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IIR document

Numerical-based non-dimensional analysis of critical flow of R-12, R-22, and R-134a through horizontal capillary tubes.

• Author(s) : JAVIDMAND P., HOFFMANN K. A.
• Publication date: 2015/10
• Languages : English
• Keywords : Two-phase flow, R134a, Horizontal tube, Capillary tube, R22, R12
• Source: International Journal of Refrigeration - Revue Internationale du Froid - vol. 58
• Formats : PDF

Effect of refrigerant type and insulation thickness on refrigeration systems of land and sea vehicles.

• Author(s) : DALKILIC A. S., CELEN A., ÇEBI A., et al.
• Publication date: 2016/04
• Languages : English
• Keywords : R410A, R134a, Cold room, Refrigerated transport, R22, R12, Performance, Evaporator, Insulation, Refrigerant, Condenser
• Source: Strojniski vestnik - Journal of mechanical Engineering - vol. 62 - n. 4
• Formats : PDF

Thermoeconomic analysis of different refrigeration systems for high temperature lift using alternative refrigerants.

• Author(s) : KUMAR MANDAL B., ROY R., EMANI M. S.
• Publication date: 2018/07/27
• Languages : English
• Source: Proceedings of the International Conference on Emerging Technologies for Sustainable and Intelligent HVAC&R Systems, Kolkata, July 27-28 2018.
• Formats : PDF

IIR document

A proposed subcooling method for vapor compression refrigeration cycle based on expansion power recovery.

• Author(s) : SHE X., YIN Y., ZHANG X.
• Publication date: 2014/07
• Languages : English
• Source: International Journal of Refrigeration - Revue Internationale du Froid - vol. 43
• Formats : PDF

Recommended by the IIR / IIR document

Study on thermodynamic and environmental effects of vapor compression refrigeration system employing first to next-generation popular refrigerants.

• Author(s) : ISLAM M. A, MITRA S., THU K., SAHA B. B.
• Publication date: 2021/11
• Languages : English
• Source: International Journal of Refrigeration - Revue Internationale du Froid - vol. 131
• Formats : PDF

IIR document

General correlation for critical heat flux during saturated flow across a cylinder.

• Author(s) : SHAH M. M.
• Publication date: 2022/12
• Languages : English
• Source: International Journal of Refrigeration - Revue Internationale du Froid - vol. 144
• Formats : PDF

IIR document

Correlation for CHF during subcooled flow across a single cylinder.

• Author(s) : SHAH M. M.
• Publication date: 2023/01
• Languages : English
• Source: International Journal of Refrigeration - Revue Internationale du Froid - vol. 145
• Formats : PDF

IIR document

Forty years of courting R32: personal retrospective on its properties and design considerations in refrigeration, air-conditioning, and heat pumping.

• Author(s) : KAZACHKI G.
• Publication date: 2015/08/16
• Languages : English
• Source: Proceedings of the 24th IIR International Congress of Refrigeration: Yokohama, Japan, August 16-22, 2015.
• Formats : PDF

Pasado, presente y futuro de los refrigerantes: la aparición del R12.

Past, present and future of refrigerants: the introduction of R12.

• Author(s) : ARCILA RESTREPO J.
• Publication date: 2004/11
• Languages : Spanish
• Keywords : R12, History, Refrigerant
• Source: ACR-Latinoam. - vol. 7 - n. 6

IIR document

A generalized dimensionless local power-law correlation for refrigerant flow through adiabatic capillary tubes and short tube orifices.

• Author(s) : YANG L., ZHANG C. L.
• Publication date: 2014/10
• Languages : English
• Source: International Journal of Refrigeration - Revue Internationale du Froid - vol. 46
• Formats : PDF

Recommended by the IIR / IIR document

Flow condensation heat transfer performance of natural and emerging synthetic refrigerants.

