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IIR document

Scanning Ternary Mixtures for the Low Stage of Cascades in Ultra-Low Temperature Refrigeration.

• Author(s) : MOTA BABILONI A., FERNANDEZ MORENO A., GIMÉNEZ-PRADES P., NAVARRO-ESBRÍ J.
• Publication date: 2022/04/11
• Languages : English
• Keywords : Low temperature, Ternary mixture, COP, GWP, R744, R32, R125, R134a, R1132a, R41, R23, R1150, Flammability
• Source: 7^th IIR International Conference on Sustainability and the Cold Chain Online. Proceedings: April 11-13 2022
• Formats : PDF

IIR document

Optimization and exergy analysis of a cascade organic Rankine cycle integrated with liquefied natural gas regasification process.

• Author(s) : FAKHARZADEH M., TAHOUNI N., ABBASI M., PANJESHANI M. H.
• Publication date: 2023/12
• Languages : English
• Keywords : Simulation, Optimization, Organic Rankine cycle, Natural gas, LNG, Regasification, Modelling, R41, R1150, Exergy, Thermodynamic cycle
• Source: International Journal of Refrigeration - Revue Internationale du Froid - Vol. 156
• Formats : PDF

IIR document

Performance evaluation of CO2-based mixture refrigerants in ground-source heat pump with ejector.

• Author(s) : WU W., LEUNG M., LI X.
• Publication date: 2019/08/24
• Languages : English
• Keywords : R161, R1270, Low GWP, R744, R41, R32, Thermodynamic property, Heat pump, Performance, Ground-source system, Mixture, Ejector, CO2
• Source: Proceedings of the 25^th IIR International Congress of Refrigeration: Montréal , Canada, August 24-30, 2019.
• Formats : PDF

IIR document

Energy and exergy performance evaluation of a three-stage auto-cascade refrigeration system using low-GWP alternative refrigerants.

• Author(s) : QIN Y., LI N., ZHANG H., LIU B.
• Publication date: 2021/06
• Languages : English
• Keywords : Modelling, R14, R41, R170, R1132a, Ethane, COP, Optimization, Exergy, Cascade system, Mixture, Low GWP, HFC, R23, R1234yf, Equation of state, Low temperature
• Source: International Journal of Refrigeration - Revue Internationale du Froid - vol. 126
• Formats : PDF

IIR document

Options of low Global Warming Potential refrigerant group for a three-stage cascade refrigeration system.

• Author(s) : SUN Z., WANG Q., DAI B., et al.
• Publication date: 2019/04
• Languages : English
• Source: International Journal of Refrigeration - Revue Internationale du Froid - vol. 100
• Formats : PDF

IIR document

Condensation heat transfer characteristics of low-GWP refrigerants in horizontal smooth mini tube.

• Author(s) : LI M. X., LV J., DANG C. B., et al.
• Publication date: 2015/08/16
• Languages : English
• Source: Proceedings of the 24th IIR International Congress of Refrigeration: Yokohama, Japan, August 16-22, 2015.
• Formats : PDF

IIR document

Thermodynamic performance assessment of carbon dioxide blends with low GWP working fluids used for heat pump water heater.

• Author(s) : DAI B., LI M., DANG C., et al.
• Publication date: 2014/08/02
• Languages : English
• Source: 11^th IIR Gustav Lorentzen Conference on Natural Refrigerants (GL2014). Proceedings. Hangzhou, China, August 31-September 2, 2014.
• Formats : PDF

Recommended by the IIR

New HFC/HFO blends as refrigerants for the Vapor-Compression Refrigeration System (VCRS)

• Author(s) : BARTOSZ G., SZCZEPANOWSKA A., ROSIEK S.
• Publication date: 2021/02
• Languages : English
• Source: Energies - 14 - 4
• Formats : PDF

IIR document

Solid–liquid equilibria for the R32 + R1234ze(E) binary system.

• Author(s) : TOMASSETTI S., COCCIA G., PIERANTOZZI M., et al.
• Publication date: 2019/11
• Languages : English
• Source: International Journal of Refrigeration - Revue Internationale du Froid - vol. 107
• Formats : PDF

IIR document

Performance evaluation of a single-stage Linde-Hampson refrigeration system using low-GWP R1234yf-blends.

• Author(s) : QIN Y., LI N., LIU B., ZHANG H.
• Publication date: 2023/04/05
• Languages : English
• Source: 3^rd IIR conference on HFO Refrigerants and low GWP Blends. Shanghai, China.
• Formats : PDF

IIR document

Thermodynamic performance assessment of carbon dioxide blends with low-global warming potential (GWP) working fluids for a heat pump water heater.

• Author(s) : DAI B., DANG C., LI M., et al.
• Publication date: 2015/08
• Languages : English
• Source: International Journal of Refrigeration - Revue Internationale du Froid - vol. 56
• Formats : PDF

Thermoeconomic analysis of different refrigeration systems for high temperature lift using alternative refrigerants.

