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IIR document

Effects of CO₂ snow addition during kneading on thermoregulation, dough rheological properties, and bread characteristics: A focus on ancient and modern wheat cultivars.

• Author(s) : CAPPELLI A., CANESSA J., CINI E.
• Publication date: 2020/09
• Languages : English
• Source: International Journal of Refrigeration - Revue Internationale du Froid - vol. 117
• Formats : PDF

Effect of Freezing Wheat Dough Enriched with Calcium Salts with/without Inulin on Bread Quality.

• Author(s) : CARBONI A. D., GÓMEZ-ZAVAGLIA A., PUPPO M. C., SALINAS M. V.
• Publication date: 2022/07
• Languages : English
• Source: Foods - 11 - 13
• Formats : PDF

Recommended by the IIR / IIR document

Numerical simulation of latent and sensible concrete thermal energy storage system.

• Author(s) : MARTELLETTO F., DORETTI L., MANCIN S.
• Publication date: 2021/09/01
• Languages : English
• Source: 13^rd IIR Conference on Phase-Change Materials and Slurries for Refrigeration and Air Conditioning. Proceedings: (online) Vicenza, Italy, September 1-3, 2021.
• Formats : PDF

Towards integral assessment of heat pumps and refrigerants using LCA: A case study for the German building stock.

• Author(s) : VERING C., ZIBUNAS C., TESSAREK F., MOSCHNER N., BREUER K., HÖGES C., ROMBERG H., ASSEN N. von der, MÜLLER D.
• Publication date: 2023/05/15
• Languages : English
• Source: 14^th IEA Heat Pump Conference 2023, Chicago, Illinois.
• Formats : PDF

Refrigerated storage stability of chicken nuggets containing pea flour.

• Author(s) : SINGH O. P., SINGH J. N., BHARTI M. K., et al.
• Publication date: 2008/09
• Languages : English
• Keywords : Poultry, Flour, Modified atmosphere, Stability, Pea, Chicken, Expérimentation, Cold storage, Packaging
• Source: Int. J. Food Sci. Technol. - vol. 45 - n. 5

Quality of beef sausages as affected by defatted melon (Citrullus vulgaris Schrad) kernel flour supplementation and refrigerated storage.

• Author(s) : MA I., JA A., GIO B.
• Publication date: 2008/03
• Languages : English
• Keywords : Flour, Chilling, Beef, Quality, Sausage, Meat product, Melon, Cold storage, Additive
• Source: Int. J. Food Sci. Technol. - vol. 45 - n. 2

IIR document

The effect of water activity, freezing rate, and temperature on retrogradation of gelatinized wheat flour and cooked rice.

• Author(s) : RHEE C., CHOI S. G.
• Publication date: 1994/06/08
• Languages : English
• Keywords : Wheat, Flour, Freezing rate, Temperature, Rice, Chemical property, Cooking, Freezing, Water activity
• Source: New Applications of Refrigeration to Fruit and Vegetables Processing.
• Formats : PDF

IIR document

Effect of the thermostable xylanase B from Thermotoga maritima on the quality of frozen partially baked bread.

• Author(s) : JIANG Z. Q., LE BAIL A., WU A.
• Publication date: 2007/08/21
• Languages : English
• Keywords : Flour, Bread, Dough, Expérimentation, Freezing, Additive
• Source: ICR 2007. Refrigeration Creates the Future. Proceedings of the 22^nd IIR International Congress of Refrigeration.
• Formats : PDF

IIR document

Rheological behaviour of gelatinized starch pastes stored at low temperatures.

• Author(s) : NAVARRO A. S., MARTINO M. N., ZARITZKY N. E.
• Publication date: 1992/09/07
• Languages : English
• Keywords : Starch, Flour, Rheology, Chilling, Colloidal suspension, Freezing
• Source: Proposals for the generation and use of refrigeration in the 21st century.
• Formats : PDF

Studies regarding the effect of storing Dropia grains at low temperatures upon the granularity of the flour.

• Author(s) : BARNA O., MORARU C., TOFAN I., et al.
• Publication date: 2005
• Languages : English
• Source: Ann. Univ. Dunarea Jos Galati, VI - vol. 23 - n. 2.

IIR document

Heat recovery in fish meal industry by high temperature hybrid heat pumps.

• Author(s) : NORDTVEDT S. R.
• Publication date: 2013/05/09
• Languages : English
• Keywords : Flour, Heat recovery, Simulation, Heat pump, Fish, Hybrid system, Industry, Oil, High temperature, Energy saving
• Source: 5^th Conference on Ammonia Refrigeration Technology. Proceedings: Ohrid, North Macedonia, May 9-11, 2013.
• Formats : PDF

IIR document

Improvement of the baking performance of frozen dough by short freezing method: application to French baguette.

• Author(s) : LE BAIL A., HAVET M., HAYERT M.
• Publication date: 2001/03/28
• Languages : English
• Source: Rapid Cooling of Food.
• Formats : PDF

IIR document

PRODUCTION AND ACCEPTABILITY TESTING OF FISH CRACKERS PREPARED BY THE EXTRUSION METHOD.

