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IIR document
CAR-T therapy, the new and growing application of cryotechnology in medicine.
Comparison and evaluation of injector structures for air conditioning systems in electric cars.
Rychlostní pole v okolí vyústky pro odmrazování a odmlžování celního skla osobního automobilu.
Velocity field near air outlet for defrosting and defogging of a car windshield
Innovative architecture to valorize the waste heat of a passenger car through the use of a Rankine cycle.
Ventilation system design of an underground car park.
Enclosed car park ventilation – design, pitfalls and hybrid systems.
Recommended by the IIR
Energy efficient heating and air conditioning concept for city cars and microcars.
Recommended by the IIR / IIR document
Improvement of a railway car air conditioning unit by conversion to transcritical R744 technology.
Research and thermal comfort analysis of the air conditioning system of the Ferris wheel car based on thermoelectric cooling.
Automotive air conditioning. 49th Informatory Note on Refrigeration Technologies.
Compact LNG regasification plants and fueling stations.
Turbulence induced structures in exhaust gas recirculation coolers to enhance thermal performance.
Comparison of different cooling methods for lithium ion battery cells.
Effects of different adsorber bed designs on in-situ water uptake rate measurements of AQSOA FAM-Z02 for vehicle air conditioning applications.
The compatibility study of lower GWP refrigerant blends with lubricants and materials of the automotive AC system.
Refrigeration sector monitoring
1326 results
First car models using HFO-1234yf
During the recent Mobile Air Conditioning Society Worldwide convention and trade show in Las Vegas, USA, discussions focused on the vehicles will have the new HFO-1234yf refrigerant. It was revealed that one vehicle was already being sold with the...
Nearly 500,000 German cars use 1234yf
Despite some German opposition to the new car air conditioning refrigerant R1234yf, around 500,000 cars have already been registered in the country with this gas.
CO2-based car air conditioning more efficient?
The prototype of a car operating with a CO2-based air conditioning system is claimed to be operating more efficiently than current models running with R134a.
Air conditioning systems in passenger cars
Annual global fitment of air-conditioning units to light vehicles is projected to rise by more than a third from an estimated 57.1 million units in 2013 to 76.1 million by 2018.
Geothermal heat-pump under supermarket car park
Walmart’s new 12,540 m² prototype store in Burlington, ON, Canada is equipped with a geo-heat exchange heating and cooling system using 15 km of pipes under the store’s parking lot.
Automotive air conditioning: which refrigerant for electric cars?
Different alternatives exist today to replace R134a in automotive air conditioning systems. Update on possible solutions for electric cars.
The use of hydrocarbon refrigerants in Europe
The report "Impact of standards on hydrocarbon refrigerants in Europe" reviews the various uses of hydrocarbons in refrigeration, as well as the obstacles to their utilisation.
Europe hydrocarbon refrigerants market
Europe’s hydrocarbon refrigerants market was valued at USD 46.03 million in 2013 and is estimated to reach USD 62.43 million by 2019.
Solar panels on car’s roof to power the air conditioning system
Audi recently signed a Memorandum of Understanding (MoU) with the US solar cells specialist Alta. They plan to work together to integrate photovoltaic cells into the panoramic glass roofs of Audi models.
Cool Carrier
At the end of October of this year Carrier Transicold introduced Deltek㤠hybrid diesel electric technology to the North American refrigerated transport industry offering more reliable, easier maintained transport refrigeration systems at the...
At the end of October of this year Carrier Transicold introduced Deltek hybrid diesel electric technology to the North American refrigerated transport industry offering more reliable, easier maintained transport refrigeration systems at the lowest...
Expanding market for hydrocarbon compressors
Several compressor makers are introducing new models operating with hydrocarbon refrigerants. For example ComStar International Inc., will offer compressors with the newly approved R-441A (HCR 188C), patented blend of ethane, propane, butane and...
Carbon Expo 2005
Climate change is one of the main challenges facing humanity. The creation of market-based mechanisms and a global market in greenhouse gas reductions is a significant instrument to address this challenge. One part of the global carbon market has...
