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How Blockchain and IoT Applications are Transforming the Cold Chain.

• Author(s) : RAMACHANDRAN M.
• Publication date: 2018/06
• Languages : English
• Keywords : Technology, Generality, Safety, Economy, Cold chain, Monitoring, Information technology, Cost
• Source: Air Conditioning and Refrigeration Journal, Cold Chain - vol. 9 - n. 2
• Formats : PDF

Herramienta on-line para la resolución de problemas de frío: CuadernoDeProblemas.

On-line tool for solving refrigeration problems: CuadernoDeProblemas.

• Author(s) : CORONEL J. F., PÉREZ-LOMBARD L., MAESTRE I.
• Publication date: 2018/06/19
• Languages : Spanish
• Keywords : Spain, Refrigeration, Generality, Information technology, Case study, School
• Source: CYTEF 2018. IX Congreso Ibérico y VII Congreso Iberoamericano de Ciencias y Técnicas del Frío, Valencia, España, 19-21 junio 2018.
• Formats : PDF

Liquid-cooled IT equipment in data centers.

• Author(s) : SORELL V., CARTER B., ZEIGHAMI R., et al.
• Publication date: 2015/12
• Languages : English
• Keywords : Data centre, Comparison, Liquid, Design, Cooling, Performance, Information technology
• Source: ASHRAE Journal - vol. 57 - n. 12

Smart buildings - integrating traditional building systems with enterprise IT systems.

• Author(s) : KONDEPUDI S.
• Publication date: 2013/06/16
• Languages : English
• Keywords : Building, Ventilation, Information technology, Energy saving, Lighting, Air conditioning
• Source: Clima 2013. 11th REHVA World Congress and 8th International Conference on Indoor Air Quality, Ventilation and Energy Conservation in Buildings.
• Formats : PDF

Simulateur de pannes dans les montages à contacteurs couplés aux appareils de régulation d'une installation frigorifique.

Failure simulator in fittings where contactors are paired with control devices in a refrigerating plant.

• Author(s) : BOUZRARA A., NEHDI E.
• Publication date: 2016/03/24
• Languages : French
• Keywords : Control (automatic), Simulation, Failure, Engine, Refrigerating plant, Information technology
• Source: 1st International Refrigeration, Energy and Environment Colloquium. Proceedings: Hammamet, Tunisia, March 24-27, 2016.
• Formats : PDF

An aiding tool for building design generation, thermal assessment and optimization: EnergyPlus interaction overview.

• Author(s) : FERNANDES M., RODRIGUES E., RODRIGUES GASPAR A., et al.
• Publication date: 2018/06/19
• Languages : English
• Keywords : Floor, Building, Design, Simulation, Optimization, Information technology, Thermal comfort
• Source: CYTEF 2018. IX Congreso Ibérico y VII Congreso Iberoamericano de Ciencias y Técnicas del Frío, Valencia, España, 19-21 junio 2018.
• Formats : PDF

Data mining of smart WiFi thermostats to develop multiple zonal dynamic energy and comfort models of a residential building.

• Author(s) : HUANG K., ALANEZI a., HALLINAN K. P., et al.
• Publication date: 2018/07/09
• Languages : English
• Keywords : Thermostat, Temperature, Prediction, Modelling, Information technology, Residential building, Energy saving
• Source: 2018 Purdue Conferences. 5^th International High Performance Buildings Conference at Purdue.
• Formats : PDF

IIR document

Quality monitoring in cold-chain of leafy vegetables converging ICT.

• Author(s) : KIM B. S., KIM J. Y., KIM J. H., et al.
• Publication date: 2016/04/07
• Languages : English
• Keywords : Green vegetable, RFID, Cold chain, Quality, Monitoring, Prediction, Vegetable, Information technology, Distribution
• Source: 4^th IIR International Conference on Sustainability and the Cold Chain. Proceedings: Auckland, New Zealand, April 7-9, 2016.
• Formats : PDF

CFD Modeling of Pressure Drop through an OCP Server for Data Center Applications.

Modélisation CFD de la chute de pression dans un serveur OCP pour les applications de centre de données.

• Author(s) : DOGAN A., YILMAZ S., KUZAY M., YILMAZ C., DEMIREL E.
• Publication date: 2022/09
• Languages : English
• Keywords : Data centre, Modelling, CFD, Pressure drop, Simulation, Thermodynamic property, Information technology, Cooling
• Source: Energies - 15 - 17
• Formats : PDF

Recommended by the IIR / IIR document

Cold room control, efficiency and analysis based on IoT connected cloud services.

