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IIR document
Air cycle feasibility using a novel, single rotor compander for refrigeration and heating.
Carnot-equivalent air cycle heat pump leveraging isentropic and isothermal compression and expansion principles – a theoretical analysis.
Using an air cycle heat pump system with a turbocharger to supply heating for full electric vehicles.
Recommended by the IIR / IIR document
Thermodynamic characteristics and order degree of air cycle system.
Performance simulation and diagnosis of faulty states in air-cycle refrigeration systems in civil aircrafts.
Thermodynamic investigation of a centrifugal reverse Brayton cycle for refrigeration in air conditioning filed.
Dynamic simulation model for three-wheel air-cycle refrigeration systems in civil aircrafts.
Improvement of Brayton refrigeration air cycle for electroplating wastewater treatment.
A review of reverse Brayton air cycle refrigerators.
Experimental investigation of a regenerated air cycle heat pump heating system with a turbocharger.
Simulation and optimisation of opened sewage concentration air cycle combined with the heat pump under actual weather conditions.
Advanced exergy analysis of a Reverse Brayton cycle using air as working fluid for cryogenic purposes.
Analysis on the application of air cycle heat pump system with compressed natural gas pressure potential energy recovery for high temperature heating under low ambient temperature conditions.
Thermal performance of three-wheel and split-wheel air cycle systems for a civil aircraft environmental control system (ECS).
Exergetic Effects of Cooled Cooling Air Technology on the Turbofan Engine during a Typical Mission.
Refrigeration sector monitoring
141 results
Germany: air-cycle air conditioning systems for high-speed trains
Liebherr provided cold air systems based on an environmentally friendly technology.
Refrigerated transport: innovations and challenges for sustainability
Review of the most promising technologies for refrigerated transport: vapour compression systems with natural refrigerants, photovoltaic systems with electrical energy storage,...
Overview of data center cooling technologies
The very huge growth in Internet traffic requires the continued development of new energy-efficient data center cooling technologies, based primarily on liquid...
IIR Rankine Conference 2020: Which alternative working fluids for ORC systems?
HFOs (hydrofluoroolefins), HCFOs (hydrochlorofluoroolefins) and hydrocarbons were the main alternatives to HFC245fa presented during the IIR Rankine Conference 2020.
ICR2019: overview of current refrigeration research topics (part III)
Energy storage, desiccant air conditioning, high-temperature heat pumps and ejector technologies were some of the salient topics of the latest IIR Congress. Continuation of the synthesis of key presentations of ICR2019.
Solar ejector refrigeration systems: benefits and latest developments
Two IJR articles present the latest advancements in this technology and in particular the advantages of variable geometry ejectors and low-GWP refrigerants in terms of performance.
An ejector refrigeration system optimised for sub-zero temperatures on fishing vessels
Large amounts of diesel fuel are used to power fishing vessels engines and on-board refrigeration systems. In a recent theoretical study, an energy-efficient sub-zero refrigeration system proposed based on a...
The life cycle of fluorocarbons: case studies
The Climate and Clean Air Coalition has published a guide for policymakers in which good practices regarding the life cycle of fluorocarbons are discussed. Concrete examples of refrigerant recycling in...
Summary of two papers of the 9th International Conference on Compressors and Coolants (ICCC2017)
The IIR 9th International Conference on Compressors and Coolants (ICCC2017), which took place in Bratislava, Slovakia, in September 2017, addressed advances in compressors but also refrigerating technologies and alternative refrigerants, as...
R1234yf as a working fluid in Organic Rankine Cycle systems
A recent review article presented the use of HFO R1234yf and its mixtures in Organic Rankine Cycle (ORC) systems, namely in applications for waste heat recovery from internal...
Energy efficiency comparison of air-conditioning systems in electric vehicles
A study compares the energy efficiency of conventional refrigeration systems with that of heat pumps in mobile air conditioning. R744, R134a and R1234yf are considered. Reversible heat pumps are found the most energy-efficient systems.
Low-cost cold storage in Kenya using evaporative cooling
A team of researchers from the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) and the University of Nairobi are designing affordable off-grid cold storage units for perishable crops in Kenya, using evaporative...
New heat pump life cycle performance assessment tool
The Air-conditioning, Heating and Refrigeration Technology Institute (AHRTI) developed a tool to calculate Life Cycle Climate Performance (LCCP), using Microsoft Excel.
Two-phase ejectors: a high potential for energy savings
Two review papers recently published in the IJR highlight ejectors as a promising solution to dramatically improve the efficiency of vapour compression refrigeration systems and outline the challenges that...
Recent developments in advanced ejector technology
The objective of this paper published in the International Journal of Refrigeration is to present a review of developments in the use of ejectors focusing on the past several years.
