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IIR document
Effect of sorbet freezing process on draw temperature and ice crystal size using focused beam reflectance method (FBRM) online measurements.
The interrelation between ice crystal size and the texture of commercial ice cream: a quantitative analysis.
Effect of freezing rate and storage on the texture and quality parameters of strawberry and green bean frozen in home type freezer.
La congélation de pommes partiellement séchées.
Freezing partially dried apples.
Changes in the quality of apple tissue subjected to different freezing rates during long-term frozen storage at different temperatures.
Development of a cabin for fast freezing in a household refrigerator and examination of its effects on the quality characteristics of beef.
Freezing and storage of seaweed.
Recommended by the IIR
The Freeze-Drying of Foods—The Characteristic of the Process Course and the Effect of Its Parameters on the Physical Properties of Food Materials
Experimental study on silica gel-LiCl composite desiccants for desiccant coated heat exchanger.
Degradation of adenosine triphosphate, water loss and textural changes in frozen common carp (Cyprinus carpio) fillets during storage at different temperatures.
Effects of microwave-assisted freezing on the quality attributes of lamb meat.
A review on flow boiling enhancement on textured surfaces.
Application of Vis–NIR hyperspectral imaging in classification between fresh and frozen-thawed pork Longissimus Dorsi muscles.
Impact of thawing methods and packaging sizes on the physicochemical and microbial quality of frozen kimchi.
Effect of high-pressure pre-treatments and subsequent frozen storage on quality properties of horse mackerel.
Refrigeration sector monitoring
39 results
Ultrasounds and metal plates: Innovative solutions for beef freezing and preservation
Ultrasound- and metal plate-assisted freezing techniques have recently been tested on beef and have outperformed conventional freezing in several key quality parameters.
Is super-cooling better than chilling for seafood products?
Super-cooled storage is a novel technique that better preserves the texture and freshness of fish and extends shelf life compared to chilling.
Gallo-Roman craft restored thanks to freeze drying.
A 32-m barge weighing 30 tonnes that sank in the Rhone around 50 AD 30 tonnes is being restored thanks to the use of polyethylene glycol, followed by freeze drying
Ice cream global trade data
Various market analysts predict an upward trend in the global ice cream market, particularly in Asia-Pacific and several emerging economies. Europe led global exports of ice cream in...
Novel energy-saving cryogenic equipment for walnut kernel peeling
In a recent study, a prototype cryogenic equipment was designed to peel walnut kernel more efficiently than by immersion in liquid nitrogen.
Study finds ice cream colder that it needs to be
Recent research suggests that ice cream manufacturers could use higher temperatures in their freezers and save energy without harming product quality Writing in the Journal of Dairy Science, researchers at South Dakota State University in the...
Dehydrofreezing of apples
A recent study focuses on a freezing process for partially dehydrated apples.
Individual quick frozen vegetables global market
A projection of the IQF vegetables global market for the 2015-2025 period.
Reducing food waste in European households
Proper food storage in households is important to reduce food waste in Europe. A survey in Germany found that although consumers have a high awareness of food safety, they lack knowledge in handling advanced...
Advances in brain tissue cryopreservation
A team of researchers has developed a method for preserving the neuronal architecture and functional activity of cerebral organoids. This could make it possible to reduce the long-term costs of culturing these...
Reducing the environmental impact of ultra-low temperature refrigeration systems
Ultra-low temperature (ULT) refrigeration systems often use very high-GWP HFCs. Yet, ULT systems are excluded from the scope of the regulations aimed at phasing-down HFCs. An IJR paper reviews the most promising...
The refrigeration sector celebrates International Women's Day and World Engineering Day
Engineers and technicians make up the bulk of the workforce in the refrigeration and heat pump sector, a growing sector in which all professions are accessible to women.
The HVACR workforce in the United States in 2022
According to the Bureau of Labor Statistics, the number of technicians employed in the heating and refrigeration sector in the US rose between 2021 and 2022.
The HVACR workforce in the United States
According to the Bureau of Labor Statistics, there were over 800,000 technician and engineer jobs related to heating and refrigeration in the US in 2021.
European legislation and cogeneration
COGEN Europe has issued a new briefing paper on "European Policy and Legislation affecting Cogeneration", which summarises the most important pieces of legislation relevant to the development of cogeneration in Europe. This document shows that the...
IIR news
5 results
News from IIR members: Nestlé
Nestlé is conducting unique research with the Institute for Snow and Avalanche Research in Switzerland (SLF) with a view to identifying the main mechanisms that alter the texture and structure of ice cream.
Awareness campaign on the CLIM'ECO programme in Guadeloupe
The IIR, partner and ambassador of the CLIM'ECO program, has undertaken a mission of sensitisation in Guadeloupe as part of the programme.
New IIR Working Group “Electric vehicle thermal management systems”
This new working group, which focuses on a topical theme, is headed by Xianting Li, new President of Section E.
IIR publishes a new Technical Brief: Cooling technologies for sustainable data centres
Authored by leading IIR experts in energy and power engineering, this publication offers a comprehensive exploration of innovative cooling solutions designed to meet the escalating...
New EU research project BETTED gets underway!
The IIR is one of 10 partners of the new European research project aimed at promoting the energy transition of the dairy value chain.
Encyclopedia of Refrigeration
4 results
Ice cream manufacturing, environmental impact and market data
From a physico-chemical point of view, ice cream is a complex, frozen multiphase mixture. The manufacturing process includes several stages of freezing which are described in this...
Cryogenic nitrogen in the food and beverage industry
The adoption of cryogenic processes in the food and beverage industry is predominantly driven by liquid nitrogen (LIN), and it is the preferred candidate for food chilling and...
Environmental impact of the ice cream industry
This summary document describes the environmental impact of ice cream manufacturing, which is mainly due to the energy consumption and refrigerants used.
Additive manufacturing of heat exchangers
In the refrigeration industry, additive manufacturing (colloquially referred to as “3D printing”) makes it possible to fabricate novel, complex and potentially more energy efficient...
