imported from China in violation of the EU F-gas regulation.

• Publication date : 2022/09/05
• Subjects: General information

2013 air-conditioning markets of France, Germany, Italy and Spain

BSRIA recently published figures concerning the air-conditioning markets in France, Germany, Spain and Italy in 2013. Among them, the Italian market appears as the largest, with 1,353,632 units and an overall value of USD 1,356.5 million.

• Publication date : 2013/12/15
• Subjects: Figures, economy

Spain: Six-month prison sentence for offering HCFC refrigerant on Internet.

A former company owner in Spain has been sentenced to six months in prison after offering the HCFC refrigerant R22 for sale on the internet.

• Publication date : 2017/02/27

Spain: action plans for heating and cooling at local level

In June 2024, la Fundación Renovables issued a guide to promote sustainable cooling in Spanish cities with more than 45,000 inhabitants. Solutions include installing heat pumps,...

• Publication date : 2024/07/05
• Subjects: Regulation, General information

Spain: a EUR 1.5 million plan to help supermarkets comply with the European regulation on fluorinated gas

The Spanish government has approved a plan for €1.5m in aid for the conversion or replacement of supermarket refrigeration systems to alternative low GWP refrigerants.

• Publication date : 2018/10/03
• Subjects: Regulation

Design and operation of district heating and cooling systems supplied by renewable energy sources

A report published by the European Commission analyses 8 efficient district heating and cooling systems in different Member States.  

• Publication date : 2021/03/29

Urban cooling strategies

A report provides practical guidance to optimise development projects to moderate urban microclimates in major urban centres in Australia.

• Publication date : 2018/01/16

The untapped potential of district energy systems

A transition to modern district energy systems could contribute to 60% of required energy sector emissions reduction by 2050, and reduce primary energy consumption by up to 50%, according to a new report.

• Publication date : 2015/09/08

The development of district cooling in China

Like the huge project under construction in Shenzhen, district cooling in China has a great potential for development, given the energy benefits it offers and the strong growth in commercial...

• Publication date : 2021/10/22

COOL-SAVE Workshop on July 10, 2014 in Lleida, Spain

On July 10, 2014, the COOL-SAVE consortium will hold an workshop at the Lleida Commerce and Industry Chamber in Spain.

• Publication date : 2014/07/09

International events: Yverdon-les-Bains

The Swiss Association of Refrigeration (ASF), French-speaking section, held its annual general meeting as a special event dedicated to the IIR's centenary in Yverdon-les-Bains, Switzerland, on November 5, 2008. Papers presented during the...

• Publication date : 2009/02/24

News from IIR members: Communauté Urbaine de Dunkerque

During a meeting at the IIR on May 30, 2011, several persons from Communauté Urbaine de Dunkerque (Dunkerque Urban Community) (a benefactor member of the IIR) presented the launching of an Institute of Low-Temperature Technology (Innocold).The...

• Publication date : 2011/08/10

Women Shaping the Future of Refrigeration – IIR International Women’s Day 2026

To mark International Women’s Day 2026, the International Institute of Refrigeration (IIR) highlighted the voices, experiences, and perspectives of women and allies working across the refrigeration, air...

• Publication date : 2026/03/11
• Subjects: Figures, economy, Developing country, Environment, General information

CYTEF 2022 attracts nearly 200 participants

Held in hybrid format from Cartagena (Spain), CYTEF 2022 attempted to analyse and discuss, in particular, "Synergistic technologies to advance sustainable refrigeration".

• Publication date : 2022/04/27

First meeting of the IIR Working Group on Refrigeration Safety

During the Gustav Lorentzen conference in Valencia (Spain), the IIR Working Group “Refrigeration Safety”, chaired by Alexander Cohr Pachai, held its first meeting.

• Publication date : 2018/08/08

New members

The IIR welcomes the following new members: - Benefactor member TOTAL, Paris La Défense, France - Corporate members ACC Austria, Fuerstenfeld, Austria Arsenal Research, Vienna, Austria Davicani Srl, Brasov, Romania Kinarca S.A.U.,...

• Publication date : 2007/11/20

New IIR members

The IIR welcomes the following new members: Corporate members BASF AG, Ludwigshafen, Germany Prodal, Ciudad la Habana, Cuba Private members Mr Titus Bartholomeus, The Netherlands Mrs Susana Ferreira de Pablo, Spain Mr Stephen Gill,...

• Publication date : 2007/05/04

New IIR members

The IIR welcomes the following new members: Corporate members - A2 Inc, New York, USA - Grasso Products BV, s'Hertogenbosch, The Netherlands - Hoshizaki Electric Co. Ltd, Toyoake, Aichi, Japan - Parasense Ltd, Gloucester, United Kingdom...

• Publication date : 2006/11/15

New IIR members

Here are the private members worldwide who have joined us over the past year. We are very pleased to welcome them. Several members are from countries that are not yet member countries. We also have a lot of new junior members (under 35 years) and...

