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Study on application scope for CO2 cascade refrigeration system and CO2 secondary refrigerant system.
[In Chinese. / En chinois.]
IIR document
Hybrid double effect absorption refrigeration system with a preceded air dehumidification compared to a conventional compression refrigeration system.
IIR handbook on indirect refrigeration and heat pump systems.
Investigations of vegetables cold store with indirect cooling system of the variable capacity.
Efficacité d'un système frigorifique à deux évaporateurs avec un éjecteur.
Efficiency of a dual-evaporators refrigeration system with ejector.
Development of a high efficient NH3/CO2 refrigeration system.
Investigation of a liquid desiccant system for air dehumidification working with an ionic liquid in a two-stage refrigeration system for cold stores.
Conversion of a direct to an indirect commercial (HFC134a/CO2) cascade refrigeration system: energy impact analysis.
Thermodynamic modelling of humid-air expansion within an R717/R729 cascade refrigeration system for cold store applications.
Cascade refrigeration system with inverse Brayton cycle on the cold side.
An improved approach to model compressors, condenser/gas cooler and their control system in refrigeration systems with R404A and R744 based on physical principles.
Recommended by the IIR / IIR document
Design and simulation of a small cold storage with NH3 refrigeration system and an indirect cooling loop with CO2.
Thermodynamic modelling of formation/dissociation cycles of two-phase slurries in secondary refrigeration system.
Handbook on indirect refrigeration and heat pump systems. (Digital or Paper version)
Numerical study on three CO2 transcritical two-stage refrigeration systems used in cold storage.
Refrigeration sector monitoring
163 results
Maritime transport: Improving the energy efficiency of refrigeration systems
According to a study presented at the latest IIR Compressors Conference, energy audits, system retrofitting, and the adoption of new technologies could help improve the energy efficiency of refrigeration systems...
Applications of Artificial Intelligence to refrigeration systems
AI techniques, which are currently very topical, are the subject of intense research and development. Overview of their applications and benefits in the refrigeration sector, based on the latest articles...
Quebec arenas refrigeration system upgrade project.
The Ministère de l'Education, du Loisir et du Sport from Québec involves in upgrading arenas refrigeration systems.
Lighting systems for cold stores
Various types of lighting exist for below 0°C temperature cold stores including mercury vapor (MV) lamps, high pressure sodium (HPS) and light-emitting diodes (LED).
Solar ejector refrigeration systems: benefits and latest developments
Two IJR articles present the latest advancements in this technology and in particular the advantages of variable geometry ejectors and low-GWP refrigerants in terms of performance.
Reducing the environmental impact of ultra-low temperature refrigeration systems
Ultra-low temperature (ULT) refrigeration systems often use very high-GWP HFCs. Yet, ULT systems are excluded from the scope of the regulations aimed at phasing-down HFCs. An IJR paper reviews the most promising...
Impact of failures on the performance of refrigeration systems
An Australian study assesses the impact of failures of different refrigeration systems on their performance. Various air conditioning systems, refrigerated display cabinets and walk-in cold rooms were put to the...
Latest research on ammonia-based absorption refrigeration systems
A recent article has reviewed literature on absorption chillers that use ammonia as a refrigerant, along with water (H2O), lithium nitrate (LiNO3), and lithium nitrate + water...
Reclaiming waste heat from ice rinks’ refrigeration systems to save energy
Several studies and recent cases studies show that heat recovery from the refrigeration system is the biggest energy-saving measure in ice rinks.
Faults and energy consumption of CO2 refrigeration systems in supermarkets
Food products refrigeration accounts for the largest share of energy consumption in supermarkets. In a recent study, the most common faults in supermarket CO2 refrigeration systems were investigated,...
Pressure exchanger enhances efficiency of CO2 refrigeration systems
A new pressure exchanger technology, adapted from the desalination industry, offers significant energy efficiency improvements for CO2 refrigeration systems, addressing challenges of high energy...
Frost mitigation methods for heat pumps and refrigeration systems
Frost growth is an important issue since defrosting can represent up to 30% of the total energy consumption of refrigerated display cabinets. Review of the various frost mitigation technologies and latest...
GL2024: Improving the performance of R744-refrigeration systems at high ambient temperatures
A paper presented during the 16th IIR-Gustav Lorentzen Conference on Natural Refrigerants proposes improving the performance of R744 refrigeration systems in transcritical operation using low-charge R290...
Use of ejectors for performance improvement in CO2 commercial refrigeration systems
Expansion work recovery by means of a two-phase ejector is an attractive option for improving the efficiency of CO2 commercial refrigeration systems. Transcritical CO2 systems have relatively large throttling loss, meaning that they offer the...