• Author(s) : YU S. Y.
• Publication date: 1981
• Languages : English
• Source: Advances in the refrigerated treatment of fish.
• Formats : PDF

The effect of temperature management on Sitophilus zeamais, Tribolium castaneum and Plodia interpunctella in stored maize: summer 2001 pilot bin trials.

• Author(s) : MAIER D. E., ILELEJI K. E., WOLOSHUK C. P., et al.
• Publication date: 2002/07/22
• Languages : English
• Source: Advances in stored product protection. Proceedings of the 8th International Working Conference on Stored Product Protection.

Rheological changes in refrigerated dough during storage in relation to proteins.

• Author(s) : ZHANG Y., SIMSEK S., CAMPANELLA O. H., et al.
• Publication date: 2009/07/28
• Languages : English
• Source: J. Food Process Eng. - 18 p.; fig.; tabl.; 30 ref.

Japan: revised Fluorinated gas legislation to encourage rationalised use and proper management of fluorocarbons

The Japanese Cabinet recently approved the “Bill for the Act for Partial Revision of the Act on Ensuring the Implementation of Recovery and Destruction of Fluorocarbons concerning Designated Products.”

• Publication date : 2013/08/29
• Subjects: Regulation

Fluorinated gas emissions in Europe

The European Environment Agency (EEA) recently published its annual report on fluorinated greenhouse gases.

• Publication date : 2018/03/05
• Subjects: Figures, economy, HFCs alternatives

Global fluorochemicals market

The global fluorochemicals industry was valued at USD 15.3 billion in 2011 and is expected to generate revenue of USD 21.5 billion by 2018, growing at a CAGR of 5% from 2012 to 2018.

• Publication date : 2014/04/07
• Subjects: HFCs alternatives

Global fluorocarbon refrigerants market

Global fluorocarbon refrigerants market was valued at USD 11,032.50 million in 2013 and is estimated to reach USD 15,635.61 million by 2019.

• Publication date : 2014/12/14
• Subjects: Figures, economy

EU Regulation on fluorinated gas impacts

The revised regulation on fluorinated gas No 517/2014 was published on May 20, 2014 in the Official Journal of the European Union. It entered into force on June 9 and will apply from January 1, 2015.

• Publication date : 2014/08/08
• Subjects: Regulation, HFCs alternatives

The life cycle of fluorocarbons: case studies

The Climate and Clean Air Coalition has published a guide for policymakers in which  good practices regarding the life cycle of fluorocarbons are discussed. Concrete examples of refrigerant recycling in...

• Publication date : 2022/07/08
• Subjects: HFCs alternatives

France: successful initiative to recover fluorinated refrigerants.

An initiative from the French association ACD3R has helped to avoid the emission of 45 million tonnes CO2 between 1993 and 2013.

• Publication date : 2017/01/25
• Subjects: Environment, HFCs alternatives

GL2012 highlights: Experience from the Danish regulation on fluorinated gas

In 2001 and 2002, Denmark introduced a national regulation on fluorinated greenhouse gases: they were banned for certain purposes and a tax of DKK 100 (around 13 €) per tonne of CO2 equivalents was imposed on the importation of HFC/PFC/SF6....

• Publication date : 2013/02/01
• Subjects: Regulation

Radiant floor cooling for giant European shopping centre

Dolce Vita Tejo, one of Europe's largest European shopping centres, located near Lisbon, Portugal, will use under-floor radiant cooling for its 423000 m² surface, 300 shops and 9000 parking spaces. In such a vast space, indoor climate would...

• Publication date : 2009/01/23

World demand for fluorocarbons to rise annually by 3.4% through 2016

According to a recent market report on fluorochemicals by Freedonia, global demand for fluorine containing chemicals is forecast to rise 3.9% per year to 3.5 million tonnes in 2016, valued at USD 19.7 million.

• Publication date : 2012/06/08
• Subjects: Figures, economy

Fluorocarbon producers join the Mobile Air Conditioning Climate Protection Partnership

On June 29, 2004, the fluorocarbon producers Atofina, DuPont, INEOS Fluor, Honeywell, Solvay and the JFMA, announced that they will provide 300 000 US dollars to help fund the Mobile Air Conditioning Climate Protection Partnership, which includes...

• Publication date : 2004/09/14

A surprising increase in the emissions of trichlorofluoromethane (R11) since 2012

An article published in Nature underlines the unexpected and persistent increase in global emissions of ozone-depleting R11.

• Publication date : 2018/06/22
• Subjects: Regulation

Global fluorochemicals market expected to reach USD 25 billion by 2020

HCFC refrigerants still account for over 60% of the total fluorocarbon market worldwide, according to a new report.

• Publication date : 2014/04/30
• Subjects: Figures, economy

Germany: fluorinated greenhouse gas use takes another dive in 2013

Use of HFCs, HCFCs and SF6 decreased by 7% in Germany in 2013, according to latest figures from the German government.

• Publication date : 2015/02/03
• Subjects: Figures, economy, HFCs alternatives

EU F-gas Consultation Forum: alternatives to fluorinated gases exist for single-split air conditioners

A document published by this forum underlines that it now seems possible to avoid the use of fluorinated gases in new small single split air conditioners by replacing them with propane, unless prohibition...