• Author(s) : KUMAR MANDAL B., ROY R., EMANI M. S.
• Publication date: 2018/07/27
• Languages : English
• Source: Proceedings of the International Conference on Emerging Technologies for Sustainable and Intelligent HVAC&R Systems, Kolkata, July 27-28 2018.
• Formats : PDF

IIR document

Ternary refrigerant blends for ultra-low temperature refrigeration.

• Author(s) : MOTA BABILONI A., FERNANDEZ MORENO A., GIMÉNEZ-PRADES P., UDROIU C-M., NAVARRO-ESBRÍ J.
• Publication date: 2023/04
• Languages : English
• Source: International Journal of Refrigeration - Revue Internationale du Froid - vol. 148
• Formats : PDF

IIR document

A proposed subcooling method for vapor compression refrigeration cycle based on expansion power recovery.

• Author(s) : SHE X., YIN Y., ZHANG X.
• Publication date: 2014/07
• Languages : English
• Source: International Journal of Refrigeration - Revue Internationale du Froid - vol. 43
• Formats : PDF

Numerically-predicted velocities of C1 and C2 hydrofluorocarbon refrigerant flames with air.

• Author(s) : LINTERIS G. T., BABUSHOK V.
• Publication date: 2018/07/09
• Languages : English
• Source: 2018 Purdue Conferences. 17^th International Refrigeration and Air-Conditioning Conference at Purdue.
• Formats : PDF

Purdue highlights: R410A “drop-ins”performance

According to a paper presented at Purdue in July 2016, two new “drop-in” alternatives to R410A are said to have exhibited very similar performance in experimental tests. This paper will be available in Fridoc in te near future.

• Publication date : 2016/09/07

R32 vs HFOs as alternatives to R410A

During the IIR-co-sponsored 14thInternational Refrigeration and Air Conditioning Conference at Purdue, USA, in July 2012, H. Pham and R. Rajendran presented the results of an evaluation of R32, HFO1234yf, HFO1234ze and various HFO blends as...

• Publication date : 2013/01/07

HFO1123: a new alternative to R410A?

Japanese firm Asahi Glass announced its own refrigerant for use in air conditioning systems, based on the new HFO molecule HFO1123.

• Publication date : 2014/04/28

Performance test results of alternative low-GWP refrigerants to R410A

Emerson Climate Technologies has published the results of drop-in tests of new low GWP refrigerants, L41b and DR5, in a R410A scroll compressor.

• Publication date : 2014/06/18

Air conditioning: which refrigerant will become the leading alternative to R410A?

R32 is being adopted widely for residential and small commercial air conditioning applications, but R466A, R452B and R454B are promising candidates, especially for larger size systems.

• Publication date : 2019/05/29
• Subjects: HFCs alternatives

R410A/R22 alternatives for AC in high-ambient temperature environments: R32 and R290

The final US Oak Ridge National Laboratory report – presented during MOP27 in Dubaï – compares the performance of low-GWP alternative refrigerants to HFC R410A in mini-split air conditioners (ACs) under high-ambient-temperature conditions.

• Publication date : 2016/05/11

US: R134a, R410A and R407C could be banned in chillers from 2025

AHRI and NRDC issue joint letter supporting EPA SNAP proposal to prohibit R134a, R410A and R407C in new chillers from 2025.

• Publication date : 2016/04/06
• Subjects: HFCs alternatives

Performance of R32 and R290 as alternatives to R22 and R410A in domestic air conditioning

According to the authors, regardless of the capacity difference, R290 could be considered as the most appropriate substitute in air conditioners with small finned tube heat exchangers

• Publication date : 2014/09/25

Development and evaluation of a reversible CO2 residential air conditioning system compared to a state-of-the art R410a unit

This paper was presented at the IIR Gustav Lorentzen Conference in Glasgow (Sep. 2004). A reversible CO2 prototype RAC split unit system was designed, built and installed in two calorimetric test chambers. The unit is based on the Lorentzen Cycle...

• Publication date : 2004/11/24

IIR Member news - Solstice N41 (R466A), a new refrigerant from Honeywell

Focus on a brand new refrigerant Solstice N41 (or R466A) which could represent an interesting alternative to R410A in air conditioning.

• Publication date : 2018/08/08

A surprising increase in the emissions of trichlorofluoromethane (R11) since 2012

An article published in Nature underlines the unexpected and persistent increase in global emissions of ozone-depleting R11.

• Publication date : 2018/06/22
• Subjects: Regulation

US to ban high-GWP refrigerants

A rule proposal by the US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) provides that all high-GWP HFCs, including R134a, R404A and R410A, will be banned in most new refrigeration equipment...

• Publication date : 2023/01/26
• Subjects: Regulation, HFCs alternatives

Safety warnings over air conditioning R32 retrofits

A UK manufacturing association has recently warned against instances of replacing R410A with R32 refrigerant in air conditioners designed for use with R410A.

• Publication date : 2018/04/19

Reducing the environmental impact of ultra-low temperature refrigeration systems

Ultra-low temperature (ULT) refrigeration systems often use very high-GWP HFCs. Yet, ULT systems are excluded from the scope of the regulations aimed at phasing-down HFCs. An IJR paper reviews the most promising...

