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IIR document

Effect of sorbet freezing process on draw temperature and ice crystal size using focused beam reflectance method (FBRM) online measurements.

• Author(s) : ARELLANO B. J. E., GONZALEZ B. D., LEDUCQ D., et al.
• Publication date: 2011/08/21
• Languages :
• Keywords : Ice, Texture, Sorbet, Expérimentation, Crystal, Ice cream, Freezing
• Source: Proceedings of the 23^rd IIR International Congress of Refrigeration: Prague, Czech Republic, August 21-26, 2011. Overarching theme: Refrigeration for Sustainable Development.
• Formats : PDF

IIR document

Effect of freezing rate and storage on the texture and quality parameters of strawberry and green bean frozen in home type freezer.

• Author(s) : BULUT M., BAYER O., KIRTIL E., et al.
• Publication date: 2018/04
• Languages : English
• Keywords : Strawberry, Freezing rate, Texture, Nutritional value, French bean, Expérimentation, Freezer, Freezing time
• Source: International Journal of Refrigeration - Revue Internationale du Froid - vol. 88
• Formats : PDF

La congélation de pommes partiellement séchées.

Freezing partially dried apples.

• Author(s) : BEN HAJ SAID L., BELLAGHA S., ALLAF K.
• Publication date: 2016/11
• Languages : French
• Keywords : Texture, Water content, Apple, Firmness, Expérimentation, Dehydration, Freezing
• Source: Revue générale du Froid & du Conditionnement d'air - n.1160

IIR document

Freezing and storage of seaweed.

• Author(s) : NORDTVEDT T. S., STEVANT P., INDERGÅRD E.
• Publication date: 2019/08/24
• Languages : English
• Keywords : Biomass, Drip, Texture, Algae, Quality, Weight loss, Expérimentation, Cold storage, Colour, Freezing-thawing
• Source: Proceedings of the 25^th IIR International Congress of Refrigeration: Montréal , Canada, August 24-30, 2019.
• Formats : PDF

Recommended by the IIR

The Freeze-Drying of Foods—The Characteristic of the Process Course and the Effect of Its Parameters on the Physical Properties of Food Materials

• Author(s) : NOWAK D., JAKUBCZYK E.
• Publication date: 2020/10
• Languages : English
• Keywords : Freeze-drying, Quality, Food, Freezing rate, Texture, Sublimation, Desorption, Porosity, Review, Physico-chemical property
• Source: Foods - 9 - 10
• Formats : PDF

IIR document

Experimental study on silica gel-LiCl composite desiccants for desiccant coated heat exchanger.

• Author(s) : ZHENG X., GE T. S., JIANG Y., et al.
• Publication date: 2015/03
• Languages : English
• Keywords : Thermal conductivity, Silica gel, Dehumidification, Composite, Coating (food), Texture, Sorption, Expérimentation, Desiccant, Heat exchanger
• Source: International Journal of Refrigeration - Revue Internationale du Froid - vol. 51
• Formats : PDF

IIR document

Degradation of adenosine triphosphate, water loss and textural changes in frozen common carp (Cyprinus carpio) fillets during storage at different temperatures.

• Author(s) : LI D., QIN N., ZHANG L., et al.
• Publication date: 2019/02
• Languages : English
• Source: International Journal of Refrigeration - Revue Internationale du Froid - vol. 98
• Formats : PDF

IIR document

Effects of microwave-assisted freezing on the quality attributes of lamb meat.

• Author(s) : HAMZEH ATANI S., HAMDAMI N., DALVI-ISFAHAN M., SOLTANIZADEH N., FALLAH-JOSHAQANI S.
• Publication date: 2022/11
• Languages : English
• Keywords : Microwave, Freezing, Lamb, Meat, Structure, Organoleptic property, Drip, Loss, Texture, Colour, Thawing, Crystal, Ice, Expérimentation
• Source: International Journal of Refrigeration - Revue Internationale du Froid - vol. 143
• Formats : PDF

Effect of the surface texture on the heat transfer coefficient in nucleate boiling of aqueous lithium bromide solution at low heat fluxes.