• Author(s) : MORROW J. A., HUBER R. A., NAWAZ K., DERBY M.
• Publication date: 2021/12
• Languages : English
• Source: International Journal of Refrigeration - Revue Internationale du Froid - vol. 132
• Formats : PDF

IIR document

TRANSPORT PROPERTIES OF R12.

• Author(s) : DÖRING R.
• Publication date: 1983/08/07
• Languages : English
• Keywords : Viscosity, Thermal conductivity, Diagram, R12, Physical property
• Source: [Refrigeration serving humanity]. Proceedings of the XVI^th international Congress of Refrigeration.
• Formats : PDF

IIR document

METASTABLE FLOW OF R12 THROUGH CAPILLARY TUBES.

• Author(s) : LI R. Y.
• Publication date: 1990/05
• Languages : English
• Keywords : Capillary, Measurement, R12, Expansion, Refrigerant
• Source: International Journal of Refrigeration - Revue Internationale du Froid - vol. 13 - n. 3
• Formats : PDF

IIR document

Dimethyl ether as an R12 replacement.

• Author(s) : ADAMSON B. E. B.
• Publication date: 1998/06/02
• Languages : English
• Keywords : Toxicity, R12, Thermodynamic property, Substitute, Flammability, Refrigerant, DME
• Source: Natural Refrigerants, Energy Efficiency, Cost and Safety. Natural Working Fluids '98. IIR-Gustav Lorentzen Conference.
• Formats : PDF

IIR document

EXPERIMENTAL STUDY OF PRESSURE-VOLUME-TEMPERATURE RELATIONSHIPS FOR DICHLOROFLUOROMETHANE (R12).

• Author(s) : OGUCHI K., TAKAISHI Y., TANISHITA I.
• Publication date: 1983/08/07
• Languages : English
• Keywords : CFC, R12, Thermodynamic property
• Source: [Refrigeration serving humanity]. Proceedings of the XVI^th international Congress of Refrigeration.
• Formats : PDF

European Commission investigates over R1234yf patents

On December 16, 2011, the European Commission (EC) has "opened antitrust proceedings concerning agreements between Honeywell and DuPont" for the development of R1234yf for air-conditioning systems in cars. "

• Publication date : 2012/02/27

Daimler decides not to switch to R1234yf

After having examined real-life scenarios conducted using R1234yf, Daimler, the manufacturer of Mercedes-Benz cars, has announced its intention to stick to R134a instead of implementing R1234yf in its automobile air-conditioning systems.

• Publication date : 2012/11/20

Launch of the first R1234ze free-cooling chillers

The “first to market” TurboChill free cooling chillers using low global warming potential (GWP) refrigerant R1234ze are going to be launched.

• Publication date : 2013/12/18

R1234yf as a working fluid in Organic Rankine Cycle systems

A recent review article presented the use of HFO R1234yf and its mixtures in Organic Rankine Cycle (ORC) systems, namely in applications for waste heat recovery from internal...

• Publication date : 2021/09/07
• Subjects: Technology

EPA permits R1234yf to be sold to US consumers

As a result of a lawsuit brought by the AAIA and the ARPI, the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) issued a final rule that will permit R1234yf to be sold to US consumers.

• Publication date : 2013/12/29
• Subjects: Regulation

DuPont’s new HFO 1336mzz could replace R123

DuPont has announced it is to start small scale production of a new low GWP HFO which could replace R123.

• Publication date : 2014/05/22
• Subjects: HFCs alternatives

R1234yf tested for bus air conditioning

Tests co-funded by the Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation and run bus AC system company Hispacold suggest that HFO-1234yf is a near drop-in replacement refrigerant for HFC-134a in the tested Hispacold’s 12S roof top bus air-conditioning...

• Publication date : 2011/12/30

Daimler agrees to use R1234yf to comply with EU regulations

Daimler agrees to use R1234yf but will phase in CO2 from next year.

