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  • Optical refrigeration

    A team in New Mexico University has created the first-ever optical cryocooler that could be applied to airborne and spaceborne sensors. It uses optical refrigeration which could enable miniaturization, an alternative to bulky mechanical...

    • Publication date : 2010/05/27
  • Briefs: Cryogen-Expo

    Cryogen-Expo will take place on November 11-13, 2008 in Pavilion No 5, Expocentre Fairgrounds, in Moscow, Russia. This major exhibition held under the auspices of the IIR, the International Academy of Refrigeration and the Ukrainian Association of...

    • Publication date : 2008/08/12
  • Cryogenics: A new cryocooler

    A new cryocooler has been demonstrated at the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) that combines small-size, rapid cooling, low temperatures and high efficiency. It is a "pulse tube" design that uses oscillating helium gas to...

    • Publication date : 2007/05/04
  • Ultracold polar molecules

    Scientists at JILA, a joint institute of the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) and the University of Colorado at Boulder (CU-Boulder), have applied their expertise in ultracold atoms and lasers to produce the first high-density...

    • Publication date : 2008/10/22
  • LNG remains the main driver of global gas demand in 2021-2025

    In a recent report, the International Energy Agency (IEA) analyses the massive decline in gas demand in 2020. The covid-19 crisis has affected gas consumption mostly due to lower electricity demand in the...

    • Publication date : 2020/09/06
    • Subjects: Figures, economy
  • Cold stores: how to achieve net zero emissions?

    The UK Cold Chain Federation recently released a report presenting technologies to help temperature-controlled warehouses achieve net zero emissions.  

    • Publication date : 2022/07/08
    • Subjects: Figures, economy, Environment
  • Unprecedented images from the centre of our galaxy

    The James Webb Space Telescope shows images of the centre of the Milky Way, thanks to its state-of-the-art infrared detectors, which need to be cryogenically cooled to operate...

    • Publication date : 2024/01/05
    • Subjects: Technology
  • Pandemic accelerates demand for cold stores and frozen food

    The COVID-19 pandemic has accelerated the appeal of online ordering and the purchase of frozen food by consumers and led to an increased need for cold storage facilities.

    • Publication date : 2021/03/29
  • Rare earths for spatial measurements.

    Researchers from ECA-INAC developed a small cryorefrigerator, replacing liquid helium by a more efficient rare-earths based material.

    • Publication date : 2014/11/27
  • Food cold chain: improving temperature control to reduce loss

    Recent review articles provide an update on technologies to monitor temperature in the food cold chain, in order to avoid food loss during transport and...

    • Publication date : 2022/04/29
    • Subjects: Figures, economy, Technology
  • Gas leak detection technologies

    Bacharach, a manufacturer of refrigerant and gas leak detectors, recently extended its gas detectors by two HFOs. The company also produces leak detectors for CO2 systems.

    • Publication date : 2018/01/16
  • Leak detection thanks to thermal imaging cameras

    Thermal imaging cameras can be specially designed for the detection of refrigerant gases.

    • Publication date : 2014/04/14
  • Slight increase in global LNG trade in 2020

    Global LNG trade continued to grow in 2020 albeit at a slower pace than the previous year. Meanwhile, orders for LNG-powered vessels have increased significantly.

    • Publication date : 2021/10/22
    • Subjects: Figures, economy
  • Cooling without electricity

    The US Stanford University is currently testing an innovative cooling technology using radiative sky cooling.

    • Publication date : 2018/01/24
  • Limiting global warming to 1.5°C: the potential contribution of the refrigeration sector

    The latest IPCC report stresses the importance to limit the increase in the global average temperature to 1.5°C instead of 2°C in order to lower the adaptation needs. The refrigeration sector can contribute to this objective.

