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  • Revising A3 refrigerants charge limits to promote wider application

    A recent IJR paper examines the validity and form of charge limits for “highly flammable” A3 refrigerants, which constitute low-GWP alternatives to HFCs. Authors propose to eliminate upper charge limits for...

    • Publication date : 2020/06/30
    • Subjects: HFCs alternatives
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  • ICCC2016 highlights: low charge ammonia systems for the cold chain

    This summary refers to a paper presented during the IIR International Cold Chain Conference (ICCC2016) which took place in New Zealand. This paper can be downloaded from Fridoc database by using the direct link provided at the end of the article.

    • Publication date : 2016/08/24
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  • UK: low-charge ammonia frozen food storage

    The refrigerant charge on previous ammonia plant which was an estimated 5,000 kg has been reduced to just 188 kg

    • Publication date : 2015/06/30
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  • LG unveils world's largest home refrigerator

    LG Electronics claims to have launched the world's largest home refrigerator. It has 4 doors and an internal storage capacity of 910 litres, this being 40 litres more than the largest previously existing models.

    • Publication date : 2012/12/17
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  • Frozen food market in Argentina

    The Argentinian frozen food market had total revenues of USD 236.3 million in 2012, representing a compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of 15.9% between 2008 and 2012.

    • Publication date : 2013/10/21
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  • Largest US cold storage distribution centre

    In the USA, AM King has begun construction of the largest cold storage distribution centre in the country.

    • Publication date : 2012/04/25
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  • Briefs: Largest climatic laboratory

    The McKinley Climatic Laboratory, located in the US Air Force Eglin Base in Florida, USA, which began testing in 1947, is the largest climate testing facility in the world. The temperature inside the 77 x 61 x 21 m hangar, with a 4700 m² base...

    • Publication date : 2011/02/11
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  • USA's largest ground-source heat pump

    The conversion of Ball State University in Muncie, Indiana, to a geothermal ground-source heat pump, reportedly the largest project of its kind in the USA, has entered its second and final phase.

    • Publication date : 2012/07/24
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  • Largest American rooftop solar installation for cold store

    The largest rooftop solar installation in North America on the roof of Gloucester Marine Terminal’s refrigerated warehouse is to be completed this autumn.

    • Publication date : 2011/09/15
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  • IJR highlights: impacts of refrigerant charge on system performance

    A team from Purdue University recently published* in the International Journal of Refrigeration a study showing the impact of charge level on capacity and efficiency for several heat-pump and air-conditioning units tested at various refrigerant...

    • Publication date : 2013/03/28
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  • Charge minimization in hydrocarbon systems

    This paper was presented at the IIR Gustav Lorentzen Conference in Glasgow (Sep. 2004). It presents the results of the project to minimize charge in a R290 system that has 1-1.5 kW refrigeration capacity. Currently, there are many guidelines...

    • Publication date : 2004/11/24
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  • India’s largest HVAC project

    ETA Engineering is to install the HVAC system in Terminal 3 in Dehli International Airport, at a price of around 100 million USD. Due to be completed in September 2009 and to be handed over in March 2010, the 450 000 m² facility will be cooled by...

    • Publication date : 2008/10/14
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  • Briefs: World's largest food park

    Early 2010, the world's largest food park opened 20 km from Haridwar, Uttarakhand, India. The 95-acre Patanjali Food and Herbal Park is to provide direct employment for 7000 people. The Ministry of Food Processing Industries (MoFPI) plans to set...

    • Publication date : 2011/02/04
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  • Solar cooling for large buildings in South Africa

    A solar cooling solution to reduce energy costs for large buildings by combining high-efficiency chillers with hybrid solar thermal and photovoltaic (PV) technologies has been introduced in South Africa.

    • Publication date : 2013/07/02
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  • Briefs: Largest distribution centre in Africa

    The centre, built by Woolworths in Midrand, South Africa has a surface area of 72 000 m². The 2-stage refrigeration system uses 4.2 tons of ammonia. It operates at -9°C/+32°C on the low stage while the high-stage ammonia circuit is used to chill...

    • Publication date : 2008/02/12
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  • Cryogenic nitrogen in the food and beverage industry

    The adoption of cryogenic processes in the food and beverage industry is predominantly driven by liquid nitrogen (LIN), and it is the preferred candidate for food chilling and...

