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IIR document
The repetitive freeze-thaw-in vivo and in vitro subculture method (RFTIVIVSCM) to indefinitely preserve human bone marrow and adipose tissue derived mesenchymat stromal cells (MSCs) for regenerative medicine.
Effect of DMSO-free cryopreservation on MSCS osteogenesis in 3D porous scaffolds.
Improved percutaneous CT fluoroscopy-guided cryoablation technique for osteoid osteoma: a report of two cases.
Heat-Sensitive Health Products, 30th Informatory Note on refrigeration technologies.
Performance comparison of La0.8Ce 0.2Fe11.47Mn0.23Si1.3H1.8 magnetic refrigerant prepared by two methods.
Improving specific power consumption of cryogenic air separation plants using waste heat of carbon capture power plants.
Own experience from the 22 Year lasting process of harmonization of the European Union safety and quality requirements for harvesting processing and distribution of human cells and tissues used for clinical transplantation.
Importance of controlled ice formation for efficient cell biobanking.
Qualitative and quantitative changes in the use of cryo-technology during the 70-year history of the tissue bank, university hospital Hradec Kralove
New recommendations for the quality and safety of tissues and cells for clinical application and its significance for the practice of tissue establishments performing cryopreservation.
Evaluation of contact resistance and fin effectiveness of enhanced, brazed “dogbone” fin and serpentine tube heat exchangers for air conditioning and heat pump applications.
Recommended by the IIR / IIR document
Increased qualitative and quantitative requirements put on haematopoietic cell establishments as the result of the COVID-19 pandemic – own experience.
Bone tumors: adjunctive cryosurgery.
CARBON DIOXIDE CHILLING OF HOT BONED MEAT.
AUTOMATIC PLATE FREEZING OF HOT-BONED MEATS. AN ALTERNATIVE TO POSTSLAUGHTER CHILLING.
Refrigeration sector monitoring
375 results
Net zero: some initiatives in the field of refrigeration
As part of the Race to Zero campaign launched by the UNFCCC, two initiatives on refrigeration have recently been promoted.
First zero carbon building in Hong Kong
In order to set an example, Hong-Kong’s Construction Industry Council commissioned its first Zero Carbon Building (ZCB). A ZCB goes beyond the common definition of zero energy buildings (ZEB) producing on-site renewable energy and exporting part...
Abolition of the carbon tax in Australia.
The Australian Government has abolished carbon tax, with effect from July 1, 2014.
Carbon capture on board LNG-fuelled ships
A project involving science and industry partners has received EU funding to accelerate the uptake of ship-based carbon capture on LNG-fuelled ships.
Repealing the Carbon Tax in Australia.
The Australian Government decided to abolish the carbon tax from 1 July 2014.
Cryogenic distillation: a promising technology for carbon capture
Cryogenic distillation is subject to intense R&D works for CO2 capture in CCS facilities. A plant using this technology is under construction in China.
CO2, one of the options for reducing the carbon footprint of refrigerated transport
Comparison of CO2 emissions from refrigerated transport units using R744 and HFC-134a and overview of solutions that could reduce the carbon footprint of this sector.
The high potential of ground-source heat pumps to decarbonise the European building sector
A potential reduction of 20-40% and 30-50% of energy demand in buildings, for heating and cooling respectively, could be achieved through increased use of geothermal heat pumps.
Latest IGU report: alarming gas-to-coal switching requires low-carbon solutions
The International Gas Union (IGU) assesses the global natural gas trade in 2020-21 in a report released in May 2022. The report also discusses the need for long-term alternatives to natural gas to reduce...
The benefits of 3D printing in refrigeration and air conditioning
The various applications of 3D printing in the field of refrigeration and air conditioning highlight possible tremendous advantages in terms of energy efficiency and cost minimisation.
Cryoablation benefits
Cryoablation involving freezing balloon technology is claimed to enable highly precise targeting of the tissues to be destroyed without damaging the surrounding tissues.
Cryotherapy benefits
- Insep, the French institute dealing with sport, expertise and performance (Institut national du sport, de l’expertise et de la performance) is using cryotherapy on a large scale. Athletes in bathing costumes don gloves, slippers and a...
Indoor climate: benefits
A study led by the Technical University of Denmark (DTU), tends to show that improved indoor climate also improves school results. According to the ICIEE (International Centre for Indoor Environment and Energy), three experiments in which...
Refrigerated display cabinets: a growing global market
A comprehensive global report on refrigerated display cabinets released by GIA predicts that the market will grow to over USD 5.34 billion by 2017.
New combined refrigerated transport operation in France
A dairy product company, Yéo frais, and Stef, a logistics company, are launching a combined rail/road refrigerated transport route.
IIR news
135 results
European Food Survey to decarbonise industrial operations
The ENOUGH project invites European food operators to complete a short survey on the advancements and potential for achieving the net-zero emissions target.
The OEWG 38: dedicated to the phase down of hydrofluorocarbons
The IIR reports back from the 38th Open-Ended Working Group meeting in Vienna
New IIR Informatory Note on the carbon footprint of the cold chain
The IIR has just issued a new Informatory Note on the carbon footprint of the cold chain. It highlights the food safety and environmental benefits of an improved global cold chain.
