Search results

Numerical analysis of thermal impact between the cooling facility and the ground.

• Author(s) : SOKOŁOWSKI P., NAWALANY G., JAKUBOWSKI T., POPARDOWSKI E., LOPUSHNIAK V., ATILGAN A.
• Publication date: 2022/12
• Languages : English
• Source: Energies - vol. 15 - n. 24
• Formats : PDF

IIR document

Preventing transcritical operation of CO2 refrigeration systems with ground coupling.

• Author(s) : LEIPER A., SKELTON J., RIVERS N., et al.
• Publication date: 2014/06/23
• Languages : English
• Source: 3^rd IIR International Conference on Sustainability and the Cold Chain. Proceedings: London, UK, June 23-25, 2014
• Formats : PDF

Financial optimization and design of hybrid ground-coupled heat pump systems.

• Author(s) : HÉNAULT B., PASQUIER P., KUMMERT M.
• Publication date: 2016/01/25
• Languages : English
• Source: Applied Thermal Engineering - vol. 93

IIR document

Mesoscopic study of the effective thermal conductivity of dry and moist soil.

• Author(s) : CAI S., ZHANG B., CUI T., et al.
• Publication date: 2019/02
• Languages : English
• Source: International Journal of Refrigeration - Revue Internationale du Froid - vol. 98
• Formats : PDF

IIR document

Investigation on CO2 hybrid ground-coupled heat pumping system under warm climate.

• Author(s) : JIN Z., EIKEVIK T. M., NEKSÅ P., et al.
• Publication date: 2016/02
• Languages : English
• Source: International Journal of Refrigeration - Revue Internationale du Froid - vol. 62
• Formats : PDF

Rock-soil thermal response test and application of ground-source heat pump in severe cold zone.

[In Chinese. / En chinois.]

• Author(s) : GE F., LIU H., WANG J., et al.
• Publication date: 2014/11
• Languages : Chinese
• Source: HV & AC - vol. 44 - n. 297
• Formats : PDF

IIR document

Energy performance of CO2 hybrid ground-coupled heat pumping system for hotel application.

• Author(s) : JIN Z., EIKEVIK T. M., NEKSÅ P., et al.
• Publication date: 2015/08/16
• Languages : English
• Source: Proceedings of the 24th IIR International Congress of Refrigeration: Yokohama, Japan, August 16-22, 2015.
• Formats : PDF

Recommended by the IIR

Advances in the determination of the thermal ground properties for the design of borehole heat exchangers using thermal response tests.

• Author(s) : CAZORLA-MARÍN A., MAGRANER T., MONTAGUD MONTALVÁ C., MONTERO A., CORBERÁN J. M., MARTOS J.
• Publication date: 2022/04
• Languages : English
• Source: XI Congreso Ibérico y IX Congreso Iberoamericano de Ciencias y Técnicas del Frío, CYTEF 2022.
• Formats : PDF

Evaluation of soil thermal potential under Tunisian climate using a new conic basket geothermal heat exchanger: Energy and exergy analysis.

• Author(s) : BOUGHANMI H, LAZAAR M., FERHAT A., et al.
• Publication date: 2017/02/25
• Languages : English
• Source: Applied Thermal Engineering - vol. 113

Effect of hydro-thermal behavior on the frost heave of a saturated silty clay under different applied pressures.

• Author(s) : ZHANG X., ZHANG M., LU J., et al.
• Publication date: 2017/05/05
• Languages : English
• Source: Applied Thermal Engineering - vol. 117

Numerical evaluation on the effects of soil freezing on underground temperature variations of soil around ground heat exchangers.

• Author(s) : YANGA W., KONGA L., CHEN Y.
• Publication date: 2015/01/22
• Languages : English
• Source: Applied Thermal Engineering - vol. 75

IIR document

Taguchi and utility concept optimization of parabolic solar collector assisted ground coupled heat pump system for space heating applications.

• Author(s) : VERMA V., MURUGESAN K.
• Publication date: 2015/08/16
• Languages : English
• Source: Proceedings of the 24th IIR International Congress of Refrigeration: Yokohama, Japan, August 16-22, 2015.
• Formats : PDF

Geothermal earth heat exchanger.

