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IIR document

Data driven assessment of a small scale evaporative condenser based on a combined artificial neural network with design of experiment approach.

• Author(s) : REICHERT H., DONNI R., SCHNEIDER P., ACUNHA I. C. Jr
• Publication date: 2020/07
• Languages :
• Source: International Journal of Refrigeration - Revue Internationale du Froid - vol. 115
• Formats : PDF

IIR document

Facility for superconducting magnet assembling and serial testing.

• Author(s) : KHODZHIBAGIYAN H., AGAPOV N., BORISOV V., et al.
• Publication date: 2014/04/07
• Languages : English
• Source: Cryogenics 2014. Proceedings of the 13^th IIR International Conference: Prague, Czech Republic, April 7-11, 2014.
• Formats : PDF

IIR document

Design and initial testing of a compact and efficient rotary AMR prototype.

• Author(s) : ERIKSEN D., ENGELBRECHT K., BAHL C. R. H., et al.
• Publication date: 2014/09/07
• Languages : English
• Source: 6^th International Conference on Magnetic Refrigeration at Room Temperature (Thermag VI). Proceedings: Victoria, Canada, September 7-10, 2014.
• Formats : PDF

In-flight testing of loop thermosyphons for aircraft cooling.

• Author(s) : OLIVEIRA J. L. G., TECCHIO C., PAIVA K. V., et al.
• Publication date: 2016/04/05
• Languages : English
• Source: Applied Thermal Engineering - vol. 98

IIR document

Development, testing and evaluation of 2L refrigerants.

• Author(s) : LOW R., PROUST C.
• Publication date: 2018/09
• Languages : English
• Source: 1^st IIR international conference on the application of HFO refrigerants, Birmingham, September 2-5 2018.
• Formats : PDF

IIR document

Development, testing and evaluation of 2L refrigerants.

• Author(s) : LOW R., PROUST D.
• Publication date: 2018/09
• Languages : English
• Source: 1^st IIR international conference on the application of HFO refrigerants, Birmingham, September 2-5 2018.
• Formats : PDF

Design and test of split evaporative air conditioner.

[In Chinese. / En chinois.]

• Author(s) : LIANG C., SUN Z., LIU J.
• Publication date: 2014/10
• Languages : Chinese
• Source: Journal of Refrigeration - vol. 35 - n. 159
• Formats : PDF

IIR document

Design, development and testing of a compressive thermoelastic cooling system.

• Author(s) : QIAN S., WU Y., LING J., et al.
• Publication date: 2015/08/16
• Languages : English
• Source: Proceedings of the 24th IIR International Congress of Refrigeration: Yokohama, Japan, August 16-22, 2015.
• Formats : PDF

IIR document

Cryogenic tests results of the regular superconducting magnets of the NICA collider.

• Author(s) : KOTOVA A., NIKIFOROV D., BESPALOV Y., KHODZHIBAGIYAN H., FISCHER E., KUZNETSOV G.
• Publication date: 2023/04/25
• Languages : English
• Source: Cryogenics 2023. Proceedings of the 17^th IIR International Conference, Dresden, Germany, april 25-28 2023
• Formats : PDF

Fractionation testing for low critical temperature blends.

• Author(s) : WEBSTER V., SAXENA I., LOW R. E., SEETON C. J.
• Publication date: 2022
• Languages : English
• Source: 2022 Purdue Conferences. 19^th International Refrigeration and Air-Conditioning Conference at Purdue.
• Formats : PDF

IIR document

Dynamic testing and modeling of a diffusion absorption refrigeration system.

• Author(s) : BEN JEMAA R., MANSOURI R., BELLAGI A.
• Publication date: 2016/07
• Languages : English
• Source: International Journal of Refrigeration - Revue Internationale du Froid - vol. 67
• Formats : PDF

IIR document

A2L refrigerants leak and ignition testing for a walk-in cooler system.

• Author(s) : WANG X.
• Publication date: 2019/08/24
• Languages : English
• Source: Proceedings of the 25^th IIR International Congress of Refrigeration: Montréal , Canada, August 24-30, 2019.
• Formats : PDF

Ensayos de nuevas alternativas de bajo GWP al R-404A para refrigeración comercial.

