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IIR document
Using thermal modelling to design food packaging that can withstand extreme temperatures in cold chain.
Eficacia de un envase de cartón activo antimicrobiano en la conservación refrigerada de pimiento fresco a granel.
Efficacy of an antimicrobial active cardboard crate for refrigerated conservation of fresh pepper.
Envase de cartón antimicrobiano para reducir la podredumbre del tomate fresco envasado a granel y conservado en refrigeración.
Antimicrobial active cardboard crate to reduce the rottenness in fresh tomato stored in refrigeration.
The practical storage life of Australian frozen boxed beef and lamb.
Active cardboard box with smart internal lining based on encapsulated essential oils for enhancing the shelf life of refrigerated fresh nectarines.
Experimental study of air cargo temperature variations and its impact on mango quality.
Investigating the suitability of a heat pump water-heater as a method to reduce agricultural emissions in dairy farms
En route du laboratoire pharmaceutique vers un établissement de soins.
The journey from the pharmaceutical laboratory to a care facility.
Effects of different internal and external packaging on precooling rate and cold chain quality of green bell pepper.
Experimental study on effects of packing arrangement and plastic liner bag on freezing rates of bulk packed chicken drumsticks.
Temperature uniformity and air flow distribution in a 40ft reefer container.
Effect of different retailing and home preservation methods on quality of strawberry after forced-air cooling and low temperature transportation.
Design of carton air blast freezing systems.
Freezing of mackerel in carton boxes: heat flow and freezing time.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE DESIGN AND OPERATION OF CARTON AIR-BLAST FREEZERS.
Refrigeration sector monitoring
167 results
Tetra Pak works on smart milk cartons
Tetra Pak is developing a smart carton that will alert consumers when milk is past its best consumption.
Metro is extending RFID to cases and cartons
German retailer Metro is planning to start applying radio frequency identification (RFID) tags, with improved performance and capability, to cartons and cases in the fourth quarter of 2005. Metro and its industry partners, including Kraft Foods,...
Carbon Expo 2005
Climate change is one of the main challenges facing humanity. The creation of market-based mechanisms and a global market in greenhouse gas reductions is a significant instrument to address this challenge. One part of the global carbon market has...
Expanding market for hydrocarbon compressors
Several compressor makers are introducing new models operating with hydrocarbon refrigerants. For example ComStar International Inc., will offer compressors with the newly approved R-441A (HCR 188C), patented blend of ethane, propane, butane and...
First zero carbon building in Hong Kong
In order to set an example, Hong-Kong’s Construction Industry Council commissioned its first Zero Carbon Building (ZCB). A ZCB goes beyond the common definition of zero energy buildings (ZEB) producing on-site renewable energy and exporting part...
Carbon capture on board LNG-fuelled ships
A project involving science and industry partners has received EU funding to accelerate the uptake of ship-based carbon capture on LNG-fuelled ships.
Charge minimization in hydrocarbon systems
This paper was presented at the IIR Gustav Lorentzen Conference in Glasgow (Sep. 2004). It presents the results of the project to minimize charge in a R290 system that has 1-1.5 kW refrigeration capacity. Currently, there are many guidelines...
Repealing the Carbon Tax in Australia.
The Australian Government decided to abolish the carbon tax from 1 July 2014.
Abolition of the carbon tax in Australia.
The Australian Government has abolished carbon tax, with effect from July 1, 2014.
Shenzhen: China's first pilot city for hydrocarbon air conditioning
The city of Shenzhen is a pioneering the commercial application of hydrocarbon refrigerants to replace HCFCs in air conditioning.
China evaluates the real risks of hydrocarbons
According to JARN, China intends to switch half its production of split air conditioners to propane in order to meet the objectives of the HCFC Phase-Out Management Plan by 2015.This involved identifying potential leakage points and using...
ICR2011 highlights: carbon capture and storage (CCS) perspectives
During ICR2011, a complete session was devoted to carbon capture and storage (CCS). Berstad et al.(1) stressed that according to IEA, out of the targeted global annual CO2 emissions reductions – 50% by 2050 compared to 2005 levels –, CO2 CCS from...
High efficiency, low carbon supermarket refrigeration
This paper was presented at the IIR Gustav Lorentzen Conference in Glasgow (Sep. 2004). A new but simple high efficiency refrigeration system design suitable for use in supermarkets has been developed based on standard components so that...
Carbon dioxide snow to clean spatial telescope
An interesting method to keep the Webb Space Telescope mirror, seven times larger than Hubble, spotless.
Australia to set up a carbon price for HFCs
In September 2011, the Australian Government introduced to the Parliament a set of Bills that aim to cut emissions of greenhouse gases by 159 million tonnes CO2 eq. a year. Included are bills that will introduce a carbon charge on imports of...
IIR news
40 results
IIR Webinar – Domestic hydrocarbon heat pumps, key to a decarbonised future
As the world accelerates towards decarbonisation, heat pumps are emerging as a global solution for cleaner, more efficient residential cooling and heating.
European Food Survey to decarbonise industrial operations
The ENOUGH project invites European food operators to complete a short survey on the advancements and potential for achieving the net-zero emissions target.
New IIR Informatory Note on the carbon footprint of the cold chain
The IIR has just issued a new Informatory Note on the carbon footprint of the cold chain. It highlights the food safety and environmental benefits of an improved global cold chain.