• Author(s) : ALBETS-CHICO X., MORENO P., ROVIRA R., PALOMINO X., GONZALEZ M. A.
• Publication date: 2020/08/26
• Languages : English
• Keywords : Cold room, Supermarket, Energy efficiency, Internet of Things, Database, Programming, Information technology, Traceability
• Source: 6^th IIR International Conference on Sustainability and the Cold Chain. Proceedings: Nantes, France, August 26-28 2020
• Formats : PDF

IIR document

A comparison of the energy and exergy performance of R1234yf and R134a in a compression stage using computational intelligence techniques.

• Author(s) : BARROSO-MALDONADO J. M., BELMAN-FLORES J. M., GALLEGOS-MUÑOZ A., et al.
• Publication date: 2018/09
• Languages : English
• Keywords : R134a, R1234yf, Exergy, Substitute, Information technology, Expérimentation, Energy efficiency, Thermal load, Reciprocating compressor
• Source: 1^st IIR international conference on the application of HFO refrigerants, Birmingham, September 2-5 2018.
• Formats : PDF

Weld shape optimization for pillow plate heat exchangers.

• Author(s) : ELDEEB R., LING J., AUTE V., et al.
• Publication date: 2018/07/09
• Languages : English
• Keywords : Heat transfer coefficient, Geometry, CFD, Simulation, Optimization, Miniaturization, Information technology, Heat exchanger, Plate exchanger, Pressure drop
• Source: 2018 Purdue Conferences. 17^th International Refrigeration and Air-Conditioning Conference at Purdue.
• Formats : PDF

Report of the UNEP Technology and Economic Assessment Panel. Decision XXVI / 9 Task Force Report Additional Information on Alternatives to ODS ( Extract for OEWG-35).

• Author(s) : ONU Environnement (ex-PNUE)
• Publication date: 2015/04
• Languages : English
• Formats : PDF

Renewables 2018 global status report. A comprehensive annual overview of the state of renewable energy.

• Author(s) : REN21
• Publication date: 2018
• Languages : English
• Keywords : Renewable energy, Regulations, Electricity, Economy, Electric vehicle, Transport, Energy storage, Statistics, Heat pump, World, Information technology, Solar energy, Energy efficiency, Heating
• Formats : PDF

Report of the UNEP Technology and Economic Assessment Panel. Volume 1. Decision XXVII / 4 Task Force Update Report Further Information on Alternatives to Ozone-Depleting Substances.

• Author(s) : ONU Environnement (ex-PNUE)
• Publication date: 2016/09
• Languages : English
• Formats : PDF

Submersion cooling: a solution for the IT industry?

With the data centre industry growing by 12% annually, saving energy required for cooling is becoming a crucial issue and new options are being explored such as free-cooling, thermal energy storage or various means of liquid cooling, including...

• Publication date : 2014/06/04

Improving cooling towers' efficiency

An article published in Water Technology provides information on cooling towers and their operation.

• Publication date : 2018/01/19

Successful test of a dilution refrigerator for quantum computers

IBM scientists have succeeded in cooling a quantum computer chip to a temperature of 25 mK using a large-scale dilution refrigerator. 

• Publication date : 2022/10/27
• Subjects: Technology

Nanotechnoly: what’s new?

Nanotechnology - the manipulation of cell and atomic structure in materials no larger than a billionth of a metre in size - has recently been described by Frank O'Brien-Bernini, Vice President of Owens Corning Science & Technology Center, as...

• Publication date : 2006/07/26

Chillers: efficiency takes off

Chillers are key refrigerating systems since, according to the Department of Energy, in the US, they account for about 13% of the power consumed by the nation's buildings and 9% of the overall demand for electric power. Examples below illustrate...

• Publication date : 2008/10/25

Legionnaires’ disease

Two outbreaks of Legionnaires' disease are in the news: - Thirteen deaths have occurred among 85 patients who contracted Legionnaires' disease in the northern French prefecture of Pas-de-Calais. The main cause of the outbreak is a cooling tower at...

• Publication date : 2004/04/28

PRWs: an expanding market

A greater demand for cold store facilities, in particular in dairy production, has boosted the expanding market for public refrigerated warehouses (PRWs). The storage capacity in the US is 3.1 billion cubic feet, almost double that which was...

• Publication date : 2005/09/30

The Air conditioning and Refrigeration Institute (ARI) issued a white paper on Energy Recovery Ventilation (ERV).

