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The cook chill process for food safety.

• Author(s) : GANJAWALLA H.
• Publication date: 2016/07
• Languages : English
• Keywords : Generality, Feeding, Safety, Household refrigerator, Microbiological quality, Cooked food, Preservation
• Source: Air Conditioning and Refrigeration Journal, Cold Chain - vol. 7 - n. 4
• Formats : PDF

Using a new solar sterilizer for surgical instruments as a solar oven for cooking.

• Author(s) : GONZÁLEZ MORA E., RINCÓN MEJÍA E. A., MORENO LAWRENCE D.
• Publication date: 2016/05/03
• Languages : English
• Keywords : Surgery, Sterilization, Oven, Expérimentation, Solar energy, Cooking
• Source: CYTEF 2016. VIII Congreso Ibérico y VI Congreso Iberoamericano de las Ciencias y Técnicas del Frío, Coimbra-Portugal, 3-6 mayo, 2016.
• Formats : PDF

Solar cooking with heat storage: figures of merits for solar cookers using PCM.

• Author(s) : LECUONA-NEUMANN A., NOGUEIRA-GORIBA J. I., VENTAS-GARZÓN R.
• Publication date: 2016/05/03
• Languages : English
• Keywords : Performance, PCM, Solar energy, Cooking, Thermal energy storage
• Source: CYTEF 2016. VIII Congreso Ibérico y VI Congreso Iberoamericano de las Ciencias y Técnicas del Frío, Coimbra-Portugal, 3-6 mayo, 2016.
• Formats : PDF

Cocción microbiológicamente segura de carne en horno solar y su análisis sensorial.

Microbiologically safe cooking meat in a solar furnace and its sensory analysis.

• Author(s) : BAILEY J., ESTEVES A., RAIMONDO E.
• Publication date: 2016/05/03
• Languages : Spanish
• Keywords : Sensory analysis, Microbiology, Meat, Escherichia, Solar energy, Cooking
• Source: CYTEF 2016. VIII Congreso Ibérico y VI Congreso Iberoamericano de las Ciencias y Técnicas del Frío, Coimbra-Portugal, 3-6 mayo, 2016.
• Formats : PDF

Probabilistic evaluation of Clostridium perfringens potential growth in order to validate a cooling process of cooked dishes in catering.

• Author(s) : POUMEYROL G., MORELLI E., ROSSET P., et al.
• Publication date: 2014/01
• Languages : English
• Keywords : Safety, Clostridium, Microbiology, Catering, Cooling, Cooked food, Process, Growth
• Source: Food Control The International Journal of HACCP and Food Safety - vol. 35 - n. 1

IIR document

Investigating the ice crystal morphology in frozen cooked rice based on size, fractal dimension and ANN modeling.

• Author(s) : KONO S., TOBARI Y., ARAKI T., et al.
• Publication date: 2017/12
• Languages : English
• Keywords : Ice, Rice, Artificial neural network, Cooked food, Frozen food, Modelling, Crystal
• Source: International Journal of Refrigeration - Revue Internationale du Froid - vol. 84
• Formats : PDF

Impacto en la seguridad de la variabilidad de la cadena de frío del jamón cocido a través de un análisis de sensibilidad.

Impact of cooked ham cold chain variability on safety by sensitivity analysis.

• Author(s) : DURET S., HOANG H. M., FLICK D., et al.
• Publication date: 2014/06
• Languages : Spanish
• Keywords : Sensory analysis, Safety, Cold chain, Microbiology, Time-temperature tolerance, Quality, Cooked food, Modelling, Ham, Pork product
• Source: Frío Calor Aire acondicionado - vol. 42 - n. 470
• Formats : PDF

Effect of nutmeg (Myristica fragrans) essential oil on the oxidative and microbial stability of cooked sausage during refrigerated storage.

• Author(s) : ŠOJIC B., TOMOVIC V., KOCIC-TANACKOV S., et al.
• Publication date: 2015/08
• Languages : English
• Keywords : Oxidation, Microbiology, Lipid, Sausage, Cooked food, Edible oil, Cold storage
• Source: Food Control The International Journal of HACCP and Food Safety - vol. 54

IIR document

ANN modeling for optimum storage condition based on viscoelastic characteristics and sensory evaluation of frozen cooked rice.

