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IIR document
Effects of CO2 snow addition during kneading on thermoregulation, dough rheological properties, and bread characteristics: A focus on ancient and modern wheat cultivars.
Effect of Freezing Wheat Dough Enriched with Calcium Salts with/without Inulin on Bread Quality.
Recommended by the IIR / IIR document
Numerical simulation of latent and sensible concrete thermal energy storage system.
Towards integral assessment of heat pumps and refrigerants using LCA: A case study for the German building stock.
Refrigerated storage stability of chicken nuggets containing pea flour.
Quality of beef sausages as affected by defatted melon (Citrullus vulgaris Schrad) kernel flour supplementation and refrigerated storage.
The effect of water activity, freezing rate, and temperature on retrogradation of gelatinized wheat flour and cooked rice.
Effect of the thermostable xylanase B from Thermotoga maritima on the quality of frozen partially baked bread.
Rheological behaviour of gelatinized starch pastes stored at low temperatures.
Studies regarding the effect of storing Dropia grains at low temperatures upon the granularity of the flour.
Heat recovery in fish meal industry by high temperature hybrid heat pumps.
Improvement of the baking performance of frozen dough by short freezing method: application to French baguette.
PRODUCTION AND ACCEPTABILITY TESTING OF FISH CRACKERS PREPARED BY THE EXTRUSION METHOD.
The effect of temperature management on Sitophilus zeamais, Tribolium castaneum and Plodia interpunctella in stored maize: summer 2001 pilot bin trials.
Rheological changes in refrigerated dough during storage in relation to proteins.
Refrigeration sector monitoring
63 results
Japan: revised Fluorinated gas legislation to encourage rationalised use and proper management of fluorocarbons
The Japanese Cabinet recently approved the “Bill for the Act for Partial Revision of the Act on Ensuring the Implementation of Recovery and Destruction of Fluorocarbons concerning Designated Products.”
Fluorinated gas emissions in Europe
The European Environment Agency (EEA) recently published its annual report on fluorinated greenhouse gases.
Global fluorochemicals market
The global fluorochemicals industry was valued at USD 15.3 billion in 2011 and is expected to generate revenue of USD 21.5 billion by 2018, growing at a CAGR of 5% from 2012 to 2018.
Global fluorocarbon refrigerants market
Global fluorocarbon refrigerants market was valued at USD 11,032.50 million in 2013 and is estimated to reach USD 15,635.61 million by 2019.
EU Regulation on fluorinated gas impacts
The revised regulation on fluorinated gas No 517/2014 was published on May 20, 2014 in the Official Journal of the European Union. It entered into force on June 9 and will apply from January 1, 2015.
The life cycle of fluorocarbons: case studies
The Climate and Clean Air Coalition has published a guide for policymakers in which good practices regarding the life cycle of fluorocarbons are discussed. Concrete examples of refrigerant recycling in...
France: successful initiative to recover fluorinated refrigerants.
An initiative from the French association ACD3R has helped to avoid the emission of 45 million tonnes CO2 between 1993 and 2013.
GL2012 highlights: Experience from the Danish regulation on fluorinated gas
In 2001 and 2002, Denmark introduced a national regulation on fluorinated greenhouse gases: they were banned for certain purposes and a tax of DKK 100 (around 13 €) per tonne of CO2 equivalents was imposed on the importation of HFC/PFC/SF6....
Radiant floor cooling for giant European shopping centre
Dolce Vita Tejo, one of Europe's largest European shopping centres, located near Lisbon, Portugal, will use under-floor radiant cooling for its 423000 m² surface, 300 shops and 9000 parking spaces. In such a vast space, indoor climate would...
World demand for fluorocarbons to rise annually by 3.4% through 2016
According to a recent market report on fluorochemicals by Freedonia, global demand for fluorine containing chemicals is forecast to rise 3.9% per year to 3.5 million tonnes in 2016, valued at USD 19.7 million.
Breakthrough fluorescent imaging for precise cancer cryosurgery
Researchers at NYU Abu Dhabi (NYUAD) have developed a specialised nanoscale material that illuminates cancer cells under freezing conditions, enhancing surgeons’ ability to detect and remove cancer cells during...
Fluorocarbon producers join the Mobile Air Conditioning Climate Protection Partnership
On June 29, 2004, the fluorocarbon producers Atofina, DuPont, INEOS Fluor, Honeywell, Solvay and the JFMA, announced that they will provide 300 000 US dollars to help fund the Mobile Air Conditioning Climate Protection Partnership, which includes...
A surprising increase in the emissions of trichlorofluoromethane (R11) since 2012
An article published in Nature underlines the unexpected and persistent increase in global emissions of ozone-depleting R11.
