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Salmonella in table eggs from farm to retail: when is cooling required?
Valuation of a new Maillard reaction type time-temperature integrator at various temperatures.
Development of a time–temperature indicator (TTI) label by rotary printing technologies.
Time-temperature integrators as predictive temperature sensors.
IIR document
Performances tests of the cold chain indicators and time/temperature integrators tools for control of the cold chain.
Time-temperature transparency in the cold chain.
Scientific opinion on the public health risks related to the maintenance of the cold chain during storage and transport of meat. 1. Meat of domestic ungulates.
Impacto en la seguridad de la variabilidad de la cadena de frío del jamón cocido a través de un análisis de sensibilidad.
Impact of cooked ham cold chain variability on safety by sensitivity analysis.
Scientific opinion on the public health risks related to the maintenance of the cold chain during storage and transport of meat. 2. Minced meat from all species.
QUALITY DETERIORATION OF REFRIGERATED FOODS AND ITS TIME-TEMPERATURE MATHEMATICAL RELATIONSHIPS.
THE TIME-TEMPERATURE RELATION ON CHILLING INJURY TO CUCUMBER IN REFRIGERATED STORAGE.
QUALITY ASSURANCE IN THE COLD CHAIN. USE OF AN ENZYMATIC TIME-TEMPERATURE MONITOR DURING TRANSPORT AND STORAGE OF REFRIGERATED FISH.
THE APPLICATION OF CONTROLLED FLUID MIGRATION TO TEMPERATURE LIMIT AND TIME-TEMPERATURE INTEGRATORS.
TIME-TEMPERATURE MONITORING USING SOLID-STATE CHEMICAL INDICATORS.
TIME-TEMPERATURE FUNCTION INTEGRATION, ITS REALISATION AND APPLICATION TO CHILLED FISH.
Refrigeration sector monitoring
15 results
Impact of indoor heat on mortality in the elderly
A team of researchers has developed a model to assess the impact of indoor heat on the health status of populations, and more specifically on the mortality of people over 65 years of age.
Impact of heat on school results
An American study establishes a relationship between rising temperatures and lower school examination results and highlights the importance of air conditioning.
100th anniversary of psychrometrics
The formula which underpins the relationship between temperature, humidity and dew point - the basis of all air conditioning calculations - marks its 100th anniversary.
Cold storage of evergreen seedlings affected by global warming
Due to global warming, conifer seedlings are more often exposed to desiccation during snow-free winters. Overwinter cold storage allows to improve their survival, provided that...
A must-read in the IJR: a review of storage temperatures for biological material
To improve storage efficiency, the authors of a review article take stock of storage temperatures for biological material (cells, proteins, DNA, etc).
Simplifying the preservation at very low temperature of tissues used in ophthalmology
Researchers have compared the effects of −28 °C (standard freezer) and −80 °C preservation on human amniotic membrane, which is commonly used in ophthalmic...
Cryochemistry: chemical reactions accelerated by freezing
Surprisingly, some chemical reactions can be accelerated by freezing. The possible applications of studying such cryoreactions include the food and pharmaceutical cold chain, as well...
1924 – 2024: Celebrating 100 years of the frozen food industry
In 1924, Clarence Birdseye patented the first apparatus for freezing and packaging fish.
IIR GL2020 conference: Range of CO2 applications
Almost half of the presentations at the IIR Gustav Lorentzen conference in Kyoto focused on CO2, in commercial refrigeration systems but also in many other applications. Overview of these...
ICR 2019: an overview of current refrigeration research (part II)
Presentation of the main scientific and technical topics covered in the papers of the 25th IIR International Congress of Refrigeration and summary of some of the 14 keynotes.
Refrigeration reduces the glycemic index of cooked rice
Several studies highlight the benefits of refrigeration on the glycaemic index of rice, which is important in the control of chronic diseases such as diabetes.
Refrigerated containers: state of play and perspectives
Refrigerated containers play an essential role in the maritime refrigerated transport sector; a look back at the stages of their development and the recent and future technological advances of this...
The expansion of refrigeration applications of Thermal Energy Storage and PCMs
Based on a selection of papers from two recent IIR conferences, overview of thermal energy storage and PCM applications in the fields of refrigerated transport, display cabinets, fishing vessels, food processing...
Frost detection and defrosting methods: latest advances
A recent Purdue conference paper presents the state of the art regarding methods for retarding the onset of frosting, frost detection techniques and defrosting strategies, including those based on artificial...
Europe dominated the global frozen food market in 2020
2020 has seen record sales in the frozen food sector. According to Frozen Food Europe, Europe had the largest share of the global frozen food market in 2020. Asia Pacific, the Middle East and Africa are...
IIR news
2 results
Professional forums on cryo-sciences: Experts and young researchers alike
Although significant progress has been made in cold application in life sciences driven by new solutions in the production, storage and handling of bio-products along the entire production chain all the way up to the end-user, there are still many...
ICR2015: A stimulating environment for dynamic exchanges
With a focus on improving standards and the quality of life of many worldwide, as well as emphasising the importance of preserving the earth through the advancement of refrigeration applications and technology, ICR2015 is expected to attract a...
Encyclopedia of Refrigeration
5 results
Cryogenic nitrogen in the food and beverage industry
The adoption of cryogenic processes in the food and beverage industry is predominantly driven by liquid nitrogen (LIN), and it is the preferred candidate for food chilling and...
Cryogenics in the pharmaceutical industry: drug design and bioavailability improvement
Research activities in the pharmaceutical sector focus primarily on developing novel drug formulations which can elicit the desired response upon being administered to the patient...
Ice cream manufacturing, environmental impact and market data
From a physico-chemical point of view, ice cream is a complex, frozen multiphase mixture. The manufacturing process includes several stages of freezing which are described in this...
Environmental impact of the ice cream industry
This summary document describes the environmental impact of ice cream manufacturing, which is mainly due to the energy consumption and refrigerants used.
Hydrocarbon refrigerants
Hydrocarbons such as R290 (propane), R600a (isobutane) or R1270 (propene/propylene) are low GWP non-toxic natural refrigerants with excellent thermodynamic properties. They offer an...
