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Rooftop refrigeration unit performance.

• Author(s) : ELOVITZ K. M.
• Publication date: 2016/04
• Languages : English
• Source: ASHRAE Journal - vol. 58 - n. 4

IIR document

Similarity analysis on heat and mass transfer of absorption process for the falling film flow on a porous medium.

• Author(s) : HASANUZZAMAN M., MIYARA A.
• Publication date: 2018/06/18
• Languages : English
• Source: 13^th IIR Gustav Lorentzen Conference on Natural Refrigerants (GL2018). Proceedings. Valencia, Spain, June 18-20th 2018.
• Formats : PDF

IIR document

Numerical investigation on indicated power and discharge process of three different discharge methods of swing compressor.

• Author(s) : PAN X., PAN S., HOU J., ZENG W., XIE J.
• Publication date: 2022/10
• Languages : English
• Source: International Journal of Refrigeration - Revue Internationale du Froid - vol. 142
• Formats : PDF

Analysis of factors of cryogenic injury in the genus hypericum and their genetic causes and effects.

• Author(s) : PETIJOVÁ L.
• Publication date: 2015
• Languages : English
• Formats : PDF

Experiencia en optimización energética de plantas de refrigeracion y aire acondicionado a través de mediciones de campo.

• Author(s) : BERGLÖF K.
• Publication date: 2015/03
• Languages : Spanish
• Source: Frío Calor Aire acondicionado - n. 478
• Formats : PDF

The post-effect of in vitro storage on shoot multiplication and rooting of 'Senga Sengana' strawberry shoots.

• Author(s) : LISEK A., ORLIKOWSKA T.
• Publication date: 2008
• Languages : English
• Keywords : Strawberry, Quality, Survival, Shoot, Expérimentation, Cold storage
• Source: J. Fruit ornam. Plant Res. - vol. 16

Cryopreservation of in vitro grown shoots of ginger (Zingiber officinale Rosc.).

• Author(s) : YAMUNA G., SUMATHI V., GEETHA S. P., et al.
• Publication date: 2007/07
• Languages : English
• Keywords : Condiment, Process, Shoot, Expérimentation, Cryopreservation
• Source: CryoLetters - vol. 28 - n. 4

Ultrastructural changes associated with cryopreservation of potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) shoot tips.

• Author(s) : KACZMARCZYK A., RUTTEN T., MELZER M., et al.
• Publication date: 2008/03
• Languages : English
• Keywords : Potato, Cell, Chilling injury, Shoot, Cryopreservation
• Source: CryoLetters - vol. 29 - n. 2

Regeneration of Dioscorea floribunda plants from cryopreserved encapsulated shoot tips: effect of plant growth regulators.

• Author(s) : MANDAL B. B., AHUJA-GHOSH S.
• Publication date: 2007/09
• Languages : English
• Keywords : Process, Seedling, Optimization, Shoot, Cryopreservation
• Source: Cryo-Letters - vol. 28 - n. 5

Anti-listerial properties of garlic shoot juice at growth and morphology of Listeria monocytogenes.

• Author(s) : KIM J. E., CHOI N. H., KANG S. C.
• Publication date: 2007/10
• Languages : English
• Keywords : Garlic, Listeria, Bacteria, Shoot, Inhibition, Juice
• Source: Food Control The International Journal of HACCP and Food Safety - vol. 18 - n. 10

IIR document

Manipulation of cooling rate during cryopreservation of Hypericum perforatum L. shoot tips using slow freezing method.

• Author(s) : SKYBA M., URBANOVA M., KOSUTH J., et al.
• Publication date: 2007/08/21
• Languages : English
• Keywords : Process, Seedling, Shoot, Cryopreservation, Freezing
• Source: ICR 2007. Refrigeration Creates the Future. Proceedings of the 22^nd IIR International Congress of Refrigeration.
• Formats : PDF

Cryopreservation of shoot tips of blackberry and raspberry by encapsulation-dehydration and vitrification.

• Author(s) : GUPTA S., REED B. M.
• Publication date: 2006/01
• Languages : English
• Keywords : Vitrification, Raspberry, Liquid nitrogen, Blackberry, Shoot, Expérimentation, Dehydration, Cryogenics, Cryopreservation
• Source: CryoLetters - vol. 27 - n. 1

Cryopreservation of in vitro shoot tips of Dioscorea deltoidea Wall., an endangered medicinal plant: effect of cryogenic procedure and storage duration.

• Author(s) : MANDAL B. B., DIXIT-SHARMA S.
• Publication date: 2007/11
• Languages : English
• Keywords : Vitrification, Seedling, Shoot, Expérimentation, Cryopreservation
• Source: Cryo-Letters - vol. 28 - n. 6

Cryopreservation of cherry rootstock Gisela 5 (Prunus cerasus × Prunus canescens) shoot tips by droplet-vitrification technique.