Tests for new low-GWP R-404A alternatives in commercial cooling.

• Author(s) : MINOR B., GERSTEL J.
• Publication date: 2014/09
• Languages : Spanish
• Source: Frío Calor Aire acondicionado - vol. 42 - n. 472
• Formats : PDF

Testing of a lab-scale four-bed adsorption heat pump.

• Author(s) : SAN J. Y., TSAI F. K.
• Publication date: 2014/09
• Languages : English
• Source: Applied Thermal Engineering - vol. 70 - n. 1

Hot surface ignition testing of low GWP 2L refrigerants.

• Author(s) : KOBAN M., MINOR B., COUGHLAN P., et al.
• Publication date: 2016/07/11
• Languages : English
• Source: 2016 Purdue Conferences. 16th International Refrigeration and Air-Conditioning Conference at Purdue.
• Formats : PDF

Successful test of the cryogenic engine to be used to launch India's second moon mission

The Indian Space Research Organisation has successfully tested the Cryogenic Engine CE-20, which will power GSLV Mk-III, the launch vehicle for Chandrayaan-2, India's second lunar exploration mission.

• Publication date : 2018/11/22

Testing a prototype outdoor air conditioner using liquid nitrogen

In September 2022, a start-up is testing a prototype outdoor air conditioning system using liquid nitrogen in a few restaurants.

• Publication date : 2022/09/19
• Subjects: Technology

Montreal Protocol 25th Anniversary video competition

A global video competition for young people born in or after September 1987

• Publication date : 2012/08/23

Vapour compression refrigeration for space applications

An IJR review paper presents the history of vapour-compression refrigeration systems used in microgravity environments and sets the next steps of research needed to achieve reliable...

• Publication date : 2021/01/27

Assessing the market potential of industrial heat pumps in Europe

To address the lack of product development of high temperature heat pumps, a recent article provides manufacturers with an estimate of the industrial heat pump market potential in...

• Publication date : 2021/11/30
• Subjects: Technology, Figures, economy

Kenyan fish processing facility upgrades from R22 to ammonia

East Africa Sea Foods (EASF), a fish processing facility in Kenya, recently replaced its aging R22 refrigeration system with a two-stage ammonia system.

• Publication date : 2020/04/05
• Subjects: HFCs alternatives, Developing country

Road to COP28. How can we achieve sustainability in gas processing and liquefaction?

In gas processing plants, focus should be set on non-flaring operation and reduction of releases caused by leaks, says Dr Heinz Bauer, IIR expert....

• Publication date : 2023/03/28
• Subjects: Technology, General information

Addressing gender and regional disparities in access to cooling

The annual Chilling Prospects report estimates that 1.12 billion poor people in rural and urban areas are at high risk due to a lack of access to cooling. 

• Publication date : 2023/09/25
• Subjects: Figures, economy, Developing country, General information

Assessing the effects of CO2 cryocapture

According to Physicists at the University of Oregon, refrigerating coal plant emissions would reduce CO2 emissions by 90%, and reduce levels of other dangerous chemicals such as SO2 and Mercury, but would raise electricity costs by about 25%.

• Publication date : 2013/01/11

Briefs: Accessible and free evaporative solution

A simple and ingenious utensil, the zeer pot, makes it possible to extend the shelf life of produce for several days and is becoming very popular in Africa. The system was invented by Mohammad Bah Abba, a Nigerian teacher and consultant to the...

• Publication date : 2008/08/12

Assessing indoor air quality: Air conditioning

The quality of indoor air and how to assess it are increasingly raising concern, whether this is related to the efficiency of air-conditioning systems or of air cleaners. Air conditioning against high CO2 levels. According to a recent KPMG study...

• Publication date : 2008/02/12

Assessing indoor air quality: Air cleaners

The quality of indoor air and how to assess it are increasingly raising concern, whether this is related to the efficiency of air-conditioning systems or of air cleaners. Air-cleaner market is doing fine. According to the Environmental Protection...

