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Modeling and characterization of a tube-in-tube refrigerant cooled absorber.

• Author(s) : APRILE M., TOPPI T., GUERRA M., et al.
• Publication date: 2014/03/02
• Languages : English
• Keywords : Tube-in-tube, Mass transfer, Heat transfer, Ammonia, Modelling, Refrigerant, Heat exchanger, Water, Absorber
• Source: International sorption heat pump conference (ISHPC2014), College Park, United States, March 31-April 2, 2014.
• Formats : PDF

Modeling and experimental validation of a tube-in-tube refrigerant cooled absorber.

• Author(s) : TOPPI T., APRILE M., GUERRA M., et al.
• Publication date: 2015/04/05
• Languages : English
• Keywords : Tube-in-tube, Mass transfer, Heat transfer, Ammonia, Modelling, Expérimentation, Refrigerant, Heat exchanger, Water, Absorber
• Source: Applied Thermal Engineering - vol. 80

IIR document

Entropy generation and sensitivity analysis of R134a flow condensation inside a helically coiled tube-in-tube heat exchanger.

• Author(s) : CAO Y., ABDOUS M. A., GHAZANFARI HOLAGH S. , SHAFIEE M., HASHEMIAN M.
• Publication date: 2021/10
• Languages : English
• Keywords : R134a, Entropy, Flow, Condensation, Tube-in-tube, Helical tube, Geometry, Heat exchanger, Heat transfer, Pressure drop, Modelling
• Source: International Journal of Refrigeration - Revue Internationale du Froid - vol. 130
• Formats : PDF

IIR document

Investigation on the performance of fluted tube-in-tube gas cooler in transcritical CO2 heat pump water heater.

• Author(s) : YE Z., WANG Y., ZENDEHBOUDI A., HAFNER A., CAO F.
• Publication date: 2022/03
• Languages : English
• Keywords : Simulation, Tube-in-tube, Water heater, Transcritical cycle, CO2, R744, COP, Expérimentation, Gas cooler
• Source: International Journal of Refrigeration - Revue Internationale du Froid - vol. 135
• Formats : PDF

IIR document

100℃ Hot Water Supplied by CO2 Transcritical Heat Pump with Optimized Tube-in-tube Heat Exchanger

• Author(s) : HUANG R., HU B., GE T. S., EIKEVIK T. M.
• Publication date: 2022/06/13
• Languages : English
• Keywords : Hot water, Transcritical cycle, CO2, Heat pump, Tube-in-tube, Heat exchanger, Air-source system, Optimization, R744, Modelling
• Source: 15^th IIR-Gustav Lorentzen Conference on Natural Refrigerants (GL2022). Proceedings. Trondheim, Norway, June 13-15^th 2022.
• Formats : PDF

IIR document

Comparative analysis of microfin vs smooth tubes in R32 and R410A boiling.

• Author(s) : LONGO G. A., MANCIN S., RIGHETTI G., ZILIO C.
• Publication date: 2021/11
• Languages : English
• Keywords : Comparison, Microfin tube, R32, R410A, Expérimentation, Boiling, GWP, Heat transfer, Tube-in-tube, Heat exchanger, Thermodynamic property
• Source: International Journal of Refrigeration - Revue Internationale du Froid - vol. 131
• Formats : PDF

Recommended by the IIR / IIR document

Experimental study on the role of metal foams in a vertical PCM-based thermal energy storage tube.

• Author(s) : RIGHETTI G., MANCIN S., ZILIO C., LONGO G. A.
• Publication date: 2021/09/01
• Languages : English
• Keywords : Expérimentation, PCM, Foam, Aluminium, Tube-in-tube, Heat exchanger, Paraffin, Thermal conductivity, Thermal energy storage, Test rig
• Source: 13^rd IIR Conference on Phase-Change Materials and Slurries for Refrigeration and Air Conditioning. Proceedings: (online) Vicenza, Italy, September 1-3, 2021.
• Formats : PDF

R1234ze(e) as drop-in replacement for R134a in a micro-fin shell-and-tube evaporator: experimental tests and calculation model.