• Publication date : 2015/12/06

Foam blowing agents: use of R1233zd(E) is expanding

Honeywell announced that TCL, one of China’s largest appliance manufacturers, selected HFO1233zd(E) as foam blowing agent in its domestic refrigerators.

• Publication date : 2017/12/18

European Commission questions Honeywell/DuPont R1234yf collaboration

On October 21, 2014, the European Commission has sent a Statement of Objections to Honeywell and DuPont regarding cooperation on new refrigerant used in car air-conditioning systems.

• Publication date : 2014/11/24

Arkema announced the construction of a R1234yf production plant in China

Arkema, French leading supplier of refrigerants, recently announced the construction of a R1234yf production plant in Changsu (near Shanghai), China.

• Publication date : 2013/12/05

MAC: SAE considers R1234yf as “safe and effective” and AC5 and AC6 blends as “technically credible”

The SAE International Cooperative Research Project team has concluded that “R1234yf refrigerant is safe and effective to use in automotive applications. It also concluded that “based on a detailed fault tree analysis, AC6 offers a risk profile...

• Publication date : 2013/08/27

Controversy over R1234yf: EC confirms enforcement of MAC Directive by January 1, 2013

Despite the safety concerns expressed by Daimler and calls for an additional moratorium in the refrigerant transition schedule, the EC restated on December 20, 2012, that “the MAC Directive will be fully enforced as of January 1, 2013”

• Publication date : 2013/02/28

R1234yf could be used in 3 million cars by the end of the year

DuPont expects refrigerant HFO1234yf will be used in the air-conditioning systems of nearly 3-million vehicles worldwide by the end of this year.

• Publication date : 2014/07/10

Performance comparison of R1234yf and R134a

A study published in Applied Thermal Engineering compares the performance of HFC-134a and HFO-1234yf as drop-in alternative in automotive air conditioning systems.

• Publication date : 2017/05/24

IIR member news: Johnson Controls YORK chiller optimised for R1233zd(E)

The YORK YZ magnetic bearing centrifugal chiller, produced by Johnson Controls, is said to be the first chiller fully optimized for ultimate performance with the low-global warming potential refrigerant R1233zd(E).

• Publication date : 2019/01/31

Member news: Koura offers an alternative refrigerant to R1234yf for mobile air conditioning 

 Koura offers a direct replacement solution for R1234yf in mobile air conditioning.  

• Publication date : 2023/12/20

12th Cryogenics 2012

The preliminary announcement of the 12th IIR Conference Cryogenics 2012, which will be held in Dresden, Germany, on September...

• Publication date : 2010/11/02

CYTEF 2012 proceedings in Fridoc database!

The IIR has added to Fridoc the proceedings of CYTEF 2012 (VI Congreso Ibérico y IV Congreso Iberoamericano de Ciencias y Técnicas del Frío) organized by the Sociedad Española de Ciencias y Técnicas del Frío in February 2012 to Fridoc.

• Publication date : 2012/10/24

New IIR Working Party on LCCP evaluation: first meeting planned in Delft on June 28, 2012, during the 10th IIR-G. Lorentzen Conference

The IIR is inviting commission, private, and corporate members of the IIR and more generally all experts whose knowledge of the subject will benefit the working party to join it.

• Publication date : 2012/04/27

Briefs: Catalogue of Publications 2010-2011

The Catalogue of Publications 2010-2011 is now available! Order it via iif-iir@iifiir.org or surf on www.iifiir.org to order the IIR's latest publications.

• Publication date : 2011/02/07

IIR member news: Star Refrigeration

After a year’s research project into low GWP cooling, Star Refrigeration proposes a new chiller using R1234ze.

• Publication date : 2014/02/03

The Mostra Convegno exhibition

In March 2018 the IIR participated in one of the biggest exhibitions on refrigeration technologies, Mostra Convegno, which took place, as always, in Milan.

• Publication date : 2018/04/19

Member news: Koura introduces new refrigerant for air conditioning

Refrigerant manufacturer Koura recently introduced R468C, a refrigerant that could replace R410A in air conditioning systems.  