• Author(s) : KONO S., KAWAMURA I., ARAKI T., et al.
• Publication date: 2016/05
• Languages : English
• Keywords : Viscosity, Rice, Artificial neural network, Cooked food, Frozen food, Optimization, Modelling, Storage condition
• Source: International Journal of Refrigeration - Revue Internationale du Froid - vol. 65
• Formats : PDF

IIR document

Effect of phosphate and bicarbonate replacers on quality changes of raw and cooked pacific white shrimp as influenced by the repeated freeze-thawing.

• Author(s) : KINGWASCHARAPONG P., BENJAKUL S.
• Publication date: 2016/07
• Languages : English
• Keywords : Raw food, Shrimp, Carbonate, Quality, Cooked food, Phosphate, Freezing-thawing
• Source: International Journal of Refrigeration - Revue Internationale du Froid - vol. 67
• Formats : PDF

The effect of high pressure on the microbiological quality and other characteristics of cooked sausages packed in a modified atmosphere or vacuum.

• Author(s) : KAMENÍK J., SALÁKOVÁ A., HULANKOVA R., et al.
• Publication date: 2015/11
• Languages : English
• Keywords : Modified atmosphere, Vacuum, Meat, Microbiological quality, Sausage, Cooked food, High pressure, Storage life
• Source: Food Control The International Journal of HACCP and Food Safety - vol. 57

Utilização e disseminação da cozinha solar.

The solar cooking use and dissemination.

• Author(s) : RUIVO C. R.
• Publication date: 2016/05/03
• Languages : Portuguese
• Source: CYTEF 2016. VIII Congreso Ibérico y VI Congreso Iberoamericano de las Ciencias y Técnicas del Frío, Coimbra-Portugal, 3-6 mayo, 2016.
• Formats : PDF

IIR document

Changes in the content of low molecular weight carbohydrates in frozen immature bean seeds depending on type and method of processing prior to freezing.

• Author(s) : SLUPSKI J., KORUS A.
• Publication date: 2014/07
• Languages : English
• Keywords : Postharvest treatment, Glucide, Bean, Cooking, Freezing
• Source: International Journal of Refrigeration - Revue Internationale du Froid - vol. 43
• Formats : PDF

Recommended by the IIR / IIR document

Optimization of radio frequency assisted freezing and its effects during cooking.

• Author(s) : ANESE M., ALONGI M., CORTELLA G., MANZOCCO L.
• Publication date: 2020/08/26
• Languages : English
• Source: 6^th IIR International Conference on Sustainability and the Cold Chain. Proceedings: Nantes, France, August 26-28 2020
• Formats : PDF

Investigación en comportamiento térmico de cocinas solares en el sur de la península ibérica 2020-2022.

Research on the thermal behaviour of solar cookers in the south of the Iberian Peninsula 2020-2022.

• Author(s) : CARRILLO-ANDRÉS A., APAOLAZA-PAGOAGA X., RODRIGUES RUIVO C.
• Publication date: 2022/04
• Languages : Spanish
• Keywords : Solar energy, Cooking, Expérimentation, Case study, Spain
• Source: XI Congreso Ibérico y IX Congreso Iberoamericano de Ciencias y Técnicas del Frío, CYTEF 2022.
• Formats : PDF

District cooling: Copenhagen, home of the largest absorption chiller cooling

A recent report by the City of Copenhagen, home of the largest absorption chiller cooling, network gives a glimpse of its district cooling system which uses seawater and surplus heat from the district heating network (through absorption cooling...

• Publication date : 2013/03/18

New solar-cooling technology for cooling-freezing

Refrigeration is often based on compressor technology which consumes electricity. A recently developed system making it possible to achieve relatively low temperatures solely using solar energy has been designed by PROMES, a laboratory working...

• Publication date : 2007/05/04

Europe: renewable cooling could provide close to 100% of cooling demand

A recent study performed by the German Öko-Institut e.V. on behalf of NL Agency of the Netherlands and funded by the Dutch government, claims that at least 50% of the cooling demand in Europe could be covered by renewable energy applications by 2050.

• Publication date : 2012/09/10

The cooling industry awards 2004: celebrating excellence in environmentally friendlier cooling

The very first Cooling Industry Awards was organized by Refrigeration and Air Conditioning (RAC) magazine on September 15, 2004. It proved to be a success as nearly 400 RAC professionals from across the industry and major end-users were present....

• Publication date : 2004/11/19

New magnetic nanocooling technology decreases the environmental impact of cooling and avoids side effects of magnetic fields on electronics

Researchers from the University of Cambridge, UK, and CICnanoGUNE in Spain have developed new cooling technology for the thermal management of computer chips and other miniaturized devices. It utilizes materials that change temperature when...