The white paper, entitled "Characterizing the efficiency of energy recovery ventilation and informing the design of HVAC systems", supplements the ARI guideline V: "Calculating the Efficiency of Energy Recovery Ventilation and its Effect on...

• Publication date : 2004/05/18

Course on fruit and vegetables preservation

The Postharvest and Refrigeration Group of the Technical University of Cartagena (Spain) offers the second International Course on Postharvest Technology and Minimal Processing of Fruit and Vegetables, from 23 to 29 April 2008. The Chair of the...

• Publication date : 2008/02/26

Journey to Net Zero Heating and Cooling, Beyond Refrigeration – Call for abstracts

The Institute of Refrigeration will be holding an online virtual conference on 21st and 22nd April. 

• Publication date : 2020/11/25

Trends

- World: China and Denmark are the world's major reefer container manufacturers, and the refrigerating equipment used in China is generally US technology produced under licence in China . In 2002, over 80% of all reefer containers produced...

• Publication date : 2005/06/14

Cryogenic carbon capture technologies

Cryogenic carbon capture is in the early stages of development, however, several projects have achieved a Technology Readiness Level (TRL) of 6, for applications such as blue...

• Publication date : 2022/04/29
• Subjects: Environment, Technology

Germany: Fluorinated Greenhouse Gases in Products and Processes - Technical Climate Protection Measures – Report

Early 2004, the German Environment Agency published a report on fluorinated gases. Fluorinated gases covered in the German Climate Protection Programme are HFCs, PFCs and SF6. The German government first introduced a Climate Protection Programme...

• Publication date : 2004/11/19

Growing interest in CO2 technology

Scientists and refrigeration practitioners are increasingly interested in carbon dioxide (CO2) technology. The IIR's Fridoc database contains 198 references to articles mentioning CO2 in their titles and 448 containing the term CO2 in the key...

• Publication date : 2004/04/28

New evaporative cooling system for more energy efficient data centres

A dew point cooling system, which is an indirect evaporative cooling system that approaches the dew point, has reduced the electricity consumption of a UK data centre by 80%. 

• Publication date : 2021/12/15
• Subjects: Technology

New IIR Informatory Note on caloric cooling technologies 

IIR’s 50th Informatory Note on refrigeration technologies focuses on three promising alternative solid-state cooling technologies: magnetocaloric, electrocaloric and...

• Publication date : 2022/12/15
• Subjects: Technology

Discover the Encyclopedia of Refrigeration

The IIR is proud to present the newest addition to its portfolio of scientific information products; the Encyclopedia of Refrigeration.

• Publication date : 2022/07/01
• Subjects: General information, Figures, economy, Technology

Cooling Matters: World Refrigeration Day Announces 2022 Theme

Celebrated on and around June 26 each year, World Refrigeration Day aims to raise awareness among the wider public about the importance of refrigeration technologies in everyday life.

• Publication date : 2022/03/10
• Subjects: Environment, General information, Technology

IIR committees meetings in Cambridge

The Management Committee of the IIR met in Cambridge (UK) on March 19, 2005. It was invited by the UK Institute of Refrigeration and Cambridge Refrigeration Technology (CRT), thanks to Robert Heap. The main points discussed during were: - the...

• Publication date : 2005/06/14

Editorial by Didier Coulomb

A new year is beginning. Perhaps it will be a difficult year because the economic crisis is far from over. A lot of challenges and maybe opportunities lie ahead, because the refrigeration and air-conditioning sector, which needs to address...

• Publication date : 2011/02/07

Conference update: Ohrid

The 3rd IIR event in a series, Ammonia Refrigeration Technology was held on May 7-9, 2009, in Ohrid, Macedonia. With 95 participants from 24 countries and 32 papers presented, the event was very successful. A key focus of this series of...

• Publication date : 2009/05/27

News from IIR members: Linde

Linde is older than the IIR! 125 Years of Linde, a fine document tracing the origins and subsequent expansion of the company, includes fascinating information on Carl von Linde and his first machines, brewery technology, air liquefaction, oxygen...

• Publication date : 2008/08/12

Conference reports: Sydney

The 9th IIR-Gustav Lorentzen Conference on Natural Working Fluids was held in Sydney, Australia, on April 12-14, 2010. Almost 200 participants from 28 countries were able to gain an insight into this increasingly mature technology. The proceedings...

• Publication date : 2011/02/04

The Beijing Congress

The 22nd IIR International Congress of Refrigeration will be held in Beijing, China, on August 21-26, 2007. IIR congresses are held every 4 years in various parts of the world, showing the global influence of the IIR. The previous event was held...