• Author(s) : PANICKER R.
• Publication date: 2016/11
• Languages : English
• Source: Air Conditioning and Refrigeration Journal - vol. 19 - n. 6
• Formats : PDF

Economic analysis on floor radiant heating/cooling systems.

[In Chinese. / En chinois.]

• Author(s) : GONG K., LIU X., WANG Z.
• Publication date: 2015/01
• Languages : Chinese
• Source: HV & AC - vol. 45 - n. 299
• Formats : PDF

Comparing VAV ceiling and under floor supply air diffusers.

• Author(s) : BOSCH C.
• Publication date: 2014/04
• Languages : English
• Source: RACA Journal - vol. 30 - n. 2
• Formats : PDF

Viability of an absorption solar cooling system in an isolated school in Mexico

A recent IJR article presents a simulation of the operating strategies and the results of the first experiments following the installation of a solar thermal absorption air conditioning system, installed in an...

• Publication date : 2020/04/05
• Subjects: Developing country, Environment

Solar refrigeration solution designed to support life on the moon

In 2012, the prestigious NASA Commercial Innovation of the Year was bestowed on a solar refrigeration solution designed to support life on the moon, but has huge application on Earth. With approximately 2 billion of Earth’s inhabitants without...

• Publication date : 2013/04/22

Solar cooling: i-Cool Solar

Mitsubishi Chemical, ICL and Nippon Fruehauf have developed i-Cool Solar to air condition trucks. The system uses solar panels on the roof of the container. Mitsubishi Chemical claims that i-Cool Solar will reduce CO2 emissions per 10-ton nes...

• Publication date : 2011/02/11

Solar cooling: Low-cost solar vaccine refrigerator

About 2 million people around the world die each year of diseases preventable by widely used vaccines. In Africa and parts of Asia, over half of all vaccines that require refrigeration spoil before they can be administered. Millions of lives and...

• Publication date : 2011/02/04

Solar energy and solar cooling in India

The International Solar Alliance summit held in New Delhi on March 11, 2018 provided an opportunity to highlight a few figures on solar energy in India.

• Publication date : 2018/04/19
• Subjects: Developing country

Solar cooling: overview of the most promising alternatives

A paper by C. Infante-Ferreira and D.S. Kim, published in the March 2014 special issue of the International Journal of Refrigeration, gives an overview of the most promising alternatives and ranks options according to required investment for...

• Publication date : 2014/09/09

Vacuum Insulation Panels: a promising solution for domestic refrigerators

Thanks to their low thermal conductivity, Vacuum Insulation Panels (VIPs) make it possible to greatly reduce the energy consumption of domestic refrigerators. However, their adoption comes up against problems of...

• Publication date : 2020/05/27

LEGO® block structures as a solution for cryogenic temperature insulation?

British researchers have cooled LEGO® blocks at a temperature of a few mK in an experiment which reveals a possible new application for the material which composes the popular toy.

• Publication date : 2020/02/27

Solar-powered reefer in California

Tested over five months in California's San Joachin Valley, the first solar-powered transport refrigeration unit on a city delivery truck produced positive results.

• Publication date : 2018/05/07

Australia’s solar cooling potential

Stephen White, Chair of ausSCIG, predicts that more and more innovative solutions will be developed in the solar cooling field in Australia.

• Publication date : 2012/07/02

World’s largest adsorption solar cooling installation

Austrian company SOLID has installed a solar cooling for Desert Mountain High School, in Scottsdale, Arizona, a city in the Greater Phoenix area which enjoys 312 days of sun annually.

• Publication date : 2015/03/27

Solar cooling potential in Spain

During the IIR-co-sponsored EuroSun 2012 conference, Carrera et al. presented the results of a study about the potential of solar thermal energy to supply heating, domestic hot water and cooling in the residential and tertiary Spanish buildings...

• Publication date : 2013/03/25

India: solar-powered micro cold rooms

Solar-powered micro cold rooms using phase-change materials could be a solution for small farmers in India.