• Author(s) : MENHART F., NATZER S., RIEPL M., et al.
• Publication date: 2014/03/02
• Languages : English
• Source: International sorption heat pump conference (ISHPC2014), College Park, United States, March 31-April 2, 2014.
• Formats : PDF

IIR document

Application of Vis–NIR hyperspectral imaging in classification between fresh and frozen-thawed pork Longissimus Dorsi muscles.

• Author(s) : MA J., PU H., SUN D. W., et al.
• Publication date: 2015/02
• Languages : English
• Source: International Journal of Refrigeration - Revue Internationale du Froid - vol. 50
• Formats : PDF

Effect of high-pressure pre-treatments and subsequent frozen storage on quality properties of horse mackerel.

• Author(s) : FIDALGO L. G., SARAIVA J. A., AUBOURG S. P., et al.
• Publication date: 2016/05/03
• Languages : English
• Source: CYTEF 2016. VIII Congreso Ibérico y VI Congreso Iberoamericano de las Ciencias y Técnicas del Frío, Coimbra-Portugal, 3-6 mayo, 2016.
• Formats : PDF

Recommended by the IIR / IIR document

Effect of supercooling freezing on the blanched and non-balanced potato compare with conventional freezing methods.

• Author(s) : POUDYAL R. L., WATANABE M., SUZUKI T., NIMU B.
• Publication date: 2020/08/26
• Languages : English
• Source: 6^th IIR International Conference on Sustainability and the Cold Chain. Proceedings: Nantes, France, August 26-28 2020
• Formats : PDF

Food freezing equipment: quality, safety and efficiency.

• Author(s) : Air Products
• Publication date: 2013
• Languages : English
• Source: Cold Facts - vol. 29 - n. 3

Effects of different packaging on the qualify of frozen pork in frost-free refrigerator.

[In Chinese. / En chinois.]

• Author(s) : LI X., LIU B., LI W., et al.
• Publication date: 2016/12
• Languages : Chinese
• Source: Journal of Refrigeration - vol. 37 - n. 172
• Formats : PDF

IIR document

Experimental study on the effect of heating plate (Heat source) temperature on a new vacuum sublimation - rehydration thawing. 

• Author(s) : CHEN S., WU W., LIU F., ZHANG H., YANG W.
• Publication date: 2022/04
• Languages : English
• Source: International Journal of Refrigeration - Revue Internationale du Froid - vol. 136
• Formats : PDF

Gallo-Roman craft restored thanks to freeze drying.

A 32-m barge weighing 30 tonnes that sank in the Rhone around 50 AD 30 tonnes is being restored thanks to the use of polyethylene glycol, followed by freeze drying

• Publication date : 2012/08/28

Ice cream global trade data

Various market analysts predict an upward trend in the global ice cream market, particularly in Asia-Pacific and several emerging economies. Europe led global exports of ice cream in...

• Publication date : 2022/06/07
• Subjects: Figures, economy

Novel energy-saving cryogenic equipment for walnut kernel peeling

In a recent study, a prototype cryogenic equipment was designed to peel walnut kernel more efficiently than by immersion in liquid nitrogen. 

• Publication date : 2021/04/28
• Subjects: Technology

Study finds ice cream colder that it needs to be

Recent research suggests that ice cream manufacturers could use higher temperatures in their freezers and save energy without harming product quality Writing in the Journal of Dairy Science, researchers at South Dakota State University in the...

• Publication date : 2011/08/16

Dehydrofreezing of apples

A recent study focuses on a freezing process for partially dehydrated apples.

• Publication date : 2017/07/31

Individual quick frozen vegetables global market

A projection of the IQF vegetables global market for the 2015-2025 period.