• Publication date : 2013/08/19

Mine cooling

Cooling the world's deepest single-shaft mine: cooling Anglogold Mponeng gold mine in Gauteng, South Africa, is a challenge - the mine is 3.68 km deep and without cooling, temperatures can reach 60°C at the mine face. Six 3.5 MW Eco-Vim...

• Publication date : 2006/01/28

Nano-cooling

A reversible air-cooling and dehumidification system operating without refrigerant gases developed by Dais Analytic and undergoing beta testing is projected to reduce energy use and CO2 emissions by over 50%, to have Seasonal Energy Efficiency...

• Publication date : 2011/07/01

Data centre cooling

Data processing environments were estimated in 2006 to consume about 1.5% of the total electricity in the US. Data centre power consumption has roughly doubled in the last 5 years and is expected to double again in the next 5 years to more than...

• Publication date : 2009/02/25

Australia’s solar cooling potential

Stephen White, Chair of ausSCIG, predicts that more and more innovative solutions will be developed in the solar cooling field in Australia.

• Publication date : 2012/07/02

Efficient mine cooling

Bluhm Burton Engineering (BBE) is currently implementing energy management ventilation and refrigeration systems for mines to reduce overall and to manage energy consumption. BBE's Director, Raymond Funnell, has underscored that there is a boom in...

• Publication date : 2008/05/13

Brief: cooling newborns

A recent study demonstrated that cooling newborns having suffered from oxygen deprivation helps prevent brain damage. Medically induced hypothermia reduced the risk of death by 13% and the risk of cerebral palsy by 11%.

• Publication date : 2006/01/28

PZT: electric cooling

A new material has been developed by a team of Cambridge scientists that turns cold at the press of a button. They have found a ceramic material that has a giant electrocaloric effect; 100 times larger than that seen in the 1960s when this...

• Publication date : 2006/05/05

Supercooling the LHC

CERN's Large Hadron Collider (LHC) is the new research instrument of the world's elementary particle physics community. This discovery-making machine will explore the structure of matter and basic forces of nature on a scale never attained before....

• Publication date : 2007/02/12

ICR2011 highlights: cooling particle detectors

Cooling systems for particle detectors attracted interest at the IIR’s Congress in Prague in August 2011. These highly specific applications have very strict requirements compared with standard cooling systems: refrigerants should be resistant to...

• Publication date : 2012/02/21

Heating and cooling ceilings

The upcoming translation of European Directive 2002/91/EC on improving energy efficiency in buildings into EU national legislation in January 2006 calls for a clear improvement in the energy efficiency of cooling and heating systems. In view of...

• Publication date : 2005/10/26

Cooling Keeps Food Fresh : Global Campaign Announced for World Refrigeration Day, June 26

Since 2019, June 26 celebrates the World Refrigeration Day. With increasing global stakes at hand over the past years, refrigeration took a leading role at the heart of international...

• Publication date : 2022/05/25
• Subjects: Environment

Green Cooling Initiative

The IIR has joined the Green Cooling Initiative.

• Publication date : 2024/02/26

The IIR supports the Global Cooling Pledge

The IIR and several of its corporate members support this historic commitment signed during COP28.

• Publication date : 2024/01/26
• Subjects: Environment

IIR working party on magnetic cooling: new Web site

The very active IIR working party on magnetic cooling, chaired by Peter Egolf, launched a new Web site (www.mcwp.ch). On this Web site, managed by Marc Diebold and linked to the IIR Web site, you will find news on...

• Publication date : 2007/04/25

Cooling Matters: World Refrigeration Day Announces 2022 Theme

Celebrated on and around June 26 each year, World Refrigeration Day aims to raise awareness among the wider public about the importance of refrigeration technologies in everyday life.

• Publication date : 2022/03/10
• Subjects: General information, Technology, Environment

Job opportunities: Sainsbury’s is looking for young graduate engineers.

Sainsbury’s is looking for young graduate engineers: £27,000 (32,500 €) starting salary, six monthly reviews and performance relative bonus.

• Publication date : 2014/02/06

Job opportunities: Sainsbury’s is looking for young graduate engineers.

Sainsbury’s is looking for young graduate engineers: £27,000 (32,500 €) starting salary, six monthly reviews and performance relative bonus.

• Publication date : 2014/05/19

HKA/OST Summer School: Looking for sponsors

Two partners of the SophiA project wil be organising an International Summer School on Sustainability at OST in Switzerland.