• Publication date : 2022/10/27
• Subjects: HFCs alternatives

Cooling data centres: A major economic challenge

Larger data centres can use a staggering amount of energy just to ensure the day-to-day running of electronic equipment. As a result, these data centres can produce a great deal of heat, which require large-scale cooling systems in order to...

• Publication date : 2017/03/29

IIR member news: STEF to acquire Ebrex France

STEF takeover warms up.

• Publication date : 2013/09/04

Upcoming conferences: Innovative Equipment and Systems for Comfort and Food Preservation

Innovative Equipment and Systems for Comfort and Food Preservation, an IIR Conference, will be held in Auckland, New Zealand on February 16-19, 2006. Keynote speakers: James Braun, Robert Heap, Forbes Pearson, Satish Kandlikar and Paul Waide....

• Publication date : 2006/01/28

Obituary : Gerald Groff

Gerald Groff, former President of Section E and very active in the IIR died on September 15.

• Publication date : 2019/09/30

Minutes of IIR Commission B1 Business Meeting in Boulder

A Commission B1 business meeting took place in Boulder, Colorado, USA (June 24, 2009). It was chaired by Commission B1 President Dr Piotr Domanski. The minutes of the meeting are available

• Publication date : 2010/06/07

The 30th Conference of the Parties to the Montreal Protocol in Quito, Equador

The 30th Conference of the Parties to the Montreal Protocol took place in Quito (Equador) on 5-9 November 2018. Didier Coulomb, Director General of the IIR, made a statement.

• Publication date : 2018/11/22
• Subjects: Regulation, HFCs alternatives

Hydrocarbon refrigerants

Hydrocarbons such as R290 (propane), R600a (isobutane) or R1270 (propene/propylene) are low GWP non-toxic natural refrigerants with excellent thermodynamic properties. They offer an...

• Last update : 2022/06/22
• Langues : French, English
• Themes : Hydrocarbons, Containment, refrigerant charge reduction

Global warming potential (GWP) of HFC refrigerants

Using the latest updated data from UNEP’s RTOC 2022 report, we have compiled the 100-year GWP and 20-year GWP values of hydrofluorocarbon-based (HFC) refrigerants. Our table includes...

• Last update : 2023/09/15
• Langues : French, English
• Themes : HFCs

Liquefied Natural Gas: production process and cold energy recovery

Liquefied natural gas (LNG) is natural gas that has been cooled to about -160 °C and turned into a liquid to facilitate transportation and storage. A typical LNG supply chain...

• Last update : 2023/06/23
• Langues : French, English
• Themes : LNG and LPG

Thermophysical properties of hydrocarbon refrigerants

Thermophysical properties of over 20 hydrocarbon refrigerants, including single-component and blends.

• Last update : 2022/06/17
• Langues : English
• Themes : Hydrocarbons, Blends

Cryogenics in the pharmaceutical industry: drug design and bioavailability improvement

Research activities in the pharmaceutical sector focus primarily on developing novel drug formulations which can elicit the desired response upon being administered to the patient...

• Last update : 2023/03/10
• Langues : French, English
• Themes : Freeze-drying in biology and medicine, Cryobiology, cryomedicine: general information

Additive manufacturing of heat exchangers

In the refrigeration industry, additive manufacturing (colloquially referred to as “3D printing”) makes it possible to fabricate novel, complex and potentially more energy efficient...

• Last update : 2022/09/07
• Langues : French, English
• Themes : Evaporators, condensers and other heat exchangers

Additive manufacturing of regenerators for caloric cooling

In many areas of engineering, additive manufacturing allows the production of complex and multifunctional products that could not be manufactured using traditional methods. In the...

• Last update : 2022/09/16
• Langues : French, English
• Themes : Caloric cooling (magnetocaloric, electrocaloric, elastocaloric and barocaloric cooling)