Main menu
Search results
Search in FRIDOC
69 results
IIR document
Dynamic thermal behavior of double skin façade and adjacent interior comfort.
Cryoprotective and antioxidative effects of gelatin hydrolysate from unicorn leatherjacket skin.
The cryopreservation of mice skins for 5 weeks at -20°C and of human skin for 33 years at -196°C.
Difference in skin temp variation during a whole-body cryotherapy exposure in males and females.
Difference in skin temperature variation between whole- and partial-body cryotherapy devices : A new approach to optimized treatment protocols.
Impact of personal characteristics on whole body cryostimulation settings: a numerical simulation study using the FPC model.
Experimental evaluation of partial body cryotherapy unit with gas supply regulation.
A numerical and experimental study on skin condensers applied to household refrigerators.
Cryogenic 3D printing of super soft hydrogels.
Comparative performance analysis of the artificial-intelligence-based thermal control algorithms for the double-skin building.
Analysis on the characteristic of heat absorbed by the pipes in pipe-embedded double-skin façade (PDSF).
Closed cycle cryosurgical device with phase separator and mixed refrigerant.
Loss of mitochondrial function and accumulation of acidic vesicular organelles under low-temperature incubation in HaCaT cells.
Computational fluid dynamics analysis of convective heat transfer coefficients for a sleeping human body.
Assessment of gelatin hydrolysates from threadfin bream (Nemipterus hexodon) skin as a cryoprotectant for denaturation prevention of threadfin bream natural actomyosin subjected to different freeze-thaw cycles.
Refrigeration sector monitoring
350 results
Squid skin inspires research on next-generation space blanket
Next-generation space blankets could be made of a thermoregulatory material inspired by the functioning of squid skin, which changes color.
World chiller market.
The world demand declined in 2015.
The Bank of England overhauls chillers
A new cooling system at the Bank of England building, in the City of London, has saved an estimated 48% on cooling energy, which translates to €190,000 a year.
Treated water for district cooling
In Dubai, Empower claims to have saved 735,000 m3 of fresh water last year by using treated water in its district cooling systems.
2014 world chiller market
Impacted by the economic slowdown in China – the world’s largest chiller market – the global chiller market started to slow and posted a continuous drop in its growth rate.
How to reuse the condensate water from air conditioners?
Review of the different uses of the condensate water rejected by air conditioners.
Some advice for prolonging water chiller life.
Brent Hall, a temperature control specialist, gives six water treatment tips for lasting chillers performances.
The water chillers market within the EMEA (Europe Middle East & Africa) zone
Like in 2013, the largest market is the Middle East (2.57 millions of kW ) followed by Germany (2.48 millions of kW ), France (2.36 millions of kW ) and Italy (2.29 millions of kW ).
How about refreshing Parisians with the Seine river water... (in French)
Following discussions between the Snefcca - French national trade union for refrigeration, professional cooking facilities and air conditioning companies) and the Paris City Hall (France), the project to use the non-drinking water network in order...
Meeting the cooling and freshwater needs of arid countries
In a recent review article, the authors summarised research efforts in meeting cooling and freshwater demands in arid and hot climates, using available solar...
New Monaco Yacht Club House to be cooled thanks to ocean water
Monaco’s new yacht club sticks to the sea-water cooling tradition.
A refrigerator running on sun and water.
A student of MIT in Boston has developed The Evaptainers, an electricity-free and mobile fridge, using evaporative cooling technology.
A refrigeration system to produce freshwater in arid areas
A team of researchers from Shanghai Jiao Tong University in China demonstrated how integrating adsorption cooling and a heat pump system can improve the productivity of an...
Data centre uses river water for cooling
The American company Nautilus commissioned its first data centre naturally cooled by water from a river in April.
A seawater district cooling system in the Caribbean.
A study by Makai Ocean Engineering analyzed the feasibility of using cold deep seawater for a district cooling system in the Caribbean.
IIR news
82 results
The IIR website gets a makeover
After three years of existence, the home page of the IIR website has been modernised and its content made more visible. IIR projects are given a special place of honour, with detailed pages dedicated to each of...
The IIR’s ICCC 2024 conference ended successfully!