• Publication date : 2022/05/27

IIR conference on caloric cooling Thermag VIII: highlights

Thermag VIII was an opportunity to present new developments regarding magnetocaloric, electrocaloric and elastocaloric cooling.

• Publication date : 2018/10/18

New IIR Informatory Note on caloric cooling technologies 

IIR’s 50th Informatory Note on refrigeration technologies focuses on three promising alternative solid-state cooling technologies: magnetocaloric, electrocaloric and...

• Publication date : 2022/12/15
• Subjects: Technology

New IIR Informatory Note on Solar Cooling 

Discover the latest IIR Informatory Note that provides a detailed analysis of solar cooling: an environmentally friendly and promising technology.

• Publication date : 2020/12/22
• Subjects: Technology

New IIR Informatory Note on passive cooling

The IIR’s latest Informatory Note demonstrates that passive cooling technologies can contribute significantly to reducing energy demand for air conditioning. 

• Publication date : 2022/04/29
• Subjects: Technology

Next Generation Cooling: World Refrigeration Day Announces 2023 Theme

Titled "Next Generation Cooling", the WRD 2023 campaign will focus on the future of cooling technology, the industry, the people working within it, and those that benefit from cooling.

• Publication date : 2023/05/27
• Subjects: Environment

New IIR Working Group on Solid-State Cooling and Heating

Initiated by Andrej Kitanovski (Slovenia), this working group's first objective is to promote international research collaboration in the areas of solid-state cooling, heat pumps, and energy...

• Publication date : 2022/07/08

New IIR Informatory Note on evaporative cooling

The latest IIR Informatory Note highlights that evaporative cooling is an energy-efficient technology that has many applications in air conditioning but also in short-term food storage. 

• Publication date : 2023/05/27

Additive manufacturing of regenerators for caloric cooling

In many areas of engineering, additive manufacturing allows the production of complex and multifunctional products that could not be manufactured using traditional methods. In the...

• Last update : 2022/09/16
• Langues : French, English
• Themes : Caloric cooling (magnetocaloric, electrocaloric, elastocaloric and barocaloric cooling)

Cryogenic nitrogen in the food and beverage industry

The adoption of cryogenic processes in the food and beverage industry is predominantly driven by liquid nitrogen (LIN), and it is the preferred candidate for food chilling and...

• Last update : 2023/11/07
• Langues : French, English
• Themes : Freezing of foodstuffs

Additive manufacturing of heat exchangers

In the refrigeration industry, additive manufacturing (colloquially referred to as “3D printing”) makes it possible to fabricate novel, complex and potentially more energy efficient...

• Last update : 2022/09/07
• Langues : French, English
• Themes : Evaporators, condensers and other heat exchangers

Liquefied Natural Gas: production process and cold energy recovery

Liquefied natural gas (LNG) is natural gas that has been cooled to about -160 °C and turned into a liquid to facilitate transportation and storage. A typical LNG supply chain...

• Last update : 2023/06/23
• Langues : French, English
• Themes : LNG and LPG

Nanorefrigerants

Nanorefrigerants are created by adding nanoparticles in suspension to a base refrigerant. They have a thermal conductivity that is 15% to 104% higher than that of the corresponding...

• Last update : 2022/06/17
• Langues : English, French
• Themes : Nanofluids

Ice cream manufacturing, environmental impact and market data

From a physico-chemical point of view, ice cream is a complex, frozen multiphase mixture. The manufacturing process includes several stages of freezing which are described in this...

• Last update : 2023/06/30
• Langues : French, English
• Themes : Ice creams

Cryogenics in the pharmaceutical industry: drug design and bioavailability improvement

Research activities in the pharmaceutical sector focus primarily on developing novel drug formulations which can elicit the desired response upon being administered to the patient...

• Last update : 2023/03/10
• Langues : French, English
• Themes : Freeze-drying in biology and medicine, Cryobiology, cryomedicine: general information

Hydrocarbon refrigerants

Hydrocarbons such as R290 (propane), R600a (isobutane) or R1270 (propene/propylene) are low GWP non-toxic natural refrigerants with excellent thermodynamic properties. They offer an...

• Last update : 2022/06/22
• Langues : French, English
• Themes : Hydrocarbons, Containment, refrigerant charge reduction

Environmental impact of the ice cream industry

This summary document describes the environmental impact of ice cream manufacturing, which is mainly due to the energy consumption and refrigerants used.

• Last update : 2022/11/17
• Langues : French, English
• Themes : General information on environment (climate change, ozone depletion…)