• Publication date : 2017/05/04
• Subjects: Figures, economy

Reducing food waste in European households

Proper food storage in households is important to reduce food waste in Europe. A survey in Germany found that although consumers have a high awareness of food safety, they lack knowledge in handling advanced...

• Publication date : 2021/03/11
• Subjects: General information, Figures, economy

Reducing the environmental impact of ultra-low temperature refrigeration systems

Ultra-low temperature (ULT) refrigeration systems often use very high-GWP HFCs. Yet, ULT systems are excluded from the scope of the regulations aimed at phasing-down HFCs. An IJR paper reviews the most promising...

• Publication date : 2020/04/05
• Subjects: Environment, HFCs alternatives

The HVACR workforce in the United States

According to the Bureau of Labor Statistics, there were over 800,000 technician and engineer jobs related to heating and refrigeration in the US in 2021.

• Publication date : 2023/04/17
• Subjects: Figures, economy

European legislation and cogeneration

COGEN Europe has issued a new briefing paper on "European Policy and Legislation affecting Cogeneration", which summarises the most important pieces of legislation relevant to the development of cogeneration in Europe. This document shows that the...

• Publication date : 2005/01/12

Green Buildings: King Abdullah University

King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST) in Thuwal, Saudi Arabia, has been selected as one of the 2010 "Top Ten Green Projects" by the American Institute of Architects (AIA) Committee on the Environment (COTE). The annual...

• Publication date : 2011/02/04

For IIR members only

Will the facades of the future be able to supply heat pumps?

A German organisation is developing a material that could use solar energy to power a heat pump. 

• Publication date : 2023/05/27

An innovative concept of refrigerated semi-trailer

The refrigerated semi-trailer undergoing final test combines electricity production by hydrogen fuel cell and refrigeration production using CO2 as refrigerant.

• Publication date : 2019/08/29

Evaporative cooling: continuation of the Cold-Snap project at Harvard University

Tests show that Cold-Snap evaporative cooling technology would be effective in humid climates, while limiting water consumption.

• Publication date : 2022/09/28

3D printing for passive buildings

3D printing of buildings, which has advantages in terms of cost and speed of construction, can also facilitate the design of near zero energy buildings. 

• Publication date : 2021/03/29

News from IIR members: Nestlé

Nestlé is conducting unique research with the Institute for Snow and Avalanche Research in Switzerland (SLF) with a view to identifying the main mechanisms that alter the texture and structure of ice cream.

• Publication date : 2012/06/25

Awareness campaign on the CLIM'ECO programme in Guadeloupe

The IIR, partner and ambassador of the CLIM'ECO program, has undertaken a mission of sensitisation in Guadeloupe as part of the programme.

• Publication date : 2021/01/27

Ice cream manufacturing, environmental impact and market data

From a physico-chemical point of view, ice cream is a complex, frozen multiphase mixture. The manufacturing process includes several stages of freezing which are described in this...

• Last update : 2023/05/10
• Langues : French, English
• Themes : Ice creams

Cryogenic nitrogen in the food and beverage industry

The adoption of cryogenic processes in the food and beverage industry is predominantly driven by liquid nitrogen (LIN), and it is the preferred candidate for food chilling and...

• Last update : 2023/06/02
• Langues : French, English
• Themes : Freezing of foodstuffs

Environmental impact of the ice cream industry

This summary document describes the environmental impact of ice cream manufacturing, which is mainly due to the energy consumption and refrigerants used.

• Last update : 2022/11/17
• Langues : French, English
• Themes : General information on environment (climate change, ozone depletion…)

Additive manufacturing of heat exchangers

In the refrigeration industry, additive manufacturing (colloquially referred to as “3D printing”) makes it possible to fabricate novel, complex and potentially more energy efficient...

• Last update : 2022/09/07
• Langues : French, English
• Themes : Evaporators, condensers and other heat exchangers