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IIR document
An improved approach to model compressors, condenser/gas cooler and their control system in refrigeration systems with R404A and R744 based on physical principles.
CO2 gas cooler performance on-site.
New CO2 gas cooler for dry and wet operation.
Multi-physics simulation of CO2 gas coolers using equivalence modelling.
Numerical simulation of cooling performance of an exhaust gas recirculation (EGR) cooler using nano-fluids.
Gas cooler with reduced pipe to pipe heat conduction.
Gas cooler heat driven sub-cooling system for CO2 chillers.
Development and validation of a CO2 gas cooler moving-boundary model.
Emeritus: the new condenser/CO2 gas cooler/dry cooler that minimizes energy consumption.
Multi-physics simulation of a CO2 gas cooler.
CO2 gas coolers circuitry optimization accounting for fin conduction.
Experimental investigation of the performance of finned tube CO2 refrigeration gas coolers.
Performance improvement of a transcritical CO2 refrigeration cycle using two-stage thermoelectric modules in sub-cooler and gas cooler.
Design and integration of CO2 gas cooler/condenser in a refrigeration system.
CO2 evaporative condensers and gas coolers enable efficient CO2 refrigeration application worldwide.
Refrigeration sector monitoring
37 results
Briefs: Danfoss
Danfoss has won the 2004 AHR Expo Innovation Award in the refrigeration category for its TN hermetic compressor for CO2. The Innovation Awards, jointly sponsored by ASHRAE and ARI, are designed to encourage innovation and recognise significant...
R&D
The US Department of Energy's National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL) has developed a new air-conditioning system combining membranes, evaporative coolers and desiccants into a single device with the objective to suit to all climates,...
Residential CO2 heat pump system for combined space heating and hot water heating
This paper was presented at the IIR Gustav Lorentzen Conference in Glasgow (Sep. 2004). A theoretical and experimental study was carried out for a residential brine-to-water CO2 heat pump system for combined space heating and hot water heating - a...
Prototype wine cooler using magnetic refrigeration
A prototype wine cooler using magnetocaloric technology was presented at the Consumer Electronics Show in Las Vegas in January 2015.
Briefs: Cool logistics
Carrier Transicold has launched NaturaLINE, a range of refrigerated-container technology using natural refrigerants claimed to be the first in the world. Working with Hapag-Lloyd, a Hamburg-based shipping company, Carrier has been testing the...
Briefs: Cooling the Venus rover
One of the main technical challenges in sending a probe on Venus is the searing temperatures on the planet's surface: 450°C, enough to melt lead! Several probes landed on Venus in the 1970s and early 1980s, but never lasted more than two hours....
Briefs: CO2 heat pumps in a retirement home
Villa Laura, a retirement home near Florence, Italy, is equipped with 4 water/water ground-water heat pumps operating with a transcritical CO2 cycle providing heating, air conditioning and hot water. This technology is already used to produce hot...
Development and evaluation of a reversible CO2 residential air conditioning system compared to a state-of-the art R410a unit
This paper was presented at the IIR Gustav Lorentzen Conference in Glasgow (Sep. 2004). A reversible CO2 prototype RAC split unit system was designed, built and installed in two calorimetric test chambers. The unit is based on the Lorentzen Cycle...
Marine refrigeration
The use of natural refrigerants is gradually spreading. Here are two examples of their use in the marine sector: - Environmentally-friendly fish transport American Freedom is one of the world's largest refrigerated ships and can hold up to...
Alternative Cooling Technologies conference, London, 1st February 2005
This conference, which was co-sponsored by the UK Institute of Refrigeration and organised commercially by RAC magazine, was well attended with about 140 people present. It was arranged in five sessions. In the first session, speakers from UK...
Unprecedented images from the centre of our galaxy
The James Webb Space Telescope shows images of the centre of the Milky Way, thanks to its state-of-the-art infrared detectors, which need to be cryogenically cooled to operate...
