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Energetic assessment of syngas fuel for regenerative gas turbine power plants.
Modeling of syngas integrated regenerative gas turbine power plants.
Current and future role of natural gas supply chains in the transition to a low-carbon hydrogen economy: a comprehensive review on integrated natural gas supply chain optimisation models.
Large eddy simulation of flow and heat transfer in a ribbed channel for the internal cooling passage of a gas turbine blade: a review.
IIR document
Cryogenic CO2 condensation and membrane separation of syngas for large-scale LH2 production.
Methanol, a plugin marine fuel for green house gas reduction—A review.
Application of vortex and pulsation coolers in technologies of rare gases extraction.
Optimal process synthesis for refrigeration system of associated gas low-temperature condensation plant.
Review of Advanced Effusive Cooling for Gas Turbine Blades.
The potential role of Egypt as a natural gas supplier: A review.
Advancements and challenges of ammonia as a sustainable fuel for the maritime industry.
Review of Film Cooling in Gas Turbines with an Emphasis on Additive Manufacturing-Based Design Evolutions.
Recommended by the IIR
Updated Global Warming Potentials and Radiative Efficiencies of Halocarbons and Other Weak Atmospheric Absorbers
Experimental investigations on cooling heat transfer of CO2-lubricant mixtures in horizontal tubes at supercritical pressure: A review.
Review on absorption refrigeration technology and its potential in energy-saving and carbon emission reduction in natural gas and hydrogen liquefaction.
Refrigeration sector monitoring
22 results
France: the government recently published several documents on HFC regulations (in French)
On November 22, 2017, the French Ministry of Ecological and Solidarity-based Transition (Ministère de la Transition énergétique et solidaire) published two documents which summarise the different regulations on HFCs at different levels...
Cryogenic carbon capture technologies
Cryogenic carbon capture is in the early stages of development, however, several projects have achieved a Technology Readiness Level (TRL) of 6, for applications such as blue...
Absorption refrigeration offers an energy-efficient alternative for natural gas and hydrogen liquefaction
According to a review article published in Energies, absorption refrigeration integrated into the liquefaction processes could reduce power consumption and carbon emissions by up to a third for natural gas...
First liquefied hydrogen carrier launched in Japan
In line with its commitment to pave the way for the first "Hydrogen Society", Japan intends to use this carrier to transport hydrogen from Australia, where it is produced from lignite.
R1234yf as a working fluid in Organic Rankine Cycle systems
A recent review article presented the use of HFO R1234yf and its mixtures in Organic Rankine Cycle (ORC) systems, namely in applications for waste heat recovery from internal...
Low GWP blends for domestic air conditioning
A review article presents the latest research trends on low GWP refrigerants, mainly HFC/HFO blends, for domestic air conditioning.
EU on track with the HFC phase-down under the F-gas Regulation
According to EEA’s Fluorinated greenhouse gases report 2024, HFCs in 2023 were 5% below the maximum quantity allowed to be placed on the EU market by the F-gas...
Reducing the environmental impact of ultra-low temperature refrigeration systems
Ultra-low temperature (ULT) refrigeration systems often use very high-GWP HFCs. Yet, ULT systems are excluded from the scope of the regulations aimed at phasing-down HFCs. An IJR paper reviews the most promising...
The world’s first liquified hydrogen carrier ship en route from Japan to Australia
Since the end of December 2021, the world’s first liquefied hydrogen (LH2) carrier, the “Suiso Frontier”, is achieving its first round trip between Japan and Australia. The voyage is...
Road to COP28. How can we achieve sustainability in gas processing and liquefaction?
In gas processing plants, focus should be set on non-flaring operation and reduction of releases caused by leaks, says Dr Heinz Bauer, IIR expert....
Refrigerated transport: innovations and challenges for sustainability
Review of the most promising technologies for refrigerated transport: vapour compression systems with natural refrigerants, photovoltaic systems with electrical energy storage,...
Recent advances in hydrogen liquefaction and storage
Several review articles present a comprehensive overview of the liquid hydrogen supply chain. IIR members Linde and Air Liquide are contributing to address the global demand for...
Temperature control and sustainability, the challenges of 3D meat printing
Temperature control is a key factor that still limits the application of 3D printing in the meat industry, according to recent scientific publications.