IIR news
58 results
Member news: Mirai Intex releases new high capacity ultra-low temperature refrigeration system
Mirai Intex, corporate member of the IIR, has released a new ultra-low temperature (ULT) system based on air-cycle technology, offering high cooling capacity.
Member news: Mirai Intex ultra-low temperature refrigeration system at the ACHEMA trade show in Germany
Mirai Intex, corporate member of the IIR, will present its MC 15 C/W/T closed-cycle refrigeration machine at the ACHEMA trade show in August 2022 in Germany.
IIR Working Group publishes Guidelines for Life Cycle Climate Performance
The Guidelines for Life Cycle Climate Performance (LCCP) provide a harmonised method to calculate the LCCP for all types of stationary air conditioning, heat pumping and refrigeration systems.
Member news: latest innovations from Mirai Intex
The company Mirai Intex has just marketed a refrigeration machine using air cycle for low temperatures. Mirai Intex also markets a mobile storage solution.
Discover the 32nd IIR Informatory Note on the “Harmonization of Life Cycle Climate Performance Methodology”
This Informatory Note summarises the LCCP guidelines prepared by the Working Group. It provides recommended assumptions and data sources for different types of units, presents the various existing LCCP tools and outlines usages and limitations of...
Heat pumps, the central theme of the recent IIR Congress
An overview of the research carried out in the field of heat pumps, with the aim of achieving greater flexibility and increased energy efficiency, in particular through to the use of thermal energy...
Another successful IIR Gustav Lorentzen conference 2016
Dedicated to natural refrigerants, mainly ammonia, carbon dioxide and hydrocarbons, Gustav Lorentzen 2016 was a great success attracting over 270 people and more than 145 papers from leading international researchers and industrialists.
Catch up on the IIR Working Group on LCCP evaluation in Chicago
IIR Working Group on Life Cycle Climate Performance (LCCP) evaluation continues to make impressive headway.
New publications
The IIR has issued 3 new publications: - the 20th Informatory Note on Refrigerating Technologies Magnetic Refrigeration at Room Temperature, written by P. Egolf - Chairman of the IIR working party dedicated to this technology - and Ronald...
Call for abstracts now open! 15th IIR-Gustav Lorentzen Conference on Natural Refrigerants
Prospective authors of papers are encouraged to submit 150-200 word abstracts by September 15, 2021.
IC2015 Workshops: An opportunity to join, share and build together
ICR2015: A chance to actively participate in the innovation of refrigeration.
Commission E2: at the forefront of heat pumps and energy recovery
Activities of the IIR’s Commission E2 “Heat Pumps, Energy Recovery”
IIR in Bangkok: Highlights from COP13/MOP36 and the World Cold Chain Symposium
IIR actively participated in the COP13/MOP36 and 2024 World Cold Chain Symposium events organised in Bangkok, Thailand, from 26 October to 1 November, hosting two side events and promoting solutions for...
Highlights from COP13/MOP36 – Day 4
Today, at COP13/MOP36 in Bangkok, high-level discussions continued as delegates, scientists, and policy leaders gathered with renewed urgency to protect the ozone layer and address climate...
Now available: IIR-Gustav Lorentzen Conference Papers
Download your copy of the proceedings of the 14th Gustav Lorentzen Conference on Natural Refrigerants. Over 120 technical papers are available!
Encyclopedia of Refrigeration
7 results
Liquefied Natural Gas: production process and cold energy recovery
Liquefied natural gas (LNG) is natural gas that has been cooled to about -160 °C and turned into a liquid to facilitate transportation and storage. A typical LNG supply chain...
Additive manufacturing of regenerators for caloric cooling
In many areas of engineering, additive manufacturing allows the production of complex and multifunctional products that could not be manufactured using traditional methods. In the...
Cryogenic nitrogen in the food and beverage industry
The adoption of cryogenic processes in the food and beverage industry is predominantly driven by liquid nitrogen (LIN), and it is the preferred candidate for food chilling and...
Ice cream manufacturing, environmental impact and market data
From a physico-chemical point of view, ice cream is a complex, frozen multiphase mixture. The manufacturing process includes several stages of freezing which are described in this...
Environmental impact of the ice cream industry
This summary document describes the environmental impact of ice cream manufacturing, which is mainly due to the energy consumption and refrigerants used.
Cryogenics in the pharmaceutical industry: drug design and bioavailability improvement
Research activities in the pharmaceutical sector focus primarily on developing novel drug formulations which can elicit the desired response upon being administered to the patient...
Nanorefrigerants
Nanorefrigerants are created by adding nanoparticles in suspension to a base refrigerant. They have a thermal conductivity that is 15% to 104% higher than that of the corresponding...