CO2 supermarkets: CAREL
CAREL and the French hypermarket chain Carrefour have joined forces to develop the first subcritical CO2 plant in a supermarket in Turkey. The Istanbul installation uses a cascade system that supplies the low-temperature units with R744. To...
The hydrocarbon market in the Asia Pacific
The hydrocarbon market in the Asia Pacific will reach USD 128.5 million in 2018, according to a new market report by MicroMarket Monitor.
IIR news
575 results
IIR Webinar – Domestic hydrocarbon heat pumps, key to a decarbonised future
As the world accelerates towards decarbonisation, heat pumps are emerging as a global solution for cleaner, more efficient residential cooling and heating.
New IIR Working Group on Careers in Refrigeration “CaRe”
The IIR is delighted to announce the new IIR Working Group on Careers in Refrigeration “CaRe”, chaired by Dr Catarina Marques.
The activities of CaRe, the IIR working group on careers in refrigeration
CaRe, the new IIR working group dedicated to promoting careers in refrigeration to the younger generation and particularly women, has organised two events at the ICCC2018 conference in Beijing.
Call for candidates for the Presidency and Governance of the IIR’s Careers in Refrigeration (CaRe) working group
The IIR’s CaRe (Careers in Refrigeration) working group is seeking a new President, Vice-Presidents and a Secretary to undertake activities until the next ICR2027 in South Korea.
Strengthening Cooperation between the Chinese Association of Refrigeration and the IIR: Training Lecture by Prof. Xianting Li
During the 2025 Academic Conference of the Chinese Association of Refrigeration (CAR), Prof. Xianting Li, Vice President of the Science and Technology Council and President of Section E of the...
Press release: The International Institute of Refrigeration Creates a New Working Group on Careers in Refrigeration
The International Institute of Refrigeration (IIR) is delighted to announce its new Working Group on Careers in Refrigeration “CaRe”, chaired by Dr Catarina Marques.
Discover the New Governance of CaRe
During the latest IIR statutory meetings, the governance of the working group on careers in refrigeration (CaRe) was approved.
Obituary: Carole Bond
We were deeply saddened to learn that Carole Bond, a former pioneer of the IIR Working Group CaRe (Careers in Refrigeration), passed away last November.
News from IIR members: Carrier Transicold
Carrier Transicold has received the John Connell Enterprise in Quiet Transport Award 2011 presented by the Noise Abatement Society. The award comes as recognition of breakthroughs embodied in its quiet Vector TM 1550 City refrigeration unit.
IIR member news: Carrier Transicold
Carrier Transicold, major transport refrigeration company, will offer R452A as an optional alternative to R404A.
Carrier Transicold celebrates 45 years of container refrigeration production as it prepares to build one-millionth unit.
News from IIR members: Carrier is 110!
This year marks the 110th anniversary of the invention of modern air conditioning by Willis H. Carrier on July 17, 1902.
Quest II: container refrigeration with 65% less CO2 emission.
Member news: Carrier launches a high-temperature heat pump with R290
Carrier introduces its first high-temperature air source heat pump designed for commercial applications, using R290 to enhance efficiency.
News from IIR members: Carrier CO2NSERVATION meter
The Carrier CO2NSERVATION meter calculates avoided greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions as a result of the installation of high efficiency Carrier air-conditioning, heating and refrigeration systems by customers around the world since 2000. Buildings in...
Encyclopedia of Refrigeration
16 results
Thermophysical properties of hydrocarbon refrigerants
Thermophysical properties of over 20 hydrocarbon refrigerants, including single-component and blends.
Hydrocarbon refrigerants
Hydrocarbons such as R290 (propane), R600a (isobutane) or R1270 (propene/propylene) are low GWP non-toxic natural refrigerants with excellent thermodynamic properties. They offer an...
Additive manufacturing of regenerators for caloric cooling
In many areas of engineering, additive manufacturing allows the production of complex and multifunctional products that could not be manufactured using traditional methods. In the...
