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Modeling and experimental validation of a tube-in-tube refrigerant cooled absorber.
IIR document
Entropy generation and sensitivity analysis of R134a flow condensation inside a helically coiled tube-in-tube heat exchanger.
Investigation on the performance of fluted tube-in-tube gas cooler in transcritical CO2 heat pump water heater.
100℃ Hot Water Supplied by CO2 Transcritical Heat Pump with Optimized Tube-in-tube Heat Exchanger
Comparative analysis of microfin vs smooth tubes in R32 and R410A boiling.
Experimental study of solid/liquid phase change of paraffin in 3D printed axially finned tubes obtained through topological optimization.
Recommended by the IIR / IIR document
Experimental study on the role of metal foams in a vertical PCM-based thermal energy storage tube.
A novel oscillatory thermal response test for deep U-tube borehole heat exchanger: In situ data.
R1234ze(e) as drop-in replacement for R134a in a micro-fin shell-and-tube evaporator: experimental tests and calculation model.
Experimental and calculated heat transfer of a micro-fin shell and tube evaporator: R513A as drop-in replacement for R134a.
Heat transfer modeling of PCM thermal storage at cryogenic temperatures.
Optical measurements of liquid film and waves during annular-flow condensation inside a channel.
Experimental Analysis of Flow Boiling in Horizontal Annulus—The Effect of Heat Flux on Bubble Size Distributions.
Transient model of a refrigerant-to-water helically coiled tube-in-tube heat exchanger with corrugated inner tube.
Condensation and pressure drop characteristics of R600a in a helical tube-in-tube heat exchanger at different inclination angles.
Refrigeration sector monitoring
191 results
GL2012 highlights: low-charge propane air-conditioning system using small section copper tubes
Propane air conditioner with smaller copper tubes and a smaller (and thus safer) refrigerant charge.
Food invention: frozen tea cubes
Iceland Food has expressed interest in a student prize-winning invention: frozen fruit tea cubes.
United States: October 2024 heating and cooling equipment shipment data
AHRI provides monthly data on heating and cooling equipment shipped by US manufacturers in the US market. The data provided covers the two months prior to the month of release....
Performance of R32 and R290 as alternatives to R22 and R410A in domestic air conditioning
According to the authors, regardless of the capacity difference, R290 could be considered as the most appropriate substitute in air conditioners with small finned tube heat exchangers
Vaccines: a step towards thermostability
Ensilication of the protein molecules of a vaccine against tuberculosis prevents its deterioration by heat.
CO2 technology for ice-skating rinks
Nowadays, the use of large amounts of ammonia in public places is restricted by regulations in several countries, for safety reasons. Hence, new skating rinks with direct ammonia systems can no longer be built, although it is thought that they...
Solar absorption air conditioning
When do you need air conditioning? When it is hot and sunny. This is why Broad Air Conditioning, China, one of the world's largest manufacturers of direct-fired absorption chillers, has been focusing on solar absorption air-conditioning systems...
CHEs in heat pumps
In its Annex 33, "Compact Heat Exchangers in Heat Pumping Equipment" issued in September 2010, the Heat Pump Programme details the benefits of using compact heat exchangers (CHEs): . Improved heat exchanger thermal effectiveness: thermal...
Cryogenics: A new cryocooler
A new cryocooler has been demonstrated at the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) that combines small-size, rapid cooling, low temperatures and high efficiency. It is a "pulse tube" design that uses oscillating helium gas to...
Underground river to cool the London tube
The "Cooling the Tube" competition in 2003, promising GBP 100 000 to those finding a workable solution to cool the Tube, received 3400 entries. Modern systems with large tunnels and surface lines can be cooled using air-cooling systems. However,...
Edible packaging: drink a beverage and eat the bottle too!
Prof. David A. Edwards has developed creations that include inhalable chocolate, inhalable caffeine, and a tuberculosis vaccine in the form of a spray.
Charge minimization in hydrocarbon systems
This paper was presented at the IIR Gustav Lorentzen Conference in Glasgow (Sep. 2004). It presents the results of the project to minimize charge in a R290 system that has 1-1.5 kW refrigeration capacity. Currently, there are many guidelines...
Green buildings: Expo 2010 in Shanghai, China
Expo 2010 in Shanghai, China is on, and is expected to draw 70 million visitors. With a theme of "Better City, Better Life", it aims to explore the full potential of urban life in the 21st century and how to create an eco-friendly society....
IIR Rankine Conference 2020: Which alternative working fluids for ORC systems?
HFOs (hydrofluoroolefins), HCFOs (hydrochlorofluoroolefins) and hydrocarbons were the main alternatives to HFC245fa presented during the IIR Rankine Conference 2020.
Briefs: Walking in space
Interested in spacesuits? Spacesuits have to protect the human body from the extreme conditions encountered in space where temperatures can range from 135°C in direct sunlight to -82°C in areas of shadow. Cooling during spacewalking is provided...
IIR news
65 results
CIAR 2022 in Lisbon – Call for abstracts ends October 1!
From May 4-6, 2022, the Portuguese capital of Lisbon will be the stage for the long-awaited event in the air conditioning sector; CIAR 2022 - XVI Ibero-American Congress of Air Conditioning and...
New EU funded project began on October 1st, 2021: “SophiA - Sustainable off-grid solutions for pharmacies and hospitals in Africa”
With a budget of 8 million euros over four years, SophiA will develop containerized solutions for hospitals using natural refrigerants, solar thermal and photovoltaics to enable more and more African people to...
