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IIR document
Study of different factors' influence on water uptake when glazing plaice and cod loin.
A MEMBRANE FRACTION FROM RED HAKE (UROPHYCIS CHUSS) MUSCLE CATALYZING THE CONVERSION OF TMAO (TRIMETHYLAMINE OXIDE) TO DMA (DIMETHYLAMINE) AND FORMALDEHYDE.
DETERIORATION OF FROZEN COD AND HADDOCK MINCES.
THE RELATIONSHIP OF TEMPERATURE TO THE SHELF LIFE OF VACUUM PACKED MARINE FISH. AN INTERIM REPORT.
CHILLED STORAGE OF WET FISH IN MODIFIED ATMOSPHERES.
Refrigeration sector monitoring
594 results
Replacement of R404A in supermarkets
R404A is particularly targeted by the EU F-gas Regulation and many refrigerant producers announced important price rises. Various option can be considered to replace it.
Briefs: Birthplace of AC condemned
Buffalo Forge Co. once was a prosperous industrial complex, covering 14 acres, active as early as 1877, but is now being demolished. The Forge is a landmark in industrial history as it is the birthplace of modern air conditioning, invented early...
Honeywell tests new R404A replacement
Honeywell has been testing a new low-GWP refrigerant as a potential replacement for R404A in hermetically-sealed refrigeration systems
China: what refrigerant to replace HCFCs?
In December 2011, the China Household Electrical Appliances Association (CHEAA) issued China’s first industry technology roadmap. For the refrigeration industry, the roadmap aims to increase energy efficiency by 20% by 2015, and by 2020 by another...
DuPont’s new HFO 1336mzz could replace R123
DuPont has announced it is to start small scale production of a new low GWP HFO which could replace R123.
LNG to replace diesel fuel for locomotives?
BNSF will be testing a small number of locomotives using LNG as an alternative fuel to diesel later this year.
Alternatives to replace R404A for refrigerated transport
With about 5 million refrigerated vehicles operating worldwide, there is active research and development focusing on identifying alternatives to R404A, which is traditionally used in truck and trailer...
Replacement plan for R22 chillers at Canberra's Parliament.
Australia is committed to drastically phasing out HCFCs as from 2016.
Briefs: MAC: what refrigerant will replace HFC-134a?
Following the adoption of the new European Directive 2006/40 on emissions from mobile air-conditioning systems - which bans F-gases with a GWP higher than 150 (such as HFC-134a) as of 2011 for new models of cars and similar Californian...
Household refrigerators: HFO performance as drop-in replacement for R-134a
During the IIR co-sponsored International Refrigeration and Air-conditioning Conference at Purdue in 2012, K.M Karber et al. from Oak Ridge National Laboratory, United States, presented* the results of a performance test on R1234yf and R1234ze,...
Africa: a project to replace CFC chillers in Africa
A new UN Industrial Development Organisation (UNIDO) and French Global Environment Facility (FFEM) joint project aims at replacing chillers in several African countries. A survey conducted in Cameroon, Egypt, Namibia, Senegal and Sudan, identified...
Israel has launched a programme to replace 10 000 inefficient air conditioners
In Israel, the Energy and Water Ministry launched in March 2012 a programme to replace 10 000 air conditioners, aiming to provide energy savings of 17 million kWh per year.
R32, a short-term candidate to replace R22 in China?
HFC-32 attracted attention during ICR2011 in Prague: it was the subject of 12 papers. It is the main component of HFC-410A with which it shares similar thermodynamic properties, but at a lower price and with a lower GWP (675).
New low GWP replacement for R404A in hermetically-sealed systems
A new lower GWP replacement for R404A, which blends an HFO and an HFC with a “natural” refrigerant is to be made commercially available next year.
Slovenian researchers explore solid-state cooling to replace harmful refrigerants
A breakthrough technology using metal alloys may offer a safer, greener alternative to conventional cooling systems.
IIR news
410 results
Book your place now for the International Conference on Sustainability and the Cold Chain
The 7th IIR Conference on Sustainability and the Cold Chain will take place online on April 11 to 13, 2022. Register today!
Dr. Yunho Hwang and team earn 3rd place in Vicinity Energy-MEIA Ideation Program for heat pump innovation
Former president of IIR Commission B1, and research professor at the University of Maryland Center for Environmental Energy...
LNG fundamentals explained in the Encyclopedia of refrigeration
The latest entry in the IIR’s online Encyclopedia of refrigeration is a thematic file presenting LNG production processes, and cold energy recovery applications.
IJR print copies will be DISCONTINUED as from 2018
In order to better respect the environment and to offer new services, as from January 1, 2018, you will no longer automatically receive IJR print copies.