Cryogenics in the pharmaceutical industry: drug design and bioavailability improvement
Research activities in the pharmaceutical sector focus primarily on developing novel drug formulations which can elicit the desired response upon being administered to the patient...
For IIR members only
Global cold storage capacity
This table presents the cold storage capacity in about 50 countries, based on data from the Global Cold Chain Alliance (GCCA).
Thermophysical properties of HFC refrigerants
Thermophysical properties of over 100 HFC refrigerants, including single-component and blends.
Thermophysical properties of HFO refrigerants
Thermophysical properties of over 50 HFO refrigerants, including single-component and blends.
Liquefied Natural Gas: production process and cold energy recovery
Liquefied natural gas (LNG) is natural gas that has been cooled to about -160 °C and turned into a liquid to facilitate transportation and storage. A typical LNG supply chain...
Global warming potential (GWP) of HFC refrigerants
Using the latest updated data from UNEP’s RTOC 2022 report, we have compiled the 100-year GWP and 20-year GWP values of hydrofluorocarbon-based (HFC) refrigerants. Our table includes...
Additive manufacturing of heat exchangers
In the refrigeration industry, additive manufacturing (colloquially referred to as “3D printing”) makes it possible to fabricate novel, complex and potentially more energy efficient...
Cryogenic nitrogen in the food and beverage industry
The adoption of cryogenic processes in the food and beverage industry is predominantly driven by liquid nitrogen (LIN), and it is the preferred candidate for food chilling and...
Ice cream manufacturing, environmental impact and market data
From a physico-chemical point of view, ice cream is a complex, frozen multiphase mixture. The manufacturing process includes several stages of freezing which are described in this...
Cold storage conditions for fruits and vegetables
Practical recommendations for the cold storage of over 200 cultivars of fruits, vegetables and herbs (storage temperatures, relative humidity, storage time, controlled atmosphere...
Nanorefrigerants
Nanorefrigerants are created by adding nanoparticles in suspension to a base refrigerant. They have a thermal conductivity that is 15% to 104% higher than that of the corresponding...
Environmental impact of the ice cream industry
This summary document describes the environmental impact of ice cream manufacturing, which is mainly due to the energy consumption and refrigerants used.
Events
8 results
IIR event
Data Centers at a Crossroads: Energy, Cooling, and Policy Challenges
May 12, 2026
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Other event
15th IEA Heat Pump Conference
May 26, 2026 - May 29, 2026
Vienna, Austria
Join the 15th IEA Heat Pump Conference, which will take place in Vienna, Austria,from May 26-29, 2026! The 15th IEA Heat Pump Conference, co-sponsored by IIR,...
Cooling Without Warming: Energy‑Efficient ACs and Heat Pumps
April 28, 2026
Paris, France
Register here
15th International Conference on Compressors and their Systems
September 13, 2027 - September 15, 2027
London, United Kingdom
On September 13-15, 2027, the 15th International Conference on Compressors and their Systems of City University of London will provide a forum for debate on developments in air, gas and refrigeration...
17th IIR-Gustav Lorentzen Conference on Natural Refrigerants (GL 2026)
August 23, 2026 - August 26, 2026
Hamilton, New Zealand
Submit your abstract! With the increasing need for global warming countermeasures, natural working fluids have become a clear vector to reducing the CO2 footprint of...
15th IIR Conference on Phase-Change Materials and Slurries for Refrigeration and Air Conditioning
September 16, 2026 - September 18, 2026
Xi'an, China
Currently accepting full papers! The 15th IIR Conference on Phase-Change Materials and Slurries for...
11th IIR Conference on Solid-State Cooling, Heating and Energy Harvesting
June 07, 2026 - June 11, 2026
Ljubljana, Slovenia
Submit your full paper now! The 11th IIR Conference on Solid-State Cooling, Heating and Energy Harvesting (Thermag 2026), to be...
19th IIR Conference on Cryogenics
April 26, 2027 - April 30, 2027
Dresden, Germany
The 19th CRYOGENICS 2027 continues in the series of conferences held every two years. The conference will deal with new challenges of the equipment and technologies with temperatures below 120 K (-153°C), as well as with other...