    • Last update : 2023/11/07
    • Langues : French, English
    • Themes : Freezing of foodstuffs
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  • Cryogenics in the pharmaceutical industry: drug design and bioavailability improvement

    Research activities in the pharmaceutical sector focus primarily on developing novel drug formulations which can elicit the desired response upon being administered to the patient...

    • Last update : 2023/03/10
    • Langues : French, English
    • Themes : Freeze-drying in biology and medicine, Cryobiology, cryomedicine: general information
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  • For IIR members only

    Global cold storage capacity

    This table presents the cold storage capacity in about 50 countries, based on data from the Global Cold Chain Alliance (GCCA).

    • Last update : 2021/12/06
    • Langues : English
    • Themes : Refrigerated storage: economics and statistics
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  • Cold storage conditions for fruits and vegetables

    Practical recommendations for the cold storage of over 200 cultivars of fruits, vegetables and herbs (storage temperatures, relative humidity, storage time, controlled atmosphere...

    • Last update : 2023/01/16
    • Langues : French, English
    • Themes : Fruit, Vegetables
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  • Hydrocarbon refrigerants

    Hydrocarbons such as R290 (propane), R600a (isobutane) or R1270 (propene/propylene) are low GWP non-toxic natural refrigerants with excellent thermodynamic properties. They offer an...

    • Last update : 2022/06/22
    • Langues : French, English
    • Themes : Hydrocarbons, Containment, refrigerant charge reduction
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  • Nanorefrigerants

    Nanorefrigerants are created by adding nanoparticles in suspension to a base refrigerant. They have a thermal conductivity that is 15% to 104% higher than that of the corresponding...

    • Last update : 2022/06/17
    • Langues : English, French
    • Themes : Nanofluids
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  • Thermophysical properties of HFC refrigerants

    Thermophysical properties of over 100 HFC refrigerants, including single-component and blends.

    • Last update : 2022/06/17
    • Langues : English
    • Themes : HFCs, HFO et HCFO, Blends
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  • Thermophysical properties of HFO refrigerants

    Thermophysical properties of over 50 HFO refrigerants, including single-component and blends.

    • Last update : 2022/06/17
    • Langues : English
    • Themes : HFO et HCFO, Blends
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  • Thermophysical properties of hydrocarbon refrigerants

    Thermophysical properties of over 20 hydrocarbon refrigerants, including single-component and blends.

    • Last update : 2022/06/17
    • Langues : English
    • Themes : Hydrocarbons, Blends
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  • Global warming potential (GWP) of HFC refrigerants

    Using the latest updated data from UNEP’s RTOC 2022 report, we have compiled the 100-year GWP and 20-year GWP values of hydrofluorocarbon-based (HFC) refrigerants. Our table includes...

    • Last update : 2023/09/15
    • Langues : French, English
    • Themes : HFCs
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  • Liquefied Natural Gas: production process and cold energy recovery

    Liquefied natural gas (LNG) is natural gas that has been cooled to about -160 °C and turned into a liquid to facilitate transportation and storage. A typical LNG supply chain...

    • Last update : 2023/06/23
    • Langues : French, English
    • Themes : LNG and LPG
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  • Ice cream manufacturing, environmental impact and market data

    From a physico-chemical point of view, ice cream is a complex, frozen multiphase mixture. The manufacturing process includes several stages of freezing which are described in this...

    • Last update : 2023/06/30
    • Langues : French, English
    • Themes : Ice creams
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  • Global HFC emissions from the refrigeration sector

    This table shows HFC emissions from the refrigeration sector – including air conditioning – in million tonnes of CO2 equivalent for about 40 countries that are signatories...

    • Last update : 2022/01/20
    • Langues : English
    • Themes : General information on environment (climate change, ozone depletion…)
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  • Additive manufacturing of regenerators for caloric cooling

    In many areas of engineering, additive manufacturing allows the production of complex and multifunctional products that could not be manufactured using traditional methods. In the...

    • Last update : 2022/09/16
    • Langues : French, English
    • Themes : Caloric cooling (magnetocaloric, electrocaloric, elastocaloric and barocaloric cooling)
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  • Additive manufacturing of heat exchangers

    In the refrigeration industry, additive manufacturing (colloquially referred to as “3D printing”) makes it possible to fabricate novel, complex and potentially more energy efficient...

    • Last update : 2022/09/07
    • Langues : French, English
    • Themes : Evaporators, condensers and other heat exchangers
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