The LNG-fuelled fleet continues to grow
According to the maritime classification and consultancy company DNV, orders for LNG-fuelled ships remained high in 2022, close to the record figure of 2021. The use of LNG as a...
Natural refrigerants power the transition to climate-friendly transport refrigeration
Refrigerated transport is essential to global food and pharmaceutical supply chains – but it’s also a hidden source of greenhouse gas emissions. As climate targets tighten and refrigerants face regulatory...
IIR news
13 results
LNG fundamentals explained in the Encyclopedia of refrigeration
The latest entry in the IIR’s online Encyclopedia of refrigeration is a thematic file presenting LNG production processes, and cold energy recovery applications.
Press release: The International Institute of Refrigeration produces five Cold Chain Technology Briefs in partnership with UN Environment OzonAction
The IIR commissioned several of its experts in their capacity as presidents of an IIR section, an IIR commission and as an IIR member to produce five Cold Chain Technology Briefs in partnership with UN Environment OzonAction.
MOP37 Highlights
The 37th meeting of the Conference of the Parties to the Montreal Protocol (MOP37) were held in Nairobi, Kenya from 1 November to 7 November 2025.
New in our Encyclopedia. Cryogenic nitrogen in the food and beverage industry
This summary document presents the applications of cryogenic nitrogen in the food and beverage industry .
New in our Encyclopedia: cryogenics in the pharmaceutical industry
This summary document presents the potential applications of liquid cryogens in the pharmaceutical sector.
New IIR Informatory Note on Containment of Refrigerants
Currently available for IIR members only, the 24th IIR Informatory Note “Containment of Refrigerants within Refrigeration, Air Conditioning and Heat Pump Systems” is out.
New IIR Informatory Note on “Qualification and Certification of Refrigeration Technicians”
The 28th IIR Informatory Note summarizes global, regional and national standards and regulations relative to the qualification and certification of refrigerating systems personnel.
FRIDOC now features a selection of MDPI articles on refrigeration
About 150 articles from MDPI journals, including review articles on various refrigeration technologies, are available in FRIDOC.
Discover what’s new on HFCs
The IIR expands its information services in HFCs
IIR in Bangkok: Highlights from COP13/MOP36 and the World Cold Chain Symposium
IIR actively participated in the COP13/MOP36 and 2024 World Cold Chain Symposium events organised in Bangkok, Thailand, from 26 October to 1 November, hosting two side events and promoting solutions for...
Walk-In Cold Rooms: A Practitioner’s Technical Guide
In many developing countries, agriculture is crucial to livelihoods, and developing the cold chain from field to table can boost incomes and stimulate economic growth. Cold stores are an essential link in the...
Discover the 32nd IIR Informatory Note on the “Harmonization of Life Cycle Climate Performance Methodology”
This Informatory Note summarises the LCCP guidelines prepared by the Working Group. It provides recommended assumptions and data sources for different types of units, presents the various existing LCCP tools and outlines usages and limitations of...
IIR publishes a new Technical Brief: Domestic heat pumps using hydrocarbons - Current status and market overview in Europe
At a time when the energy transition is at the top of the global agenda, the IIR is publishing a new Technical Brief on domestic hydrocarbon heat pumps. This strategic document...
Encyclopedia of Refrigeration
5 results
Liquefied Natural Gas: production process and cold energy recovery
Liquefied natural gas (LNG) is natural gas that has been cooled to about -160 °C and turned into a liquid to facilitate transportation and storage. A typical LNG supply chain...
Cryogenics in the pharmaceutical industry: drug design and bioavailability improvement
Research activities in the pharmaceutical sector focus primarily on developing novel drug formulations which can elicit the desired response upon being administered to the patient...
Cryogenic nitrogen in the food and beverage industry
The adoption of cryogenic processes in the food and beverage industry is predominantly driven by liquid nitrogen (LIN), and it is the preferred candidate for food chilling and...
Hydrocarbon refrigerants
Hydrocarbons such as R290 (propane), R600a (isobutane) or R1270 (propene/propylene) are low GWP non-toxic natural refrigerants with excellent thermodynamic properties. They offer an...
Additive manufacturing of heat exchangers
In the refrigeration industry, additive manufacturing (colloquially referred to as “3D printing”) makes it possible to fabricate novel, complex and potentially more energy efficient...