• Publication date : 2007/05/04

The Beijing Congress

The 22nd IIR International Congress of Refrigeration will be held in Beijing, China, on August 21-26, 2007. IIR congresses are held every 4 years in various parts of the world, showing the global influence of the IIR. The previous event was held...

• Publication date : 2007/05/04

Here are the latest IIR award-winners!

Once every 4 years during each International Congress of Refrigeration, the IIR presents a series of prestigious scientific awards:. Gustav Lorentzen Medal: the prize is awarded to a person with...

• Publication date : 2011/09/15

COOL-SAVE Workshop on July 10, 2014 in Lleida, Spain

On July 10, 2014, the COOL-SAVE consortium will hold an workshop at the Lleida Commerce and Industry Chamber in Spain.

• Publication date : 2014/07/09

Magnetic refrigeration: a promising technology

The IIR decided, a few years ago, to set up a Working Party on Magnetic Refrigeration at Room Temperature, and has organized 4 conferences: in 2005 in Switzerland, in 2007 in Slovenia, in 2009 in the USA, in 2010 in China. We published articles in...

• Publication date : 2011/02/07

IIR Research Priorities

The IIR decided, within the framework of its Strategic Plan, to draw up a list of research priorities for the future. It hopes that these priorities will be a valuable guiding force for decision-makers in the public and private research sectors,...

• Publication date : 2005/07/19

IIR Working Party on Refrigerant Charge Reduction in Refrigerating Systems: Join Us!

Suitable design of refrigerating systems has several benefits in terms of limitation of the environmental impact thanks to a reduction in the energy consumption and the limitation of refrigerant emissions. The direct greenhouse effect accounts for...

• Publication date : 2008/10/25

Cryogenic nitrogen in the food and beverage industry

The adoption of cryogenic processes in the food and beverage industry is predominantly driven by liquid nitrogen (LIN), and it is the preferred candidate for food chilling and...

• Last update : 2023/06/09
• Langues : French, English
• Themes : Freezing of foodstuffs

Environmental impact of the ice cream industry

This summary document describes the environmental impact of ice cream manufacturing, which is mainly due to the energy consumption and refrigerants used.

• Last update : 2022/11/17
• Langues : French, English
• Themes : General information on environment (climate change, ozone depletion…)

Ice cream manufacturing, environmental impact and market data

From a physico-chemical point of view, ice cream is a complex, frozen multiphase mixture. The manufacturing process includes several stages of freezing which are described in this...

• Last update : 2023/06/30
• Langues : French, English
• Themes : Ice creams

Liquefied Natural Gas: production process and cold energy recovery

Liquefied natural gas (LNG) is natural gas that has been cooled to about -160 °C and turned into a liquid to facilitate transportation and storage. A typical LNG supply chain...

• Last update : 2023/06/23
• Langues : French, English
• Themes : LNG and LPG

Cold storage conditions for fruits and vegetables

Practical recommendations for the cold storage of over 200 cultivars of fruits, vegetables and herbs (storage temperatures, relative humidity, storage time, controlled atmosphere...

• Last update : 2023/01/16
• Langues : French, English
• Themes : Fruit, Vegetables

Additive manufacturing of heat exchangers

In the refrigeration industry, additive manufacturing (colloquially referred to as “3D printing”) makes it possible to fabricate novel, complex and potentially more energy efficient...

• Last update : 2022/09/07
• Langues : French, English
• Themes : Evaporators, condensers and other heat exchangers

Cryogenics in the pharmaceutical industry: drug design and bioavailability improvement

Research activities in the pharmaceutical sector focus primarily on developing novel drug formulations which can elicit the desired response upon being administered to the patient...

• Last update : 2023/03/10
• Langues : French, English
• Themes : Freeze-drying in biology and medicine, Cryobiology, cryomedicine: general information

Hydrocarbon refrigerants

Hydrocarbons such as R290 (propane), R600a (isobutane) or R1270 (propene/propylene) are low GWP non-toxic natural refrigerants with excellent thermodynamic properties. They offer an...

• Last update : 2022/06/22
• Langues : French, English
• Themes : Hydrocarbons, Containment, refrigerant charge reduction

Additive manufacturing of regenerators for caloric cooling

In many areas of engineering, additive manufacturing allows the production of complex and multifunctional products that could not be manufactured using traditional methods. In the...

• Last update : 2022/09/16
• Langues : French, English
• Themes : Caloric cooling (magnetocaloric, electrocaloric, elastocaloric and barocaloric cooling)