• Author(s) : CENSI G., PADOVAN A.
• Publication date: 2021/05
• Languages : English
• Keywords : R1234ze(E), Drop-in, R134a, Shell and tube exchanger, Microfin tube, Test rig, Expérimentation, Prototype, Modelling, Evaporator, Thermodynamic property
• Source: 2021 Purdue Conferences. 18^th International Refrigeration and Air-Conditioning Conference at Purdue.
• Formats : PDF

IIR document

Experimental and calculated heat transfer of a micro-fin shell and tube evaporator: R513A as drop-in replacement for R134a. 

• Author(s) : CENSI G., PADOVAN A.
• Publication date: 2021/09/01
• Languages : English
• Keywords : Drop-in, R513A, Heat transfer, R134a, Shell and tube exchanger, Microfin tube, Simulation, Evaporator, Prototype, Test rig, Expérimentation
• Source: 6^th IIR Conference on Thermophysical Properties and Transfer Processes of Refrigerants
• Formats : PDF

Study on application of tube-in-tube condenser for auto-cascade refrigeration.

[In Chinese. / En chinois.]

• Author(s) : RUI S., ZHANG H., WANG H., et al.
• Publication date: 2014/04
• Languages : Chinese
• Keywords : R600a, R23, Low temperature, Tube, Design, Cascade system, Mixture, Condenser
• Source: Journal of Refrigeration - vol. 35 - n. 156
• Formats : PDF

Experimental study on heat transfer performance of CO2 tube-in-tube gas cooler.

[In Chinese. / En chinois.]

• Author(s) : LÜ J., XU F., WANG J., et al.
• Publication date: 2014/08
• Languages : Chinese
• Keywords : Hot water, Heat transfer, Gas cooler, R744, Heat pump, Performance, Shell and tube exchanger, CO2
• Source: Journal of Refrigeration - vol. 35 - n. 158
• Formats : PDF

IIR document

Introduction of annular vortex tube and experimental comparison with Ranque-Hilsch vortex tube.

• Author(s) : SADI M., FARZANEH GORD M.
• Publication date: 2014/10
• Languages : English
• Keywords : Tube-in-tube, Thermodynamics, Comparison, Vortex, Vortex tube, Ranque-hilsch, Expérimentation
• Source: International Journal of Refrigeration - Revue Internationale du Froid - vol. 46
• Formats : PDF

IIR document

Optical measurements of liquid film and waves during annular-flow condensation inside a channel.

• Author(s) : BERTO A., AZZOLIN M., BORTOLIN S., LAVIEILLE P., MISCEVIC M., DEL COL D.
• Publication date: 2021/09/01
• Languages : English
• Keywords : Condensation, Film, Expérimentation, Test rig, Tube-in-tube, Heat exchanger, Thermodynamic property, Flow, R245fa
• Source: 6^th IIR Conference on Thermophysical Properties and Transfer Processes of Refrigerants
• Formats : PDF

Experimental Analysis of Flow Boiling in Horizontal Annulus—The Effect of Heat Flux on Bubble Size Distributions.

• Author(s) : ZAJEC B. , CIZELJ L., KONCAR B.
• Publication date: 2022/03
• Languages : English
• Keywords : Flow boiling, Horizontal tube, Heat transfer, Expérimentation, R245fa, Subcooling, Test rig, Tube-in-tube, Heat exchanger, Copper, Imaging
• Source: Energies - 15 - 6
• Formats : PDF

IIR document

A finite volume coaxial heat exchanger model with moving boundaries and modifications to correlations for two-phase flow in fluted annuli.