• Publication date : 2008/02/12

Food processing: a priority sector for India

India’s food minister believes that with a better supply chain, the country could be a global food processing powerhouse.

• Publication date : 2015/05/29

Fusion of a boiler and a heat pump into one new system, thanks to thermal compression

Boostheat company has developed a new technology that is claimed to lead to a new generation of very efficient and renewable heating, hot water and cooling systems.

• Publication date : 2015/08/04

Vapour-compression alternatives to serve future HVAC applications

A March 2014 report* prepared for the US Department of Energy by Navigant Consulting identifies and evaluates 17 technologies which could potentially replace traditional vapour-compression technology in residential and commercial HVAC applications

• Publication date : 2014/07/01

Professor Arhkarov's birthday

This month, Prof. Alexey M. Arkharov, a well known scientist in the field of cryogenics, celebrated his 90th birthday.

• Publication date : 2021/01/29

Now freely accessible: The IIR International Dictionary of Refrigeration

Now available in 11 languages, the complete version of the IIR International Dictionary of Refrigeration is freely accessible online!

• Publication date : 2018/01/31

Press release: The IIR International Dictionary of Refrigeration is now freely accessible online

Available in 11 languages, the complete version of the International Institute of Refrigeration (IIR) International Dictionary of Refrigeration is now freely accessible online.

• Publication date : 2018/02/01

Training and courses: Accessible opportunities online

The IIR has taken care to provide you with an exclusive selection of digital training and course material on the main themes of HVACR, including a section dedicated to certification courses from reputable international organisations and companies...

• Publication date : 2017/10/03

Consult our two professional refrigeration directories: Expertise and Laboratories

Thanks to its international network, the IIR has developed two professional directories covering all fields of refrigeration; the IIR Expertise Directory and the Laboratory Directory.

• Publication date : 2023/01/19
• Subjects: General information

The International Dictionary of Refrigeration is now accessible online

Previously only available in paper format and in just 5 languages, the complete version of the International Dictionary of Refrigeration is now accessible on our website.

• Publication date : 2015/09/23

Book your spot! Training session on food refrigeration systems

From July 1 to 5 2024, Professor Don Cleland will be leading a training  workshop in London entitled “Cost-Effective Refrigeration”. 

• Publication date : 2024/05/28

Professional forums on cryo-sciences: Experts and young researchers alike

Although significant progress has been made in cold application in life sciences driven by new solutions in the production, storage and handling of bio-products along the entire production chain all the way up to the end-user, there are still many...

• Publication date : 2017/03/01

An impressive 1,000 abstracts received for the 25th IIR International Congress of Refrigeration

Covering all fields of refrigeration, ICR 2019 is expected to surpass the success of previous congresses, and will be a unique opportunity for researchers and engineers from all over the world to meet, exchange and publish the results of their...

• Publication date : 2018/07/24

Highlights from the 46th Montreal Protocol OEWG: Addressing Ozone Depletion and Climate Change Challenges

The 46th meeting of the Open-ended Working Group (OEWG) of the Parties to the Montreal Protocol took place in Montreal from 8 to 12 July 2024. The IIR took part of the event.  

• Publication date : 2024/08/01

Press release: An impressive 1,000 abstracts received for the 25th IIR International Congress of Refrigeration

First held in 1908, the International Congress of Refrigeration presented by the International Institute of Refrigeration (IIR) is now the world’s leading event for research and industry in the HVACR sector, cryogenics included.

• Publication date : 2018/07/20

Professionals, participate in a questionnaire on the cold chain of COVID-19 vaccines (in French)

The AFF (French Association of Refrigeration) has just posted a short online questionnaire for vaccines cold chain professionals in order to enrich the work of its...

• Publication date : 2021/10/25
• Subjects: Regulation, Technology

International Network for Women in Cooling Launches Online Platform to Connect Women Professionals Around the Globe

Paris, 11 May 2023 — Today, the International Network for Women in Cooling (INWIC) officially launched its web service, available at

• Publication date : 2023/05/11
• Subjects: General information

Find out what happened at the 2nd Virtual Networking Session at the IIR-Gustav Lorentzen Conference 2020

The IIR Working Group on Careers in Refrigeration (CaRe), the European Partnership for Energy and the Environment (EPEE) and Karlsruhe University of Applied Sciences organised a virtual networking event on...