Supermarkets: retrofit of refrigerating systems from R404A to R449A
Two examples of retrofitting supermarket refrigerating systems from R404A to R449A.
IIR news
122 results
Hot off the press: Handbook on Indirect Refrigeration and Heat Pump Systems
Be the first to read the newly published IIR Handbook on Indirect Refrigeration and Heat Pump Systems.
Refrigeration Safety Working Group Congress meeting
Refrigeration Safety Working Group Congress meeting ICR 2019 offers opportunities for industry experts to meet and discuss improvements in refrigeration safety. With the upcoming...
Book your spot! Training session on food refrigeration systems
From July 1 to 5 2024, Professor Don Cleland will be leading a training workshop in London entitled “Cost-Effective Refrigeration”.
Focus on Refrigeration Safety: IIR re-inaugurates Working Group
The IIR Working Group now on “Refrigeration Safety” will soon be relaunched and is ready to welcome a new chairperson.
First meeting of the IIR Working Group on Refrigeration Safety
During the Gustav Lorentzen conference in Valencia (Spain), the IIR Working Group “Refrigeration Safety”, chaired by Alexander Cohr Pachai, held its first meeting.
Member News: New Intermarché Store in Central Paris Equipped with Epta’s “Integral” Refrigeration Systems
The integration of compact, self-contained refrigeration units demonstrates the adaptability of modern cooling technologies in urban and architecturally sensitive environments.
Member news: Mirai Intex releases new high capacity ultra-low temperature refrigeration system
Mirai Intex, corporate member of the IIR, has released a new ultra-low temperature (ULT) system based on air-cycle technology, offering high cooling capacity.
Member news: Mirai Intex ultra-low temperature refrigeration system at the ACHEMA trade show in Germany
Mirai Intex, corporate member of the IIR, will present its MC 15 C/W/T closed-cycle refrigeration machine at the ACHEMA trade show in August 2022 in Germany.
IIR member news: Star Refrigeration
The UK company Star Refrigeration has announced the launch of a new subsidiary, Azane Inc., to manufacture and supply their “low-charge ammonia” Azane technology in the US.
Member news: Carrier Transicold's innovative electrical technologies for refrigerated transport
Carrier Transicold promotes a new all-electric and autonomous cooling system for semi-trailers that completes its 100% electric range.
New IIR Informatory Note on Refrigerant Charge Reduction
Now available for IIR members! The 25th IIR Informatory Note, the latest in the series on Refrigeration Technologies.
Interview: Director General of the IIR gives an overview of the trends of the refrigeration sector
In the 2018-2019 international special issue of the Industria & Formazione magazine, Director General of the International Institute of Refrigeration, Didier Coulomb, gives an overview of the impact of the refrigeration sector on climate...
Strengthening cold chain technologies in hot climates: IIR and UNEP lead the conversation at MOP37
Nairobi, 3 November 2025 — At the 37th Meeting of the Parties to the Montreal Protocol (MOP37), UNEP OzonAction and the International Institute of Refrigeration (IIR) hosted a dynamic side event focused on strengthening sustainable...
Press release: The International Institute of Refrigeration appoints Professor Judith Evans as new president of Commission C2
The International Institute of Refrigeration (IIR) is proud to announce the appointment of Judith Evans, Professor at London South Bank University, as the new president of IIR Commission C2 on food science and engineering.
Spotlight on Commission B2: at the forefront of refrigerating equipment
Coordinated by the IIR Science and Technology Council, Commission B2 focuses on promoting knowledge of refrigerating equipment technologies and their applications worldwide.
Encyclopedia of Refrigeration
6 results
Cryogenic nitrogen in the food and beverage industry
The adoption of cryogenic processes in the food and beverage industry is predominantly driven by liquid nitrogen (LIN), and it is the preferred candidate for food chilling and...
Hydrocarbon refrigerants
Hydrocarbons such as R290 (propane), R600a (isobutane) or R1270 (propene/propylene) are low GWP non-toxic natural refrigerants with excellent thermodynamic properties. They offer an...
Liquefied Natural Gas: production process and cold energy recovery
Liquefied natural gas (LNG) is natural gas that has been cooled to about -160 °C and turned into a liquid to facilitate transportation and storage. A typical LNG supply chain...
Nanorefrigerants
Nanorefrigerants are created by adding nanoparticles in suspension to a base refrigerant. They have a thermal conductivity that is 15% to 104% higher than that of the corresponding...
Ice cream manufacturing, environmental impact and market data
From a physico-chemical point of view, ice cream is a complex, frozen multiphase mixture. The manufacturing process includes several stages of freezing which are described in this...
Additive manufacturing of regenerators for caloric cooling
In many areas of engineering, additive manufacturing allows the production of complex and multifunctional products that could not be manufactured using traditional methods. In the...