• Publication date : 2021/01/26
• Subjects: HFCs alternatives

Member news: Mexichem Fluor changes name to Koura

The Mexichem branch specialized in the development and manufacturing of fluorinated products changes its name to become Koura.

• Publication date : 2019/09/30

The OEWG 38: dedicated to the phase down of hydrofluorocarbons

The IIR reports back from the 38th Open-Ended Working Group meeting in Vienna

• Publication date : 2016/07/27

Brief: Dr David Tanner

Dr David Tanner has finished a 2-year mandate as President of AIRAH (The Australian Institute of Refrigeration, Air Conditioning and Heating). Dave has paid tribute to Jennifer Pelvin (Chief Executive) and her staff and highlighted the following...

• Publication date : 2006/01/28

IIR member news: Linde

Linde claims cryogenic freezing allows cookie manufacturers to produce a more consistent product.

• Publication date : 2015/12/08

New in the Encyclopedia: updated GWP values for HFCs

Find all the GWP values over 100 years and 20 years for hydrofluorocarbon (HFC) refrigerants.

• Publication date : 2023/09/22
• Subjects: Environment

The year 2016: a new year full of opportunity

The year 2016 will be particularly important due to increasing international discussions on the production and consumption of hydrofluorocarbons with high global warming potential.

• Publication date : 2016/01/06

Review of F-gas regulation - IIR contribution

The IIR has responded to the European Commission consultation “Fluorinated greenhouse gases – review of EU rules (2015-20)” which aims to collect opinions and suggestions about the update of the F-gas Regulation...

• Publication date : 2020/09/06
• Subjects: Regulation, HFCs alternatives, Environment

Energy efficiency on the agenda for discussion during Montreal Protocol meetings in Vienna

Focus on the fruitful workshop on "the energy efficiency opportunities while phasing down hydrofluorocarbons (HFCs)", which preceded the 40th meeting of the Open-ended Working Group (OEWG40) of the Parties to the Montreal Protocol on Substances...

• Publication date : 2018/08/08

Expo Froid - A public exhibition dedicated to refrigeration

From December 5, 2017 to September 16, 2018 a staggering 250,000 visitors explored the “Expo Froid” (Cold Exhibition) at the Cité des Sciences et de l'Industrie.

• Publication date : 2018/12/05

IIR Working Group on the Cold Chain in Warm Countries appoints a new chairperson

Newly appointed chairperson, Halima Thraya, will oversee and coordinate the various efforts and projects carried out by the Working Group.

• Publication date : 2015/06/03

Heat pumps, the central theme of the recent IIR Congress

An overview of the research carried out in the field of heat pumps, with the aim of achieving greater flexibility and increased energy efficiency, in particular through to the use of thermal energy...

• Publication date : 2023/10/24

Obituary: Per-Oskar Persson

The former Managing Director of Frigoscandia AB, Per-Oskar Persson of Helsingborg, Sweden passed away on August 26, 2008, at the age of 84. He was an Honorary Member of IIR, President of Commission D1, 1971 - 1979, and Head of Section D 1979 -...

• Publication date : 2008/09/29

Liquefied Natural Gas: production process and cold energy recovery

Liquefied natural gas (LNG) is natural gas that has been cooled to about -160 °C and turned into a liquid to facilitate transportation and storage. A typical LNG supply chain...

• Last update : 2023/06/23
• Langues : French, English
• Themes : LNG and LPG

Global warming potential (GWP) of HFC refrigerants

Using the latest updated data from UNEP’s RTOC 2022 report, we have compiled the 100-year GWP and 20-year GWP values of hydrofluorocarbon-based (HFC) refrigerants. Our table includes...

• Last update : 2023/09/15
• Langues : French, English
• Themes : HFCs

Cold storage conditions for fruits and vegetables

Practical recommendations for the cold storage of over 200 cultivars of fruits, vegetables and herbs (storage temperatures, relative humidity, storage time, controlled atmosphere...

• Last update : 2023/01/16
• Langues : French, English
• Themes : Fruit, Vegetables

Cryogenic nitrogen in the food and beverage industry

The adoption of cryogenic processes in the food and beverage industry is predominantly driven by liquid nitrogen (LIN), and it is the preferred candidate for food chilling and...

• Last update : 2023/11/07
• Langues : French, English
• Themes : Freezing of foodstuffs

Additive manufacturing of regenerators for caloric cooling

In many areas of engineering, additive manufacturing allows the production of complex and multifunctional products that could not be manufactured using traditional methods. In the...

• Last update : 2022/09/16
• Langues : French, English
• Themes : Caloric cooling (magnetocaloric, electrocaloric, elastocaloric and barocaloric cooling)

Hydrocarbon refrigerants

Hydrocarbons such as R290 (propane), R600a (isobutane) or R1270 (propene/propylene) are low GWP non-toxic natural refrigerants with excellent thermodynamic properties. They offer an...

• Last update : 2022/06/22
• Langues : French, English
• Themes : Hydrocarbons, Containment, refrigerant charge reduction