• Publication date : 2020/04/05
• Subjects: Environment, HFCs alternatives

Alternative refrigerants to high-GWP HFCs

Intensification of international regulations on HFCs such as the Kigali Agreement or the European F-Gas Regulation leads refrigerant manufacturers to search for alternatives to high-GWP HFCs. Focus on some alternatives to R410A and R23.

• Publication date : 2019/06/26
• Subjects: HFCs alternatives

Member news: Koura introduces new refrigerant for air conditioning

Refrigerant manufacturer Koura recently introduced R468C, a refrigerant that could replace R410A in air conditioning systems.  

• Publication date : 2022/10/27
• Subjects: HFCs alternatives

Member news: Automated order-pickup kiosks use containers from Carrier Transicold

Member news: grocery kiosks are being set up in Estonia. The CO2 refrigeration system is supplied by Carrier Transicold. 

• Publication date : 2021/04/29

The Mostra Convegno exhibition

In March 2018 the IIR participated in one of the biggest exhibitions on refrigeration technologies, Mostra Convegno, which took place, as always, in Milan.

• Publication date : 2018/04/19

IIR member news: Carrier Transicold

Carrier Transicold, major transport refrigeration company, will offer R452A as an optional alternative to R404A.

• Publication date : 2015/04/23
• Subjects: Regulation

The IJR is 30!

The IJR is celebrating its 30th birthday! The first issue was published on May 1, 1978. In his first Editorial, the first Editor-in-Chief, Professor G. G. Haselden, University of Leeds, UK, spoke about the spirit, concept, and aims of the new...

• Publication date : 2008/05/13

The notoriety of the IJR increases further!

The impact factor of the International Journal of Refrigeration increases for the fourth consecutive year. 

• Publication date : 2022/09/28

Meeting: UNEP

Didier Coulomb and Daniel Viard, Deputy Director, met Rajendra Shende, Head of the Energy and OzonAction Branch of the United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP), on April 6, 2005. They particularly exchanged ideas on the future of refrigerants...

• Publication date : 2005/06/14

The IIR in Refcold

The IIR was invited to give a presentation at a seminar on the Cold Chain in Hot Countries.

• Publication date : 2019/11/29

Discover the new IIR Science and Technology Council

With 8 newly elected presidents and vice-presidents, 3 reassignments and 5 reappointments, this new Science and Technology Council (STC), mandated from 2015 to 2019, is set to bring forth fresh ideas and novel change.

• Publication date : 2016/02/10

Frisbee Project: Latest Developments

Frisbee is a European-Union-funded 4-year project. It was launched in September 2010 and involves 26 partners including the IIR. the IIR is in charge of collecting data and the dissemination of research outcomes. The aim is to provide new...

• Publication date : 2011/12/20

Conference reports: Oran

LNG 16, a conference co-organized by the IIR, was held in Oran, Algeria, on April 18-21, 2010. In spite of the volcanic ash cloud that grounded many potential participants, LNG 16 attracted 1800 participants from 58 countries, and 674...

• Publication date : 2011/02/04

Global warming potential (GWP) of HFC refrigerants

Using the latest updated data from UNEP’s RTOC 2022 report, we have compiled the 100-year GWP and 20-year GWP values of hydrofluorocarbon-based (HFC) refrigerants. Our table includes...

• Last update : 2023/09/15
• Langues : French, English
• Themes : HFCs

Hydrocarbon refrigerants

Hydrocarbons such as R290 (propane), R600a (isobutane) or R1270 (propene/propylene) are low GWP non-toxic natural refrigerants with excellent thermodynamic properties. They offer an...

• Last update : 2022/06/22
• Langues : French, English
• Themes : Hydrocarbons, Containment, refrigerant charge reduction

Liquefied Natural Gas: production process and cold energy recovery

Liquefied natural gas (LNG) is natural gas that has been cooled to about -160 °C and turned into a liquid to facilitate transportation and storage. A typical LNG supply chain...

• Last update : 2023/06/23
• Langues : French, English
• Themes : LNG and LPG

Ice cream manufacturing, environmental impact and market data

From a physico-chemical point of view, ice cream is a complex, frozen multiphase mixture. The manufacturing process includes several stages of freezing which are described in this...

• Last update : 2023/06/30
• Langues : French, English
• Themes : Ice creams

Additive manufacturing of heat exchangers

In the refrigeration industry, additive manufacturing (colloquially referred to as “3D printing”) makes it possible to fabricate novel, complex and potentially more energy efficient...

• Last update : 2022/09/07
• Langues : French, English
• Themes : Evaporators, condensers and other heat exchangers

Nanorefrigerants

Nanorefrigerants are created by adding nanoparticles in suspension to a base refrigerant. They have a thermal conductivity that is 15% to 104% higher than that of the corresponding...

• Last update : 2022/06/17
• Langues : English, French
• Themes : Nanofluids