Call for abstracts ends October 10: LNG2023, “Fuelling a Secure Energy Future”
LNG2023 is the largest and most significant global LNG industry conference and exhibition, occurring once every three years!
Member news: Ultra-low temperatures. NIST creates a more efficient pulse-tube refrigerator prototype
American researchers have created a prototype pulse-tube refrigerator that significantly reduces the time and energy required to reach temperatures close to absolute zero: an exciting advance for the quantum...
Walk-in cold rooms: webinar replay and slides now available
Thank you for taking part in our second webinar! You can now download the slides and watch the replay on the IIR YouTube channel. Furthermore, the overview guide is also available in...
SophiA project: HKA Lab test progress
SophiA HKA (Karlsruhe University of Applied Sciences) Lab test is intended to provide a better understanding of the cooling system in in different climate zones.
ICR 2011 in Prague: a Resounding Success
The 23rd IIR International Congress of Refrigeration held in Prague, on August 21-26, 2011, was highly successful...
Member news: Daikin introduces EWYS-4Z: High-Efficiency Cooling and Heating Solution for Industrial and Commercial Needs
The polyvalent EWYS-4Z cooling and heating unit, which runs on R513A, is designed for superior energy efficiency and reduced noise for industrial and commercial applications.
Add the latest refrigeration publications to your bookshelf!
Check out the latest IIR publications including CO2 as a Refrigerant, Handbook on Indirect Refrigeration and Heat Pump Systems and the 1st IIR International Conference of Cryogenics and Refrigeration Technology (ICCRT 2016).
Hot off the press: Handbook on Indirect Refrigeration and Heat Pump Systems
Be the first to read the newly published IIR Handbook on Indirect Refrigeration and Heat Pump Systems.
What role does social media play in today’s refrigeration industry?
Today, social media has become an important tool of daily life for many across the globe in diverse fields and sectors. Learn how to reap the benefits of social media in your expertise.
Past events: The IIR around the world, August and September 2024
A look back at the IIR’s latest events during conferences (Gustav Lorentzen, Thermag, Compressors) and during sponsored vents (CHPC).
What do refrigeration, air conditioning and social media have in common? A lot!
In 2014, an awareness raising social media campaign by Stephen Gill praising the too often overlooked virtues and benefits of refrigeration caused quite a stir, going viral.
Ohrid 2015: Ammonia and CO2 refrigeration technologies at the forefront
In light of the intense debate on the F-Gas regulation, its implementation worldwide, as well as proposed amendments to the Montreal Protocol, the conference provided the ideal forum for the exchange of knowledge on ammonia and CO2 technologies.
SophiA project nears completion: Installations underway in all four pilot countries
As the SophiA project approaches its final stages, all systems developed are now either fully installed or currently being deployed across the four pilot countries: Burkina Faso, Cameroon, Malawi, and Uganda. These innovative technologies aim...
Encyclopedia of Refrigeration
13 results
Nanorefrigerants
Nanorefrigerants are created by adding nanoparticles in suspension to a base refrigerant. They have a thermal conductivity that is 15% to 104% higher than that of the corresponding...
Additive manufacturing of heat exchangers
In the refrigeration industry, additive manufacturing (colloquially referred to as “3D printing”) makes it possible to fabricate novel, complex and potentially more energy efficient...
Additive manufacturing of regenerators for caloric cooling
In many areas of engineering, additive manufacturing allows the production of complex and multifunctional products that could not be manufactured using traditional methods. In the...
Liquefied Natural Gas: production process and cold energy recovery
Liquefied natural gas (LNG) is natural gas that has been cooled to about -160 °C and turned into a liquid to facilitate transportation and storage. A typical LNG supply chain...
Cryogenic nitrogen in the food and beverage industry
The adoption of cryogenic processes in the food and beverage industry is predominantly driven by liquid nitrogen (LIN), and it is the preferred candidate for food chilling and...
Cold storage conditions for fruits and vegetables
Practical recommendations for the cold storage of over 200 cultivars of fruits, vegetables and herbs (storage temperatures, relative humidity, storage time, controlled atmosphere...
Hydrocarbon refrigerants
Hydrocarbons such as R290 (propane), R600a (isobutane) or R1270 (propene/propylene) are low GWP non-toxic natural refrigerants with excellent thermodynamic properties. They offer an...
Thermophysical properties of HFC refrigerants
Thermophysical properties of over 100 HFC refrigerants, including single-component and blends.
Thermophysical properties of HFO refrigerants
Thermophysical properties of over 50 HFO refrigerants, including single-component and blends.
Thermophysical properties of hydrocarbon refrigerants
Thermophysical properties of over 20 hydrocarbon refrigerants, including single-component and blends.
Ice cream manufacturing, environmental impact and market data
From a physico-chemical point of view, ice cream is a complex, frozen multiphase mixture. The manufacturing process includes several stages of freezing which are described in this...
For IIR members only
Global cold storage capacity
This table presents the cold storage capacity in about 50 countries, based on data from the Global Cold Chain Alliance (GCCA).
Global warming potential (GWP) of HFC refrigerants
Using the latest updated data from UNEP’s RTOC 2022 report, we have compiled the 100-year GWP and 20-year GWP values of hydrofluorocarbon-based (HFC) refrigerants. Our table includes...
Events
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Other event
21st International Conference & Exhibition on Liquefied Natural Gas (LNG2026)
February 02, 2026 - February 05, 2026
Doha, Qatar
Register...
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