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IIR document
Numerical-based non-dimensional analysis of critical flow of R-12, R-22, and R-134a through horizontal capillary tubes.
Effect of refrigerant type and insulation thickness on refrigeration systems of land and sea vehicles.
Thermoeconomic analysis of different refrigeration systems for high temperature lift using alternative refrigerants.
Recommended by the IIR / IIR document
Study on thermodynamic and environmental effects of vapor compression refrigeration system employing first to next-generation popular refrigerants.
General correlation for critical heat flux during saturated flow across a cylinder.
Correlation for CHF during subcooled flow across a single cylinder.
Forty years of courting R32: personal retrospective on its properties and design considerations in refrigeration, air-conditioning, and heat pumping.
Pasado, presente y futuro de los refrigerantes: la aparición del R12.
Past, present and future of refrigerants: the introduction of R12.
Flow condensation heat transfer performance of natural and emerging synthetic refrigerants.
TRANSPORT PROPERTIES OF R12.
METASTABLE FLOW OF R12 THROUGH CAPILLARY TUBES.
Dimethyl ether as an R12 replacement.
EXPERIMENTAL STUDY OF PRESSURE-VOLUME-TEMPERATURE RELATIONSHIPS FOR DICHLOROFLUOROMETHANE (R12).
Experimental investigation of R12 working fluid replacements.
ETUDE COMPARATIVE DES MELANGES R12-R11 ET R12-R113 DANS UN CIRCUIT DE POMPE A CHALEUR.
COMPARATIVE STUDY OF R12-R11 AND R12-R113 MIXTURES IN A HEAT PUMP CIRCUIT.
Refrigeration sector monitoring
233 results
European Commission investigates over R1234yf patents
On December 16, 2011, the European Commission (EC) has "opened antitrust proceedings concerning agreements between Honeywell and DuPont" for the development of R1234yf for air-conditioning systems in cars. "
Daimler decides not to switch to R1234yf
After having examined real-life scenarios conducted using R1234yf, Daimler, the manufacturer of Mercedes-Benz cars, has announced its intention to stick to R134a instead of implementing R1234yf in its automobile air-conditioning systems.
Launch of the first R1234ze free-cooling chillers
The “first to market” TurboChill free cooling chillers using low global warming potential (GWP) refrigerant R1234ze are going to be launched.
R1234yf as a working fluid in Organic Rankine Cycle systems
A recent review article presented the use of HFO R1234yf and its mixtures in Organic Rankine Cycle (ORC) systems, namely in applications for waste heat recovery from internal...
EPA permits R1234yf to be sold to US consumers
As a result of a lawsuit brought by the AAIA and the ARPI, the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) issued a final rule that will permit R1234yf to be sold to US consumers.
DuPont’s new HFO 1336mzz could replace R123
DuPont has announced it is to start small scale production of a new low GWP HFO which could replace R123.
Daimler agrees to use R1234yf to comply with EU regulations
Daimler agrees to use R1234yf but will phase in CO2 from next year.
R1234yf tested for bus air conditioning
Tests co-funded by the Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation and run bus AC system company Hispacold suggest that HFO-1234yf is a near drop-in replacement refrigerant for HFC-134a in the tested Hispacold’s 12S roof top bus air-conditioning...
Foam blowing agents: use of R1233zd(E) is expanding
Honeywell announced that TCL, one of China’s largest appliance manufacturers, selected HFO1233zd(E) as foam blowing agent in its domestic refrigerators.
European Commission questions Honeywell/DuPont R1234yf collaboration
On October 21, 2014, the European Commission has sent a Statement of Objections to Honeywell and DuPont regarding cooperation on new refrigerant used in car air-conditioning systems.
Arkema announced the construction of a R1234yf production plant in China
Arkema, French leading supplier of refrigerants, recently announced the construction of a R1234yf production plant in Changsu (near Shanghai), China.
MAC: SAE considers R1234yf as “safe and effective” and AC5 and AC6 blends as “technically credible”
The SAE International Cooperative Research Project team has concluded that “R1234yf refrigerant is safe and effective to use in automotive applications. It also concluded that “based on a detailed fault tree analysis, AC6 offers a risk profile...
Controversy over R1234yf: EC confirms enforcement of MAC Directive by January 1, 2013
Despite the safety concerns expressed by Daimler and calls for an additional moratorium in the refrigerant transition schedule, the EC restated on December 20, 2012, that “the MAC Directive will be fully enforced as of January 1, 2013”
Performance and climate impact assessment of R152a and R1234yf as drop-in replacements for R134a in automotive AC systems
As the phase-out of R134a accelerates due to its high global warming potential, identifying efficient and climate-friendly alternatives becomes critical. This study puts R152a and R1234yf to the test under...