• Publication date : 2017/08/25
• Subjects: Developing country

Solar heating and cooling: key trends and challenges

In 2020, the solar thermal energy yield amounted to 407 TWh, which correlates to savings of 43.8 million tons of oil and 141.3 million tons of CO2. Although still only a niche market, solar cooling...

• Publication date : 2021/09/07

Solar cooling implemented in Jordan

Four sites in Jordan are now equipped with solar absorption chillers.

• Publication date : 2017/07/27
• Subjects: Developing country

New IIR Informatory Note on Solar Cooling 

Discover the latest IIR Informatory Note that provides a detailed analysis of solar cooling: an environmentally friendly and promising technology.

• Publication date : 2020/12/22
• Subjects: Technology

The IIR Informatory Note on Solar Cooling published in Russian

The IIR has just published a Russian version of the Informatory Note on Solar Cooling. In addition to the English and French versions, other notes have recently been published in Chinese, Russian and Spanish...

• Publication date : 2021/05/31
• Subjects: Technology

IJR Editorial: Solar energy, the energy of the future for refrigeration

Solar refrigeration should become a means of providing cleaner air conditioning and developing cold chains for food and health products where they are still deficient. We need to accompany this development while...

• Publication date : 2021/01/21

New IIR Informatory Note on solar cooling and other new publications

The IIR has just published an Informatory Note on solar cooling and has posted the Chinese version of the Informatory Note on the role of refrigeration in worldwide nutrition on its website.

• Publication date : 2021/01/26

New IIR Working Group on Solid-State Cooling and Heating

Initiated by Andrej Kitanovski (Slovenia), this working group's first objective is to promote international research collaboration in the areas of solid-state cooling, heat pumps, and energy...

• Publication date : 2022/07/08

Download the new IIR Informatory Note on Solar Cooling

Solar cooling may have a very positive environmental impact reducing the usage of fossil fuel, and the technology is almost mature enough to compete with conventional cooling equipment.

• Publication date : 2017/05/15

Invitation to join the IIR working group: Solid-state cooling and heating

Established last year, this latest IIR working group aims to promote international research collaboration to provide energy efficient and environmentally friendly solutions for a variety of solid-state...

• Publication date : 2023/05/02
• Subjects: Technology

Member news: Linde to develop cryogenic cooling solutions for quantum computers

Linde, corporate member of the IIR, partners with Bluefors to develop cryogenic cooling solutions for quantum computing technology. 

• Publication date : 2021/04/29

IIR wins ECREEE Award for solar cooling and heating efforts in Africa with SophiA

The ECOWAS Sustainable Energy Forum took place in Abidjan, Côte d’Ivoire on November 28-29. The IIR organised a SophiA workshop and was honoured with an ECREEE Award for its outstanding contribution to...

• Publication date : 2024/12/13

News from IIR members: Solar hybrid air conditioner launched by LG

LG Electronics (LG) recently announced Korea's first eco-friendly residential hybrid air conditioner that utilizes solar energy as part of its power supply. By combining power generated through the solar cell module attached to the top of the...

• Publication date : 2011/02/07

Supercooling and superchilling: A solution to increased shelf life and reduced food waste?

If these technologies were combined with perfusion chilling for meat and fish, then additional benefits such as rapid cooling, low weight loss and novel products could result.

• Publication date : 2015/10/27

IJR editorial: The cop on climate change: a growing presence of refrigeration issues to be consolidated

The Conference of the Parties on climate change was held in Sharm-El-Sheikh (Egypt) from Sunday 6 November to Sunday 20 November 2022. Generally speaking, this COP did not result in the decisions and actions...

• Publication date : 2023/01/23
• Subjects: Environment

New EU funded project began on October 1st, 2021: “SophiA - Sustainable off-grid solutions for pharmacies and hospitals in Africa”

With a budget of 8 million euros over four years, SophiA will develop containerized solutions for hospitals using natural refrigerants, solar thermal and photovoltaics to enable more and more African people to...

• Publication date : 2021/10/21
• Subjects: HFCs alternatives, Developing country, Environment, Technology

Sign-up to workshop at ICCC 2022: Clean and efficient refrigeration solutions for food and healthcare

Join the free online workshop on April 13 which will present the ongoing projects in developing countries that will help promote the adoption of climate-friendly refrigeration technologies.