• Author(s) : HUANG L., AUTE V., RADERMACHER R.
• Publication date: 2014/04
• Languages : English
• Keywords : Two-phase flow, Tube-in-tube, Refrigerating system, Electrocaloric cooling, Model, Thermodynamic cycle, Heat exchanger
• Source: International Journal of Refrigeration - Revue Internationale du Froid - vol. 40
• Formats : PDF

GL2012 highlights: low-charge propane air-conditioning system using small section copper tubes

Propane air conditioner with smaller copper tubes and a smaller (and thus safer) refrigerant charge.

• Publication date : 2012/09/28

Food invention: frozen tea cubes

Iceland Food has expressed interest in a student prize-winning invention: frozen fruit tea cubes.

• Publication date : 2013/09/12

Performance of R32 and R290 as alternatives to R22 and R410A in domestic air conditioning

According to the authors, regardless of the capacity difference, R290 could be considered as the most appropriate substitute in air conditioners with small finned tube heat exchangers

• Publication date : 2014/09/25

Vaccines: a step towards thermostability

Ensilication of the protein molecules of a vaccine against tuberculosis prevents its deterioration by heat.

• Publication date : 2019/10/30
• Subjects: Developing country

CO2 technology for ice-skating rinks

Nowadays, the use of large amounts of ammonia in public places is restricted by regulations in several countries, for safety reasons. Hence, new skating rinks with direct ammonia systems can no longer be built, although it is thought that they...

• Publication date : 2004/11/19

Solar absorption air conditioning

When do you need air conditioning? When it is hot and sunny. This is why Broad Air Conditioning, China, one of the world's largest manufacturers of direct-fired absorption chillers, has been focusing on solar absorption air-conditioning systems...

• Publication date : 2006/11/15

CHEs in heat pumps

In its Annex 33, "Compact Heat Exchangers in Heat Pumping Equipment" issued in September 2010, the Heat Pump Programme details the benefits of using compact heat exchangers (CHEs): . Improved heat exchanger thermal effectiveness: thermal...

• Publication date : 2011/02/07

Cryogenics: A new cryocooler

A new cryocooler has been demonstrated at the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) that combines small-size, rapid cooling, low temperatures and high efficiency. It is a "pulse tube" design that uses oscillating helium gas to...

• Publication date : 2007/05/04

Edible packaging: drink a beverage and eat the bottle too!

Prof. David A. Edwards has developed creations that include inhalable chocolate, inhalable caffeine, and a tuberculosis vaccine in the form of a spray.

• Publication date : 2012/07/17

Underground river to cool the London tube

The "Cooling the Tube" competition in 2003, promising GBP 100 000 to those finding a workable solution to cool the Tube, received 3400 entries. Modern systems with large tunnels and surface lines can be cooled using air-cooling systems. However,...

• Publication date : 2005/02/11

Green buildings: Expo 2010 in Shanghai, China

Expo 2010 in Shanghai, China is on, and is expected to draw 70 million visitors. With a theme of "Better City, Better Life", it aims to explore the full potential of urban life in the 21st century and how to create an eco-friendly society....

• Publication date : 2011/02/04

Charge minimization in hydrocarbon systems

This paper was presented at the IIR Gustav Lorentzen Conference in Glasgow (Sep. 2004). It presents the results of the project to minimize charge in a R290 system that has 1-1.5 kW refrigeration capacity. Currently, there are many guidelines...

• Publication date : 2004/11/24

IIR Rankine Conference 2020: Which alternative working fluids for ORC systems?

HFOs (hydrofluoroolefins), HCFOs (hydrochlorofluoroolefins) and hydrocarbons were the main alternatives to HFC245fa presented during the IIR Rankine Conference 2020.

• Publication date : 2020/09/04
• Subjects: HFCs alternatives

Briefs: Walking in space

Interested in spacesuits? Spacesuits have to protect the human body from the extreme conditions encountered in space where temperatures can range from 135°C in direct sunlight to -82°C in areas of shadow. Cooling during spacewalking is provided...

• Publication date : 2007/02/12

Briefs: London tube

The London Tube has air-conditioned trains at last. The first of 191 brand new walk-through air-conditioned trains came into service in August 2010 on the Metropolitan line. Roll-out should be complete on this line by 2011, by which time...