Successful Conclusion of the 8th International Institute of Refrigeration Conference on Sustainability and the Cold Chain.
What do refrigeration, air conditioning and social media have in common? A lot!
In 2014, an awareness raising social media campaign by Stephen Gill praising the too often overlooked virtues and benefits of refrigeration caused quite a stir, going viral.
REAL Alternatives 4 LIFE comes to a close having achieved a lot for training on low GWP alternative refrigerants!
Over a three-year period this project, funded by the EU the LIFE programme, sought to incorporate the principles of a blended learning programme in an aim to create standardised training on the safety and...
International events: European Central Asia
The European Central Asia network of the United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP) held its 7th annual meeting in Tirana, Albania. It was focused on the phase-out of CFCs in Metered-Dose Inhalants (MDIs) and the replacement of HCFCs in foams and...
New European projects for the IIR
In line with its international activities, the IIR is going to take part in two European projects which have just been validated by the European Commission.
The European Union project Cryohub in Beijing
The IIR organised a well-attended CryoHub workshop at the 5th International Conference on Sustainability and the Cold Chain in Beijing on April 7th.
European Food Survey to decarbonise industrial operations
The ENOUGH project invites European food operators to complete a short survey on the advancements and potential for achieving the net-zero emissions target.
IIR takes part in RACHP European Conference
The 20th European RACHP Conference of Centro Studi Galileo was held in Milan at the beginning of June. The IIR presented the women in cooling brochure and held a booth to promote the projects ENOUGH...
The IIR announces role in European "REAL Alternatives" programme.
The International of Refrigeration is pleased to announce its role in a new European learning programme “REAL Alternatives” that will address skills shortages amongst technicians working in the refrigeration, air conditioning and heat pump sector.
The IIR supports innovative European research projects on refrigeration
In line with its international activities, the IIR is currently involved in two European research projects both focused on very distinct areas of refrigeration technologies.
The 21st European Conference on RACHP technologies is just around the corner
The 21st edition of the European Conference RACHP, co-organised by UNEP, IIR, and Centro Studi Galileo, will take place in Milano on June 12-13, 2025.
The IIR remains a key partner in European refrigeration projects
In line with its international activities, the International Institute of Refrigeration (IIR) is currently a partner of three European research projects focused on very distinct areas of refrigeration technology.
First European field study on food cold chain carried out by the Frisbee consortium
Four Frisbee project partners will conduct a major field study in four representative European countries this Summer
Encyclopedia of Refrigeration
9 results
Cold storage conditions for fruits and vegetables
Practical recommendations for the cold storage of over 200 cultivars of fruits, vegetables and herbs (storage temperatures, relative humidity, storage time, controlled atmosphere...
Liquefied Natural Gas: production process and cold energy recovery
Liquefied natural gas (LNG) is natural gas that has been cooled to about -160 °C and turned into a liquid to facilitate transportation and storage. A typical LNG supply chain...
Cryogenic nitrogen in the food and beverage industry
The adoption of cryogenic processes in the food and beverage industry is predominantly driven by liquid nitrogen (LIN), and it is the preferred candidate for food chilling and...
Global HFC emissions from the refrigeration sector
This table shows HFC emissions from the refrigeration sector – including air conditioning – in million tonnes of CO2 equivalent for about 40 countries that are signatories...
Environmental impact of the ice cream industry
This summary document describes the environmental impact of ice cream manufacturing, which is mainly due to the energy consumption and refrigerants used.
Ice cream manufacturing, environmental impact and market data
From a physico-chemical point of view, ice cream is a complex, frozen multiphase mixture. The manufacturing process includes several stages of freezing which are described in this...
Cryogenics in the pharmaceutical industry: drug design and bioavailability improvement
Research activities in the pharmaceutical sector focus primarily on developing novel drug formulations which can elicit the desired response upon being administered to the patient...
Hydrocarbon refrigerants
Hydrocarbons such as R290 (propane), R600a (isobutane) or R1270 (propene/propylene) are low GWP non-toxic natural refrigerants with excellent thermodynamic properties. They offer an...
Additive manufacturing of regenerators for caloric cooling
In many areas of engineering, additive manufacturing allows the production of complex and multifunctional products that could not be manufactured using traditional methods. In the...