Global fluorochemicals market expected to reach USD 25 billion by 2020
HCFC refrigerants still account for over 60% of the total fluorocarbon market worldwide, according to a new report.
Germany: fluorinated greenhouse gas use takes another dive in 2013
Use of HFCs, HCFCs and SF6 decreased by 7% in Germany in 2013, according to latest figures from the German government.
IIR news
13 results
Member news: Mexichem Fluor changes name to Koura
The Mexichem branch specialized in the development and manufacturing of fluorinated products changes its name to become Koura.
The OEWG 38: dedicated to the phase down of hydrofluorocarbons
The IIR reports back from the 38th Open-Ended Working Group meeting in Vienna
Brief: Dr David Tanner
Dr David Tanner has finished a 2-year mandate as President of AIRAH (The Australian Institute of Refrigeration, Air Conditioning and Heating). Dave has paid tribute to Jennifer Pelvin (Chief Executive) and her staff and highlighted the following...
IIR member news: Linde
Linde claims cryogenic freezing allows cookie manufacturers to produce a more consistent product.
New in the Encyclopedia: updated GWP values for HFCs
Find all the GWP values over 100 years and 20 years for hydrofluorocarbon (HFC) refrigerants.
The year 2016: a new year full of opportunity
The year 2016 will be particularly important due to increasing international discussions on the production and consumption of hydrofluorocarbons with high global warming potential.
Review of F-gas regulation - IIR contribution
The IIR has responded to the European Commission consultation “Fluorinated greenhouse gases – review of EU rules (2015-20)” which aims to collect opinions and suggestions about the update of the F-gas Regulation...
Energy efficiency on the agenda for discussion during Montreal Protocol meetings in Vienna
Focus on the fruitful workshop on "the energy efficiency opportunities while phasing down hydrofluorocarbons (HFCs)", which preceded the 40th meeting of the Open-ended Working Group (OEWG40) of the Parties to the Montreal Protocol on Substances...
Driving Consistent and High-Quality Training on Alternative Refrigerants Across Europe
Real Alternatives is driving consistent and high-quality training on low-GWP alternative refrigerants across Europe, providing a comprehensive certification system to support the transition away from fluorinated...
Expo Froid - A public exhibition dedicated to refrigeration
From December 5, 2017 to September 16, 2018 a staggering 250,000 visitors explored the “Expo Froid” (Cold Exhibition) at the Cité des Sciences et de l'Industrie.
IIR Working Group on the Cold Chain in Warm Countries appoints a new chairperson
Newly appointed chairperson, Halima Thraya, will oversee and coordinate the various efforts and projects carried out by the Working Group.
Heat pumps, the central theme of the recent IIR Congress
An overview of the research carried out in the field of heat pumps, with the aim of achieving greater flexibility and increased energy efficiency, in particular through to the use of thermal energy...
Obituary: Per-Oskar Persson
The former Managing Director of Frigoscandia AB, Per-Oskar Persson of Helsingborg, Sweden passed away on August 26, 2008, at the age of 84. He was an Honorary Member of IIR, President of Commission D1, 1971 - 1979, and Head of Section D 1979 -...
Encyclopedia of Refrigeration
6 results
Liquefied Natural Gas: production process and cold energy recovery
Liquefied natural gas (LNG) is natural gas that has been cooled to about -160 °C and turned into a liquid to facilitate transportation and storage. A typical LNG supply chain...
Cold storage conditions for fruits and vegetables
Practical recommendations for the cold storage of over 200 cultivars of fruits, vegetables and herbs (storage temperatures, relative humidity, storage time, controlled atmosphere...
Global warming potential (GWP) of HFC refrigerants
Using the latest updated data from UNEP’s RTOC 2022 report, we have compiled the 100-year GWP and 20-year GWP values of hydrofluorocarbon-based (HFC) refrigerants. Our table includes...
Cryogenic nitrogen in the food and beverage industry
The adoption of cryogenic processes in the food and beverage industry is predominantly driven by liquid nitrogen (LIN), and it is the preferred candidate for food chilling and...
Hydrocarbon refrigerants
Hydrocarbons such as R290 (propane), R600a (isobutane) or R1270 (propene/propylene) are low GWP non-toxic natural refrigerants with excellent thermodynamic properties. They offer an...
Additive manufacturing of regenerators for caloric cooling
In many areas of engineering, additive manufacturing allows the production of complex and multifunctional products that could not be manufactured using traditional methods. In the...
Events
1 result
Other event
15th IEA Heat Pump Conference
May 26, 2026 - May 29, 2026
Vienna, Austria
Join the 15th IEA Heat Pump Conference, which will take place in Vienna, Austria,from May 26-29, 2026! The 15th IEA Heat Pump Conference, co-sponsored by IIR,...
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