    • Publication date : 2018/10/18
    • Subjects: General information, Regulation, HFCs alternatives, Environment
  • Liquefied Natural Gas: production process and cold energy recovery

    Liquefied natural gas (LNG) is natural gas that has been cooled to about -160 °C and turned into a liquid to facilitate transportation and storage. A typical LNG supply chain...

    • Last update : 2023/06/23
    • Langues : French, English
    • Themes : LNG and LPG
  • Cryogenics in the pharmaceutical industry: drug design and bioavailability improvement

    Research activities in the pharmaceutical sector focus primarily on developing novel drug formulations which can elicit the desired response upon being administered to the patient...

    • Last update : 2023/03/10
    • Langues : French, English
    • Themes : Freeze-drying in biology and medicine, Cryobiology, cryomedicine: general information
  • Ice cream manufacturing, environmental impact and market data

    From a physico-chemical point of view, ice cream is a complex, frozen multiphase mixture. The manufacturing process includes several stages of freezing which are described in this...

    • Last update : 2023/06/30
    • Langues : French, English
    • Themes : Ice creams
  • For IIR members only

    Global cold storage capacity

    This table presents the cold storage capacity in about 50 countries, based on data from the Global Cold Chain Alliance (GCCA).

    • Last update : 2021/12/06
    • Langues : English
    • Themes : Refrigerated storage: economics and statistics
  • Cryogenic nitrogen in the food and beverage industry

    The adoption of cryogenic processes in the food and beverage industry is predominantly driven by liquid nitrogen (LIN), and it is the preferred candidate for food chilling and...

    • Last update : 2023/11/07
    • Langues : French, English
    • Themes : Freezing of foodstuffs
  • Additive manufacturing of regenerators for caloric cooling

    In many areas of engineering, additive manufacturing allows the production of complex and multifunctional products that could not be manufactured using traditional methods. In the...

    • Last update : 2022/09/16
    • Langues : French, English
    • Themes : Caloric cooling (magnetocaloric, electrocaloric, elastocaloric and barocaloric cooling)
  • Global HFC emissions from the refrigeration sector

    This table shows HFC emissions from the refrigeration sector – including air conditioning – in million tonnes of CO2 equivalent for about 40 countries that are signatories...

    • Last update : 2022/01/20
    • Langues : English
    • Themes : General information on environment (climate change, ozone depletion…)
  • Hydrocarbon refrigerants

    Hydrocarbons such as R290 (propane), R600a (isobutane) or R1270 (propene/propylene) are low GWP non-toxic natural refrigerants with excellent thermodynamic properties. They offer an...

    • Last update : 2022/06/22
    • Langues : French, English
    • Themes : Hydrocarbons, Containment, refrigerant charge reduction
  • Cold storage conditions for fruits and vegetables

    Practical recommendations for the cold storage of over 200 cultivars of fruits, vegetables and herbs (storage temperatures, relative humidity, storage time, controlled atmosphere...

    • Last update : 2023/01/16
    • Langues : French, English
    • Themes : Fruit, Vegetables
  • Thermophysical properties of HFC refrigerants

    Thermophysical properties of over 100 HFC refrigerants, including single-component and blends.

    • Last update : 2022/06/17
    • Langues : English
    • Themes : HFCs, HFO et HCFO, Blends
  • Thermophysical properties of HFO refrigerants

    Thermophysical properties of over 50 HFO refrigerants, including single-component and blends.

    • Last update : 2022/06/17
    • Langues : English
    • Themes : HFO et HCFO, Blends
  • Thermophysical properties of hydrocarbon refrigerants

    Thermophysical properties of over 20 hydrocarbon refrigerants, including single-component and blends.

    • Last update : 2022/06/17
    • Langues : English
    • Themes : Hydrocarbons, Blends
  • For IIR members only

    Heat pump stock in Europe

    This table presents the stock of installed heat pumps, the CO2 emissions avoided and the number of jobs in the heat pump sector in Europe.

    • Last update : 2021/12/14
    • Langues : English
    • Themes : Heat pumps, energy recovery: economics and statistics