ENOUGH – a new project that will identify how food industry can become net zero by 2050
The project will develop technologies, tools and methods to contribute to the EU’s farm to fork Strategy to achieve climate neutrality in the food industry.
IIR Webinar – Domestic hydrocarbon heat pumps, key to a decarbonised future
As the world accelerates towards decarbonisation, heat pumps are emerging as a global solution for cleaner, more efficient residential cooling and heating.
The “Carbon reduction opportunities for the food chain” workshop at ICCC 2022
The workshop was focused on the solutions brought by the EU project ENOUGH to reduce emissions from the food sector as set by the EU farm to fork strategy. A panel discussion was also held during the event...
IIR members benefit from new services
Members of the IIR will soon have a new service available via the Web site of the IIR: a directory of research organizations comprising information on 200 laboratories (worldwide) specialized in one or more refrigeration fields, full details on...
Become an IIR member and receive free downloads from Fridoc!
Become an IIR member and download from Fridoc at no additional cost!
IIR International Conference on the Application of HFO Refrigerants – early bird rate closing soon!
The early bird rate for the 1st IIR International Conference on the Application of HFO Refrigerants is scheduled to end in a few days. Book today to secure a place at this breakthrough conference !
Obituary: Carole Bond
We were deeply saddened to learn that Carole Bond, a former pioneer of the IIR Working Group CaRe (Careers in Refrigeration), passed away last November.
Discover the 30th Informatory Note on Heat-Sensitive Health Products
In this Informatory Note, the IIR has defined the issues and challenges that need to be addressed in order to ensure that reliable cold chains, along the distribution chain of products essential to public health, are put in place.
IIR website: best downloads in 2022
Discover the three most popular IIR publications in 2022. The focus is on the economy, women in refrigeration, and the carbon footprint of the cold chain.
IIR publishes a new Technical Brief: Cooling technologies for sustainable data centres
Authored by leading IIR experts in energy and power engineering, this publication offers a comprehensive exploration of innovative cooling solutions designed to meet the escalating...
Available - New IIR publication: Technological options for retail refrigeration
Written by several experts from the acclaimed London South Bank University (UK), the International Institute of Refrigeration (IIR) is proud to present the “Technological options for retail refrigeration”.
Encyclopedia of Refrigeration
14 results
André Lebon
André Lebon (1859 – 1938). Membre fondateur de l’Association Internationale du Froid puis de l’Institut International du Froid
Hydrocarbon refrigerants
Hydrocarbons such as R290 (propane), R600a (isobutane) or R1270 (propene/propylene) are low GWP non-toxic natural refrigerants with excellent thermodynamic properties. They offer an...
Thermophysical properties of hydrocarbon refrigerants
Thermophysical properties of over 20 hydrocarbon refrigerants, including single-component and blends.
Ice cream manufacturing, environmental impact and market data
From a physico-chemical point of view, ice cream is a complex, frozen multiphase mixture. The manufacturing process includes several stages of freezing which are described in this...
Liquefied Natural Gas: production process and cold energy recovery
Liquefied natural gas (LNG) is natural gas that has been cooled to about -160 °C and turned into a liquid to facilitate transportation and storage. A typical LNG supply chain...
Environmental impact of the ice cream industry
This summary document describes the environmental impact of ice cream manufacturing, which is mainly due to the energy consumption and refrigerants used.
Global warming potential (GWP) of HFC refrigerants
Using the latest updated data from UNEP’s RTOC 2022 report, we have compiled the 100-year GWP and 20-year GWP values of hydrofluorocarbon-based (HFC) refrigerants. Our table includes...
Nanorefrigerants
Nanorefrigerants are created by adding nanoparticles in suspension to a base refrigerant. They have a thermal conductivity that is 15% to 104% higher than that of the corresponding...
Additive manufacturing of heat exchangers
In the refrigeration industry, additive manufacturing (colloquially referred to as “3D printing”) makes it possible to fabricate novel, complex and potentially more energy efficient...
Global HFC emissions from the refrigeration sector
This table shows HFC emissions from the refrigeration sector – including air conditioning – in million tonnes of CO2 equivalent for about 40 countries that are signatories...
Cryogenic nitrogen in the food and beverage industry
The adoption of cryogenic processes in the food and beverage industry is predominantly driven by liquid nitrogen (LIN), and it is the preferred candidate for food chilling and...
Thermophysical properties of HFC refrigerants
Thermophysical properties of over 100 HFC refrigerants, including single-component and blends.
Thermophysical properties of HFO refrigerants
Thermophysical properties of over 50 HFO refrigerants, including single-component and blends.
Cryogenics in the pharmaceutical industry: drug design and bioavailability improvement
Research activities in the pharmaceutical sector focus primarily on developing novel drug formulations which can elicit the desired response upon being administered to the patient...
Events
3 results
Other event
15th IEA Heat Pump Conference
May 26, 2026 - May 29, 2026
Vienna, Austria
Join the 15th IEA Heat Pump Conference, which will take place in Vienna, Austria,from May 26-29, 2026! The 15th IEA Heat Pump Conference, co-sponsored by IIR,...
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IIR event
Cooling Without Warming: Energy‑Efficient ACs and Heat Pumps
April 28, 2026
Paris, France
Register here
Data Centers at a Crossroads: Energy, Cooling, and Policy Challenges
May 12, 2026
Register...