R1234yf could be used in 3 million cars by the end of the year
DuPont expects refrigerant HFO1234yf will be used in the air-conditioning systems of nearly 3-million vehicles worldwide by the end of this year.
IIR news
52 results
IIR member news: Johnson Controls YORK chiller optimised for R1233zd(E)
The YORK YZ magnetic bearing centrifugal chiller, produced by Johnson Controls, is said to be the first chiller fully optimized for ultimate performance with the low-global warming potential refrigerant R1233zd(E).
Member news: Koura offers an alternative refrigerant to R1234yf for mobile air conditioning
Koura offers a direct replacement solution for R1234yf in mobile air conditioning.
12th Cryogenics 2012
The preliminary announcement of the 12th IIR Conference Cryogenics 2012, which will be held in Dresden, Germany, on September...
CYTEF 2012 proceedings in Fridoc database!
The IIR has added to Fridoc the proceedings of CYTEF 2012 (VI Congreso Ibérico y IV Congreso Iberoamericano de Ciencias y Técnicas del Frío) organized by the Sociedad Española de Ciencias y Técnicas del Frío in February 2012 to Fridoc.
New IIR Working Party on LCCP evaluation: first meeting planned in Delft on June 28, 2012, during the 10th IIR-G. Lorentzen Conference
The IIR is inviting commission, private, and corporate members of the IIR and more generally all experts whose knowledge of the subject will benefit the working party to join it.
Briefs: Catalogue of Publications 2010-2011
The Catalogue of Publications 2010-2011 is now available! Order it via iif-iir@iifiir.org or surf on www.iifiir.org to order the IIR's latest publications.
IIR member news: Star Refrigeration
After a year’s research project into low GWP cooling, Star Refrigeration proposes a new chiller using R1234ze.
The Mostra Convegno exhibition
In March 2018 the IIR participated in one of the biggest exhibitions on refrigeration technologies, Mostra Convegno, which took place, as always, in Milan.
Member news: Koura introduces new refrigerant for air conditioning
Refrigerant manufacturer Koura recently introduced R468C, a refrigerant that could replace R410A in air conditioning systems.
Cooling data centres: A major economic challenge
Larger data centres can use a staggering amount of energy just to ensure the day-to-day running of electronic equipment. As a result, these data centres can produce a great deal of heat, which require large-scale cooling systems in order to...
IIR member news: STEF to acquire Ebrex France
STEF takeover warms up.
IIR member news: Cemafroid, IRSTEA and AFCE
A new study on the containment of refrigerants has been launched with the aim of identifying and promoting best practices in this regard.
The 30th Conference of the Parties to the Montreal Protocol in Quito, Equador
The 30th Conference of the Parties to the Montreal Protocol took place in Quito (Equador) on 5-9 November 2018. Didier Coulomb, Director General of the IIR, made a statement.
Lima : A step towards an international climate agreement in 2015 ?
An outline for future negotiations during the Paris conference in 2015.
A new Open Access thesis section on the IIR website!
We’re happy to offer you a new online service! A link library is now available on our website.
Encyclopedia of Refrigeration
7 results
Hydrocarbon refrigerants
Hydrocarbons such as R290 (propane), R600a (isobutane) or R1270 (propene/propylene) are low GWP non-toxic natural refrigerants with excellent thermodynamic properties. They offer an...
Global warming potential (GWP) of HFC refrigerants
Using the latest updated data from UNEP’s RTOC 2022 report, we have compiled the 100-year GWP and 20-year GWP values of hydrofluorocarbon-based (HFC) refrigerants. Our table includes...
Liquefied Natural Gas: production process and cold energy recovery
Liquefied natural gas (LNG) is natural gas that has been cooled to about -160 °C and turned into a liquid to facilitate transportation and storage. A typical LNG supply chain...
Thermophysical properties of hydrocarbon refrigerants
Thermophysical properties of over 20 hydrocarbon refrigerants, including single-component and blends.
Cryogenics in the pharmaceutical industry: drug design and bioavailability improvement
Research activities in the pharmaceutical sector focus primarily on developing novel drug formulations which can elicit the desired response upon being administered to the patient...
Additive manufacturing of heat exchangers
In the refrigeration industry, additive manufacturing (colloquially referred to as “3D printing”) makes it possible to fabricate novel, complex and potentially more energy efficient...
Additive manufacturing of regenerators for caloric cooling
In many areas of engineering, additive manufacturing allows the production of complex and multifunctional products that could not be manufactured using traditional methods. In the...
Events
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IIR event
9th IIR Conference on Sustainability and the Cold Chain
April 12, 2026 - April 14, 2026
Istanbul, Türkiye (Republic)
Submit your abstract now! The 9th IIR Conference on Sustainability and the Cold Chain (ICCC 2026)...
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