• Publication date : 2006/07/26

IIR Working Group on whole-body cryotherapy or cryostimulation

A presentation of this IIR Working Group took place during the French Association of Refrigeration (AFF) Orientation Committee in January.

• Publication date : 2018/03/22

Mid-Term Conference of the BETTED Project at FOOD 4 FUTURE 2025

At the FOOD 4 FUTURE event in Bilbao, the BETTED project consortium emphasised the importance of energy efficiency in the sustainable transformation of the dairy sector and held its mid-term...

• Publication date : 2025/05/19

Upcoming IIR events: Barcelona

LNG 15 - Liquefied Natural Gas, a conference co-organized by the IIR, will take place on April 24-27, 2007 in Barcelona, Spain. The IIR will be running a stand and giving out its Informatory Note on LNG:

• Publication date : 2007/02/12

New IIR members

The IIR welcomes the following new members: - Corporate members Frigrite Refrigeration Pty, Cheltenham, Australia Grenco Refrigeration Ltd, West Malling, UK Grundfos Management, Bjerringbro, Denmark IIAR, Arlington, USA Sofrigam, Nanterre,...

• Publication date : 2008/02/12

International events: Antony

The 1st IIR Workshop on Refrigerant Charge Reduction in Refrigerating Systems was held in Antony, France, on April 6-7, 2009. Besides charge reduction, key topics covered included enhancement of heat and mass transfer, pressure and oil issues and...

• Publication date : 2009/05/18

Cryogenic nitrogen in the food and beverage industry

The adoption of cryogenic processes in the food and beverage industry is predominantly driven by liquid nitrogen (LIN), and it is the preferred candidate for food chilling and...

• Last update : 2023/11/07
• Langues : English, French
• Themes : Freezing of foodstuffs

Hydrocarbon refrigerants

Hydrocarbons such as R290 (propane), R600a (isobutane) or R1270 (propene/propylene) are low GWP non-toxic natural refrigerants with excellent thermodynamic properties. They offer an...

• Last update : 2022/06/22
• Langues : English, French
• Themes : Hydrocarbons, Containment, refrigerant charge reduction

Cold storage conditions for fruits and vegetables

Practical recommendations for the cold storage of over 200 cultivars of fruits, vegetables and herbs (storage temperatures, relative humidity, storage time, controlled atmosphere...

• Last update : 2023/01/16
• Langues : English, French
• Themes : Fruit, Vegetables

Ice cream manufacturing, environmental impact and market data

From a physico-chemical point of view, ice cream is a complex, frozen multiphase mixture. The manufacturing process includes several stages of freezing which are described in this...

• Last update : 2023/06/30
• Langues : English, French
• Themes : Ice creams

Environmental impact of the ice cream industry

This summary document describes the environmental impact of ice cream manufacturing, which is mainly due to the energy consumption and refrigerants used.

• Last update : 2022/11/17
• Langues : English, French
• Themes : General information on environment (climate change, ozone depletion…)

For IIR members only

Global cold storage capacity

This table presents the cold storage capacity in about 50 countries, based on data from the Global Cold Chain Alliance (GCCA).

• Last update : 2021/12/06
• Langues : English
• Themes : Refrigerated storage: economics and statistics

Cryogenics in the pharmaceutical industry: drug design and bioavailability improvement

Research activities in the pharmaceutical sector focus primarily on developing novel drug formulations which can elicit the desired response upon being administered to the patient...

• Last update : 2023/03/10
• Langues : English, French
• Themes : Freeze-drying in biology and medicine, Cryobiology, cryomedicine: general information

Liquefied Natural Gas: production process and cold energy recovery

Liquefied natural gas (LNG) is natural gas that has been cooled to about -160 °C and turned into a liquid to facilitate transportation and storage. A typical LNG supply chain...

• Last update : 2023/06/23
• Langues : English, French
• Themes : LNG and LPG

Thermophysical properties of hydrocarbon refrigerants

Thermophysical properties of over 20 hydrocarbon refrigerants, including single-component and blends.

• Last update : 2022/06/17
• Langues : English
• Themes : Hydrocarbons, Blends

Additive manufacturing of regenerators for caloric cooling

In many areas of engineering, additive manufacturing allows the production of complex and multifunctional products that could not be manufactured using traditional methods. In the...

• Last update : 2022/09/16
• Langues : English, French
• Themes : Caloric cooling (magnetocaloric, electrocaloric, elastocaloric and barocaloric cooling)

Additive manufacturing of heat exchangers

In the refrigeration industry, additive manufacturing (colloquially referred to as “3D printing”) makes it possible to fabricate novel, complex and potentially more energy efficient...

• Last update : 2022/09/07
• Langues : English, French
• Themes : Evaporators, condensers and other heat exchangers