The OEWG 38: dedicated to the phase down of hydrofluorocarbons
The IIR reports back from the 38th Open-Ended Working Group meeting in Vienna
The “Carbon reduction opportunities for the food chain” workshop at ICCC 2022
The workshop was focused on the solutions brought by the EU project ENOUGH to reduce emissions from the food sector as set by the EU farm to fork strategy. A panel discussion was also held during the event...
INDEE+: Focus on the two-day workshop “Hotel Decarbonisation using R744 Heat Pump/chiller” organised in April
A two-day workshop titled “Hotel Decarbonisation using R744 Heat Pump/chiller” was organised on 26-27 April 2024 at Antarim Resorts, Goa. The technical session was followed by a demonstration of the R744 HP/C...
J&E Hall International Gold Medal awarded to Pr. Judith Evans for her exceptional contribution to energy and carbon reduction in the food cold chain
Professor Judith Evans, UK delegate to IIR and president of IIR section C, is this year’s recipient of the prestigious J&E Hall International Gold Medal.
ENOUGH – a new project that will identify how food industry can become net zero by 2050
The project will develop technologies, tools and methods to contribute to the EU’s farm to fork Strategy to achieve climate neutrality in the food industry.
IIR publishes a new Technical Brief: Domestic heat pumps using hydrocarbons - Current status and market overview in Europe
At a time when the energy transition is at the top of the global agenda, the IIR is publishing a new Technical Brief on domestic hydrocarbon heat pumps. This strategic document...
IIR website: best downloads in 2022
Discover the three most popular IIR publications in 2022. The focus is on the economy, women in refrigeration, and the carbon footprint of the cold chain.
New IIR members
The IIR welcomes the following new members: - Corporate member Australian Gas Industry Trust AGIT, Barton ACT, Australia - Private members Mr Maarten Croes, France Mr Parviz Tavakolly, Iran - Junior members Mr Marino Grozdek,...
Brief: Dr Peter Egolf
Dr Peter Egolf, President of the IIR's Working Party on Magnetic Refrigeration, and his team at the Institut de Génie Thermique de l'Ecole d'ingénieurs du Canton de Vaud has won the Prix Spécial Energie awarded by the Office Fédéral de l'Energie...
HKA/OST Summer School: Looking for sponsors
Two partners of the SophiA project wil be organising an International Summer School on Sustainability at OST in Switzerland.
IIR member news: AFF
The French Association of Refrigeration (AFF) recently published an online study evaluating current availability of training for CO2, ammonia and hydrocarbon refrigerants, as well as needs assessment.
Encyclopedia of Refrigeration
9 results
Hydrocarbon refrigerants
Hydrocarbons such as R290 (propane), R600a (isobutane) or R1270 (propene/propylene) are low GWP non-toxic natural refrigerants with excellent thermodynamic properties. They offer an...
Thermophysical properties of hydrocarbon refrigerants
Thermophysical properties of over 20 hydrocarbon refrigerants, including single-component and blends.
Global warming potential (GWP) of HFC refrigerants
Using the latest updated data from UNEP’s RTOC 2022 report, we have compiled the 100-year GWP and 20-year GWP values of hydrofluorocarbon-based (HFC) refrigerants. Our table includes...
Liquefied Natural Gas: production process and cold energy recovery
Liquefied natural gas (LNG) is natural gas that has been cooled to about -160 °C and turned into a liquid to facilitate transportation and storage. A typical LNG supply chain...
Nanorefrigerants
Nanorefrigerants are created by adding nanoparticles in suspension to a base refrigerant. They have a thermal conductivity that is 15% to 104% higher than that of the corresponding...
Cryogenic nitrogen in the food and beverage industry
The adoption of cryogenic processes in the food and beverage industry is predominantly driven by liquid nitrogen (LIN), and it is the preferred candidate for food chilling and...
Environmental impact of the ice cream industry
This summary document describes the environmental impact of ice cream manufacturing, which is mainly due to the energy consumption and refrigerants used.
Ice cream manufacturing, environmental impact and market data
From a physico-chemical point of view, ice cream is a complex, frozen multiphase mixture. The manufacturing process includes several stages of freezing which are described in this...
Additive manufacturing of heat exchangers
In the refrigeration industry, additive manufacturing (colloquially referred to as “3D printing”) makes it possible to fabricate novel, complex and potentially more energy efficient...
Events
5 results
Other event
15th IEA Heat Pump Conference
May 26, 2026 - May 29, 2026
Vienna, Austria
Join the 15th IEA Heat Pump Conference, which will take place in Vienna, Austria,from May 26-29, 2026! The 15th IEA Heat Pump Conference, co-sponsored by IIR,...
Find out more
IIR event
Data Centers at a Crossroads: Energy, Cooling, and Policy Challenges
May 12, 2026
Register...
15th International Conference on Compressors and their Systems
September 13, 2027 - September 15, 2027
London, United Kingdom
On September 13-15, 2027, the 15th International Conference on Compressors and their Systems of City University of London will provide a forum for debate on developments in air, gas and refrigeration...
17th IIR-Gustav Lorentzen Conference on Natural Refrigerants (GL 2026)
August 23, 2026 - August 26, 2026
Hamilton, New Zealand
Submit your abstract! With the increasing need for global warming countermeasures, natural working fluids have become a clear vector to reducing the CO2 footprint of...
Cooling Without Warming: Energy‑Efficient ACs and Heat Pumps
April 28, 2026
Paris, France
Register here