• Publication date : 2021/01/22

IIR Congress 2023: Submit an abstract to the session on “Work in Progress & Innovation” before May 31

You have just over a month to submit an abstract to the session on “Work in Progress & Innovation” at the 26th IIR International Congress of Refrigeration.

• Publication date : 2023/04/25
• Subjects: General information

Cryogenic nitrogen in the food and beverage industry

The adoption of cryogenic processes in the food and beverage industry is predominantly driven by liquid nitrogen (LIN), and it is the preferred candidate for food chilling and...

• Last update : 2023/11/07
• Langues : French, English
• Themes : Freezing of foodstuffs

Additive manufacturing of regenerators for caloric cooling

In many areas of engineering, additive manufacturing allows the production of complex and multifunctional products that could not be manufactured using traditional methods. In the...

• Last update : 2022/09/16
• Langues : French, English
• Themes : Caloric cooling (magnetocaloric, electrocaloric, elastocaloric and barocaloric cooling)

Nanorefrigerants

Nanorefrigerants are created by adding nanoparticles in suspension to a base refrigerant. They have a thermal conductivity that is 15% to 104% higher than that of the corresponding...

• Last update : 2022/06/17
• Langues : English, French
• Themes : Nanofluids

Liquefied Natural Gas: production process and cold energy recovery

Liquefied natural gas (LNG) is natural gas that has been cooled to about -160 °C and turned into a liquid to facilitate transportation and storage. A typical LNG supply chain...

• Last update : 2023/06/23
• Langues : French, English
• Themes : LNG and LPG

Cryogenics in the pharmaceutical industry: drug design and bioavailability improvement

Research activities in the pharmaceutical sector focus primarily on developing novel drug formulations which can elicit the desired response upon being administered to the patient...

• Last update : 2023/03/10
• Langues : French, English
• Themes : Freeze-drying in biology and medicine, Cryobiology, cryomedicine: general information

Cold storage conditions for fruits and vegetables

Practical recommendations for the cold storage of over 200 cultivars of fruits, vegetables and herbs (storage temperatures, relative humidity, storage time, controlled atmosphere...

• Last update : 2023/01/16
• Langues : French, English
• Themes : Fruit, Vegetables

Additive manufacturing of heat exchangers

In the refrigeration industry, additive manufacturing (colloquially referred to as “3D printing”) makes it possible to fabricate novel, complex and potentially more energy efficient...

• Last update : 2022/09/07
• Langues : French, English
• Themes : Evaporators, condensers and other heat exchangers

Ice cream manufacturing, environmental impact and market data

From a physico-chemical point of view, ice cream is a complex, frozen multiphase mixture. The manufacturing process includes several stages of freezing which are described in this...

• Last update : 2023/06/30
• Langues : French, English
• Themes : Ice creams

Environmental impact of the ice cream industry

This summary document describes the environmental impact of ice cream manufacturing, which is mainly due to the energy consumption and refrigerants used.

• Last update : 2022/11/17
• Langues : French, English
• Themes : General information on environment (climate change, ozone depletion…)

Thermophysical properties of HFC refrigerants

Thermophysical properties of over 100 HFC refrigerants, including single-component and blends.

• Last update : 2022/06/17
• Langues : English
• Themes : HFCs, Blends, HFO et HCFO

Thermophysical properties of HFO refrigerants

Thermophysical properties of over 50 HFO refrigerants, including single-component and blends.

• Last update : 2022/06/17
• Langues : English
• Themes : Blends, HFO et HCFO

Hydrocarbon refrigerants

Hydrocarbons such as R290 (propane), R600a (isobutane) or R1270 (propene/propylene) are low GWP non-toxic natural refrigerants with excellent thermodynamic properties. They offer an...

• Last update : 2022/06/22
• Langues : French, English
• Themes : Hydrocarbons, Containment, refrigerant charge reduction