• Publication date : 2011/02/07

CIAR 2022 in Lisbon – Call for abstracts ends October 1!

From May 4-6, 2022, the Portuguese capital of Lisbon will be the stage for the long-awaited event in the air conditioning sector; CIAR 2022 - XVI Ibero-American Congress of Air Conditioning and...

• Publication date : 2021/08/27
• Subjects: Technology

New EU funded project began on October 1st, 2021: “SophiA - Sustainable off-grid solutions for pharmacies and hospitals in Africa”

With a budget of 8 million euros over four years, SophiA will develop containerized solutions for hospitals using natural refrigerants, solar thermal and photovoltaics to enable more and more African people to...

• Publication date : 2021/10/21
• Subjects: Developing country, HFCs alternatives, Technology, Environment

Call for abstracts ends October 10: LNG2023, “Fuelling a Secure Energy Future”

LNG2023 is the largest and most significant global LNG industry conference and exhibition, occurring once every three years!

• Publication date : 2022/09/27
• Subjects: Technology, Environment

SophiA project: HKA Lab test progress

SophiA HKA (Karlsruhe University of Applied Sciences) Lab test is intended to provide a better understanding of the cooling system in in different climate zones.

• Publication date : 2023/10/27

ICR 2011 in Prague: a Resounding Success

The 23rd IIR International Congress of Refrigeration held in Prague, on August 21-26, 2011, was highly successful...

• Publication date : 2011/08/30

Ohrid 2015: Ammonia and CO2 refrigeration technologies at the forefront

In light of the intense debate on the F-Gas regulation, its implementation worldwide, as well as proposed amendments to the Montreal Protocol, the conference provided the ideal forum for the exchange of knowledge on ammonia and CO2 technologies.

• Publication date : 2015/04/21

Add the latest refrigeration publications to your bookshelf!

Check out the latest IIR publications including CO2 as a Refrigerant, Handbook on Indirect Refrigeration and Heat Pump Systems and the 1st IIR International Conference of Cryogenics and Refrigeration Technology (ICCRT 2016).

• Publication date : 2016/09/06

Hot off the press: Handbook on Indirect Refrigeration and Heat Pump Systems

Be the first to read the newly published IIR Handbook on Indirect Refrigeration and Heat Pump Systems.

• Publication date : 2015/08/05

What role does social media play in today’s refrigeration industry?

Today, social media has become an important tool of daily life for many across the globe in diverse fields and sectors. Learn how to reap the benefits of social media in your expertise.

• Publication date : 2016/04/13

What do refrigeration, air conditioning and social media have in common? A lot!

In 2014, an awareness raising social media campaign by Stephen Gill praising the too often overlooked virtues and benefits of refrigeration caused quite a stir, going viral.

• Publication date : 2015/07/21

COP 28: the annual conference on climate change puts refrigeration in the spotlight!

Refrigeration will be one of the priorities at the next United Nations Conference of the Parties on climate change. It will be held in Dubai from 30 November to 12 December 2023. 

• Publication date : 2023/11/24

Join us on Facebook!

Don't miss a thing in the field of refrigeration; The IIR is now on Facebook.

• Publication date : 2017/09/19

Now freely accessible: The IIR International Dictionary of Refrigeration

Now available in 11 languages, the complete version of the IIR International Dictionary of Refrigeration is freely accessible online!

• Publication date : 2018/01/31

The IIR and the ASHRAE establish new definitions of five keywords in the refrigeration sector

For over a year, a group of experts from the International Institute of Refrigeration (IIR) and the American Society of Heating, Refrigerating and Air Conditioning Engineers (ASHRAE) have been working together to establish common definitions of...

• Publication date : 2019/03/18

IIR Conference overview: 5th IIR Conference on Thermophysical Properties and Transfer Processes of Refrigerants - TPTPR2017

With over 150 participants from 12 countries, the 5th IIR Conference on Thermophysical Properties and Transfer Processes of Refrigerants featured 85 technical presentations, including six plenary keynote lectures.