Cryogenics: A new cryocooler
A new cryocooler has been demonstrated at the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) that combines small-size, rapid cooling, low temperatures and high efficiency. It is a "pulse tube" design that uses oscillating helium gas to...
Optical refrigeration
A team in New Mexico University has created the first-ever optical cryocooler that could be applied to airborne and spaceborne sensors. It uses optical refrigeration which could enable miniaturization, an alternative to bulky mechanical...
Superconductivity for aircrafts?
NASA recently published plans for the development of aircraft using superconductivity for a time frame around 2030. This could allow for noise reduction, improved carbon footprint and energy savings. The main advantage of HTS machines is that they...
Germany: Blue Angel ecolabel now includes heat pumps and liquid coolers
The 2023 edition of the German “Blue Angel” ecolabel now includes domestic heat pumps and “liquid coolers”.
IIR news
10 results
News from IIR members: Alfa Laval
Two major Belgian supermarket chains have recently ordered Alfa Laval's air gas coolers, and three of them have already been installed. Both supermarkets were specifically searching for cooling systems compatible with CO2 to reduce their energy...
ICR 2011 in Prague: a Resounding Success
The 23rd IIR International Congress of Refrigeration held in Prague, on August 21-26, 2011, was highly successful...
IIR member news: Cooltech
The €1.7m MagFreeG project has just been granted to the French company Cooltech Applications by the European Union through CIP Eco-innovation program.
Download the latest technical papers from the IIR Cryogenics Conference
Held on 8-11 April this year, the 15th IIR Cryogenics Conference welcomed over 120 guests from more than 22 countries.
New in our Encyclopedia: cryogenics in the pharmaceutical industry
This summary document presents the potential applications of liquid cryogens in the pharmaceutical sector.
Call for abstracts now open: Cryogenics Conference 2021
The Programme Committee of the 16th IIR Conference on Cryogenics kindly invites authors to submit their abstracts by February 10, 2021!
4th IIR Conference on Thermophysical Properties and Transfer Process of Refrigerants: a very successful event
The 4th IIR Conference on Thermophysical Properties and Transfer Process of Refrigerants (TPTPR) was held at TU Delft, the Netherlands, on June 16-19, 2013. 4 keynote lectures and 66 papers were presented during this highy successful...
Walk-In Cold Rooms: A Practitioner’s Technical Guide
In many developing countries, agriculture is crucial to livelihoods, and developing the cold chain from field to table can boost incomes and stimulate economic growth. Cold stores are an essential link in the...
IC2015 Workshops: An opportunity to join, share and build together
ICR2015: A chance to actively participate in the innovation of refrigeration.
The long awaited ICR2015 is underway!
Held every four years, this year ICR2015 welcomes 1,011 conference delegates from 55 countries, making it a truly global refrigeration event.
Encyclopedia of Refrigeration
6 results
Cryogenics in the pharmaceutical industry: drug design and bioavailability improvement
Research activities in the pharmaceutical sector focus primarily on developing novel drug formulations which can elicit the desired response upon being administered to the patient...
Hydrocarbon refrigerants
Hydrocarbons such as R290 (propane), R600a (isobutane) or R1270 (propene/propylene) are low GWP non-toxic natural refrigerants with excellent thermodynamic properties. They offer an...
Liquefied Natural Gas: production process and cold energy recovery
Liquefied natural gas (LNG) is natural gas that has been cooled to about -160 °C and turned into a liquid to facilitate transportation and storage. A typical LNG supply chain...
Cryogenic nitrogen in the food and beverage industry
The adoption of cryogenic processes in the food and beverage industry is predominantly driven by liquid nitrogen (LIN), and it is the preferred candidate for food chilling and...
Ice cream manufacturing, environmental impact and market data
From a physico-chemical point of view, ice cream is a complex, frozen multiphase mixture. The manufacturing process includes several stages of freezing which are described in this...
Environmental impact of the ice cream industry
This summary document describes the environmental impact of ice cream manufacturing, which is mainly due to the energy consumption and refrigerants used.