• Publication date : 2022/03/07
• Subjects: Developing country, Environment

Member news: Daikin introduces EWYS-4Z: High-Efficiency Cooling and Heating Solution for Industrial and Commercial Needs

The polyvalent EWYS-4Z cooling and heating unit, which runs on R513A, is designed for superior energy efficiency and reduced noise for industrial and commercial applications. 

• Publication date : 2024/08/01

Additive manufacturing of regenerators for caloric cooling

In many areas of engineering, additive manufacturing allows the production of complex and multifunctional products that could not be manufactured using traditional methods. In the...

• Last update : 2022/09/16
• Langues : French, English
• Themes : Caloric cooling (magnetocaloric, electrocaloric, elastocaloric and barocaloric cooling)

Liquefied Natural Gas: production process and cold energy recovery

Liquefied natural gas (LNG) is natural gas that has been cooled to about -160 °C and turned into a liquid to facilitate transportation and storage. A typical LNG supply chain...

• Last update : 2023/06/23
• Langues : French, English
• Themes : LNG and LPG

Cold storage conditions for fruits and vegetables

Practical recommendations for the cold storage of over 200 cultivars of fruits, vegetables and herbs (storage temperatures, relative humidity, storage time, controlled atmosphere...

• Last update : 2023/01/16
• Langues : French, English
• Themes : Fruit, Vegetables

For IIR members only

Global cold storage capacity

This table presents the cold storage capacity in about 50 countries, based on data from the Global Cold Chain Alliance (GCCA).

• Last update : 2021/12/06
• Langues : English
• Themes : Refrigerated storage: economics and statistics

Cryogenics in the pharmaceutical industry: drug design and bioavailability improvement

Research activities in the pharmaceutical sector focus primarily on developing novel drug formulations which can elicit the desired response upon being administered to the patient...

• Last update : 2023/03/10
• Langues : French, English
• Themes : Freeze-drying in biology and medicine, Cryobiology, cryomedicine: general information

Additive manufacturing of heat exchangers

In the refrigeration industry, additive manufacturing (colloquially referred to as “3D printing”) makes it possible to fabricate novel, complex and potentially more energy efficient...

• Last update : 2022/09/07
• Langues : French, English
• Themes : Evaporators, condensers and other heat exchangers

Cryogenic nitrogen in the food and beverage industry

The adoption of cryogenic processes in the food and beverage industry is predominantly driven by liquid nitrogen (LIN), and it is the preferred candidate for food chilling and...

• Last update : 2023/11/07
• Langues : French, English
• Themes : Freezing of foodstuffs

Nanorefrigerants

Nanorefrigerants are created by adding nanoparticles in suspension to a base refrigerant. They have a thermal conductivity that is 15% to 104% higher than that of the corresponding...

• Last update : 2022/06/17
• Langues : English, French
• Themes : Nanofluids

Ice cream manufacturing, environmental impact and market data

From a physico-chemical point of view, ice cream is a complex, frozen multiphase mixture. The manufacturing process includes several stages of freezing which are described in this...

• Last update : 2023/06/30
• Langues : French, English
• Themes : Ice creams

Hydrocarbon refrigerants

Hydrocarbons such as R290 (propane), R600a (isobutane) or R1270 (propene/propylene) are low GWP non-toxic natural refrigerants with excellent thermodynamic properties. They offer an...

• Last update : 2022/06/22
• Langues : French, English
• Themes : Hydrocarbons, Containment, refrigerant charge reduction

Kigali Amendment status per country

List of the 163 countries that have accepted, approved or ratified the Kigali Amendment as of November 15, 2024.

• Last update : 2024/11/15
• Langues : English
• Themes : Regulations and standardization (Montreal and Kyoto Protocols…)

Global HFC emissions from the refrigeration sector

This table shows HFC emissions from the refrigeration sector – including air conditioning – in million tonnes of CO2 equivalent for about 40 countries that are signatories...

• Last update : 2022/01/20
• Langues : English
• Themes : General information on environment (climate change, ozone depletion…)