• Author(s) : RUZIC D., VUJOVIC T., CEROVIC R.
• Publication date: 2013
• Languages : English
• Keywords : Vitrification, Plant (botany), Fruit tree, Shoot, Droplet, Cryopreservation
• Source: Journal of Horticultural Research - vol. 21 - n. 2

Cryopreservation of cold-acclimated mint (Mentha spp.) shoot tips using a simple vitrification protocol.

• Author(s) : SENULA A., KELLER E. R. J., SANDUIJAV T., et al.
• Publication date: 2007/01
• Languages : English
• Keywords : Vitrification, Liquid nitrogen, Variety, Aromatic plant, Process, Shoot, Cryogenics, Cryopreservation
• Source: CryoLetters - vol. 28 - n. 1

Refrigerant news: Refrigerant shortage

The refrigeration sector is facing a shortage of R134a, employed as a refrigerant or as a component used in the making of R404A. This is due to several factors: a lack of raw materials, the stopping of production of factories in Asia, low...

• Publication date : 2011/02/07

LNG ship shortage hurts new players

 A lack of available liquefied natural gas (LNG) tankers helped push charter rates up this winter and continues to hamper trade for smaller players without access to tonnage, according to shipper Golar LNG (GLNG). Large increases in Asian demand...

• Publication date : 2011/08/04

Markets and figures: India - cold storage shortage

A recent report by KPMG and the Associated Chambers of Commerce and Industry of India (ASSOCHAM) points out the massive shortfall in cold storage facilities for India's agricultural produce by more than 10 million tons: only about 21.7 million...

• Publication date : 2009/12/09

R32, a short-term candidate to replace R22 in China?

HFC-32 attracted attention during ICR2011 in Prague: it was the subject of 12 papers. It is the main component of HFC-410A with which it shares similar thermodynamic properties, but at a lower price and with a lower GWP (675).

• Publication date : 2011/12/27

Refrigerant news: Hillary Clinton announced the Climate and Clean Air Coalition to Reduce Short-Lived Climate Pollutants

US Secretary of State Hillary Clinton announced on February 16, 2012, the Climate and Clean Air Coalition to Reduce Short-Lived Climate Pollutants

• Publication date : 2012/07/09
• Subjects: Environment, General information

For IIR members only

EU reports shortage of RAC technicians

In the latest edition of the labour shortages and surpluses report, the European Labour Authority identified 11 countries with severe shortage of air conditioning and refrigeration...

• Publication date : 2024/11/21
• Subjects: General information

EU: High-GWP HFC shortages and price rises

Several refrigeration associations in the EU have warned of severe refrigerant supply problems in their countries.

• Publication date : 2018/03/21
• Subjects: HFCs alternatives

Interested in a short course on Ice Slurry Technology?

The course will take place in Karlsruhe (Germany) on the 13th and 14th May 2011, and will be taught in English.

• Publication date : 2011/02/18

NASRC launches R-TRADE to address U.S. refrigeration technician shortage

With support from major companies, the NASRC’s R-TRADE program aims to train over 14,000 technicians in sustainable refrigeration. 

• Publication date : 2024/11/29

The California Air Resources Board approves plan for reducing short-lived climate pollutants, including HFCs

In a statement released on March 23, 2017 the California Air Resources Board (CARB) announced its approval of a plan to curb short-lived climate pollutants (SLCPs).

• Publication date : 2017/04/02
• Subjects: Regulation, HFCs alternatives

Cryogenics 2019: NICA project aims at studying the state of matter existing shortly after the Big Bang

NICA project for a new superconducting accelerator complex in Russia attracted a lot of interest during IIR Cryogenics conference in Prague, in April 2019.

• Publication date : 2019/06/28

Snapshot of air conditioning in the MENA region and Türkiye

The Cool Up programme monitors the status, developments, insights, and good practice examples regarding sustainable cooling in the MENA region.

• Publication date : 2023/06/12
• Subjects: General information

Refrigeration innovations for the avocado market

The booming global avocado market calls for increasing standards of quality. Refrigeration technologies offer cutting-edge solutions for fruit ripening and seed preservation for future crops.

• Publication date : 2020/10/22

Carbon dioxide snow to clean spatial telescope

An interesting method to keep the Webb Space Telescope mirror, seven times larger than Hubble, spotless.

• Publication date : 2015/11/02

World’s coldest molecules at Yale

According to a research article published in the journal Nature, physicists at Yale University have achieved the coldest ever molecules through direct cooling.

• Publication date : 2015/01/08

European Food Survey to decarbonise industrial operations

The ENOUGH project invites European food operators to complete a short survey on the advancements and potential for achieving the net-zero emissions target. 

• Publication date : 2023/01/26

New IIR Informatory Note on evaporative cooling

The latest IIR Informatory Note highlights that evaporative cooling is an energy-efficient technology that has many applications in air conditioning but also in short-term food storage. 

• Publication date : 2023/05/27

The IIR announces role in European "REAL Alternatives" programme.