• Publication date : 2017/05/24

Additive manufacturing of regenerators for caloric cooling

In many areas of engineering, additive manufacturing allows the production of complex and multifunctional products that could not be manufactured using traditional methods. In the...

• Last update : 2022/09/16
• Langues : French, English
• Themes : Caloric cooling (magnetocaloric, electrocaloric, elastocaloric and barocaloric cooling)

Nanorefrigerants

Nanorefrigerants are created by adding nanoparticles in suspension to a base refrigerant. They have a thermal conductivity that is 15% to 104% higher than that of the corresponding...

• Last update : 2022/06/17
• Langues : English, French
• Themes : Nanofluids

Additive manufacturing of heat exchangers

In the refrigeration industry, additive manufacturing (colloquially referred to as “3D printing”) makes it possible to fabricate novel, complex and potentially more energy efficient...

• Last update : 2022/09/07
• Langues : French, English
• Themes : Evaporators, condensers and other heat exchangers

Liquefied Natural Gas: production process and cold energy recovery

Liquefied natural gas (LNG) is natural gas that has been cooled to about -160 °C and turned into a liquid to facilitate transportation and storage. A typical LNG supply chain...

• Last update : 2023/06/23
• Langues : French, English
• Themes : LNG and LPG

Cryogenic nitrogen in the food and beverage industry

The adoption of cryogenic processes in the food and beverage industry is predominantly driven by liquid nitrogen (LIN), and it is the preferred candidate for food chilling and...

• Last update : 2023/11/07
• Langues : French, English
• Themes : Freezing of foodstuffs

Cold storage conditions for fruits and vegetables

Practical recommendations for the cold storage of over 200 cultivars of fruits, vegetables and herbs (storage temperatures, relative humidity, storage time, controlled atmosphere...

• Last update : 2023/01/16
• Langues : French, English
• Themes : Fruit, Vegetables

Hydrocarbon refrigerants

Hydrocarbons such as R290 (propane), R600a (isobutane) or R1270 (propene/propylene) are low GWP non-toxic natural refrigerants with excellent thermodynamic properties. They offer an...

• Last update : 2022/06/22
• Langues : French, English
• Themes : Hydrocarbons, Containment, refrigerant charge reduction

Thermophysical properties of HFC refrigerants

Thermophysical properties of over 100 HFC refrigerants, including single-component and blends.

• Last update : 2022/06/17
• Langues : English
• Themes : HFCs, HFO et HCFO, Blends

Thermophysical properties of HFO refrigerants

Thermophysical properties of over 50 HFO refrigerants, including single-component and blends.

• Last update : 2022/06/17
• Langues : English
• Themes : HFO et HCFO, Blends

Thermophysical properties of hydrocarbon refrigerants

Thermophysical properties of over 20 hydrocarbon refrigerants, including single-component and blends.

• Last update : 2022/06/17
• Langues : English
• Themes : Hydrocarbons, Blends

Ice cream manufacturing, environmental impact and market data

From a physico-chemical point of view, ice cream is a complex, frozen multiphase mixture. The manufacturing process includes several stages of freezing which are described in this...

• Last update : 2023/06/30
• Langues : French, English
• Themes : Ice creams

Global warming potential (GWP) of HFC refrigerants

Using the latest updated data from UNEP’s RTOC 2022 report, we have compiled the 100-year GWP and 20-year GWP values of hydrofluorocarbon-based (HFC) refrigerants. Our table includes...

• Last update : 2023/09/15
• Langues : French, English
• Themes : HFCs

For IIR members only

Global cold storage capacity

This table presents the cold storage capacity in about 50 countries, based on data from the Global Cold Chain Alliance (GCCA).

• Last update : 2021/12/06
• Langues : English
• Themes : Refrigerated storage: economics and statistics