Save the Date – The 7th IIR Conference on Sustainability and the Cold Chain will take place in April 2022
This international event will focus on sharing expertise on the cold chain with developing countries to address key UN sustainable development goals related to hunger, health, energy, education,...
ICR2015: Early Bird Registration now open
Registration is now open for the much anticipated 24th ICR will be held at Yokohama, Japan from 16 to 22 August 2015.
What role does social media play in today’s refrigeration industry?
Today, social media has become an important tool of daily life for many across the globe in diverse fields and sectors. Learn how to reap the benefits of social media in your expertise.
IIR Highlights from the OEWG-47 Side Event: Empowering Women in the Cooling Sector
The International Institute of Refrigeration participated in a side event organised by GIZ Proklima, focused on advancing gender equality in the refrigeration, air conditioning and heat pumps (RACHP)...
Book your spot! Training session on food refrigeration systems
From July 1 to 5 2024, Professor Don Cleland will be leading a training workshop in London entitled “Cost-Effective Refrigeration”.
The 2025 Conference on Low-Emission Refrigeration and Refrigerant Substitution Held Successfully in Foshan, Guangdong
From 26 to 28 October 2025, the Conference on Low-Emission Refrigeration and Refrigerant Substitution was successfully held in Foshan, Guangdong.
SophiA Final Consortium Event: The IIR’s Strong Involvement in Sustainable Refrigeration Solutions for Africa
The Final Consortium Meeting of the SophiA Project took place in Karlsruhe, Germany, on 17–18 September 2025, co-organised by the International Institute of Refrigeration (IIR) and Hochschule Karlsruhe...
IIR Congress 2019: The refrigeration event of the year
Taking place on August 24-30, 2019 in Montreal (Canada), birthplace of the 1987 Montreal Protocol, the IIR Congress 2019 will be organised under the theme “Refrigeration for Human Health and Future Prosperity" and will focus on the current global...
Highlights: 10th IIR Conference on Compressors and Refrigerants
Catch up on the best moments of the IIR Conference on Compressors 2021, which took place online on January 13, 2021: A key meeting place for specialists in compressor technology!
ICR2015 : The 24th IIR International Congress of Refrigeration
16 - 22 August 2015, the 24th ICR takes place in Yokohama, Japan!
International events: Shanghai and Prague
Two important Conferences on cryogenics took place in April 2008: the IIR co-sponsored conference ICCR2008 in Shanghai, China on April 6-9 and the IIR conference Cryogenics 2008 in Prague, Czech Republic, on April 22-25. The history of cryogenics...
Encyclopedia of Refrigeration
6 results
Additive manufacturing of heat exchangers
In the refrigeration industry, additive manufacturing (colloquially referred to as “3D printing”) makes it possible to fabricate novel, complex and potentially more energy efficient...
Hydrocarbon refrigerants
Hydrocarbons such as R290 (propane), R600a (isobutane) or R1270 (propene/propylene) are low GWP non-toxic natural refrigerants with excellent thermodynamic properties. They offer an...
Liquefied Natural Gas: production process and cold energy recovery
Liquefied natural gas (LNG) is natural gas that has been cooled to about -160 °C and turned into a liquid to facilitate transportation and storage. A typical LNG supply chain...
Ice cream manufacturing, environmental impact and market data
From a physico-chemical point of view, ice cream is a complex, frozen multiphase mixture. The manufacturing process includes several stages of freezing which are described in this...
Additive manufacturing of regenerators for caloric cooling
In many areas of engineering, additive manufacturing allows the production of complex and multifunctional products that could not be manufactured using traditional methods. In the...
Cryogenic nitrogen in the food and beverage industry
The adoption of cryogenic processes in the food and beverage industry is predominantly driven by liquid nitrogen (LIN), and it is the preferred candidate for food chilling and...
Events
3 results
Other event
ICSM 2026 – International Conference on Screw Machines
September 08, 2026 - September 10, 2026
Germany
The International Conference on Screw Machines 2026 will take place from 8 to 10 September 2026 at TU Dortmund University.
Find out more
IIR event
17th IIR-Gustav Lorentzen Conference on Natural Refrigerants (GL 2026)
August 23, 2026 - August 26, 2026
Hamilton, New Zealand
Submit your abstract! With the increasing need for global warming countermeasures, natural working fluids have become a clear vector to reducing the CO2 footprint of...
15th IEA Heat Pump Conference
May 26, 2026 - May 29, 2026
Vienna, Austria
Join the 15th IEA Heat Pump Conference, which will take place in Vienna, Austria,from May 26-29, 2026! The 15th IEA Heat Pump Conference, co-sponsored by IIR,...