The International of Refrigeration is pleased to announce its role in a new European learning programme “REAL Alternatives” that will address skills shortages amongst technicians working in the refrigeration, air conditioning and heat pump sector.

• Publication date : 2013/12/01

Professionals, participate in a questionnaire on the cold chain of COVID-19 vaccines (in French)

The AFF (French Association of Refrigeration) has just posted a short online questionnaire for vaccines cold chain professionals in order to enrich the work of its...

• Publication date : 2021/10/25
• Subjects: Regulation, Technology

New design for the IJR but still quality papers!

As well as original research papers the IJR also includes review articles, papers presented at IIR conferences, short reports and letters describing preliminary results and experimental details, and letters to the Editor on recent areas of...

• Publication date : 2019/11/20

Call to Action for World Refrigeration Day

In support of this special day, and with the aim of raising awareness and boosting accessibility of the refrigeration sector from the grassroots up on an international level, the IIR is calling to all stakeholders to actively help bring the HVACR...

• Publication date : 2019/04/01

Conference update: Cambridge

The 1st IIR Conference on Sustainability and the Cold Chain will take place on March 29-31, 2010 in Cambridge, UK. Present a paper, check out pre-registration and keep updated on themes and short courses:

• Publication date : 2009/08/13

International events: Purdue

The latest Purdue Conferences (19th International Compressor Engineering Conference and 12th International Refrigeration and Air Conditioning Conference) took place on July 14-17, 2008, in West Lafayette (Indiana, USA). The total attendance of the...

• Publication date : 2008/10/25

Briefs: 100th Anniversary Video

IIR producing 100th Anniversary Video: have you got any interesting material? To highlight its centennial in 2008, the IIR is now producing a short video celebrating the IIR and refrigeration research around the world. A small segment of the video...

• Publication date : 2007/05/04

Conference update: Cambridge

The 1st IIR Conference on Sustainability and the Cold Chain is to be held on March 29-31, 2010. The conference, which will attract an international audience of researchers and industrialists, will bring together those with an...

• Publication date : 2009/12/09

Corporate members: news

- During the IIAR's 2008 Ammonia Refrigeration and Conference, the first fundraising event, a golf tournament, was held in order to launch Ammonia Refrigeration Foundation actions. The recently formed foundation will promote charitable,...

• Publication date : 2008/05/13

ICR2007 in Beijing

The International Institute of Refrigeration (IIR) holds Congresses every 4 years. They have two objectives: - a scientific objective: apart from the numerous IIR and IIR-co-sponsored conferences (about 50 over a 4-year period), which are focused...

• Publication date : 2007/11/20

Here are the latest IIR award-winners!

Once every 4 years during each International Congress of Refrigeration, the IIR presents a series of prestigious scientific awards:. Gustav Lorentzen Medal: the prize is awarded to a person with...

• Publication date : 2011/09/15

2008, Refrigeration Year

Many events and actions have already been scheduled or have already taken place in various countries in order to celebrate the IIR's centenary and the 100th anniversaries of several national associations of refrigeration (France, the Netherlands,...

• Publication date : 2008/05/13

1st IIR International Cold and Sustainability Conference

The 1st IIR Conference on Sustainability and the Cold Chain held in Cambridge, UK, on March 29-31, 2010 attracted over 150 participants from 22 countries. Academia, public and corporate research centres, public agencies and administrations, and...

• Publication date : 2010/05/27

Additive manufacturing of heat exchangers

In the refrigeration industry, additive manufacturing (colloquially referred to as “3D printing”) makes it possible to fabricate novel, complex and potentially more energy efficient...

• Last update : 2022/09/07
• Langues : French, English
• Themes : Evaporators, condensers and other heat exchangers

Cold storage conditions for fruits and vegetables

Practical recommendations for the cold storage of over 200 cultivars of fruits, vegetables and herbs (storage temperatures, relative humidity, storage time, controlled atmosphere...

• Last update : 2023/01/16
• Langues : French, English
• Themes : Fruit, Vegetables

Cryogenic nitrogen in the food and beverage industry

The adoption of cryogenic processes in the food and beverage industry is predominantly driven by liquid nitrogen (LIN), and it is the preferred candidate for food chilling and...

• Last update : 2023/11/07
• Langues : French, English
• Themes : Freezing of foodstuffs

Ice cream manufacturing, environmental impact and market data

From a physico-chemical point of view, ice cream is a complex, frozen multiphase mixture. The manufacturing process includes several stages of freezing which are described in this...

• Last update : 2023/06/30
• Langues : French, English
• Themes : Ice creams

Global warming potential (GWP) of HFC refrigerants

Using the latest updated data from UNEP’s RTOC 2022 report, we have compiled the 100-year GWP and 20-year GWP values of hydrofluorocarbon-based (HFC) refrigerants. Our table includes...

• Last update : 2023/09/15
• Langues : French, English
• Themes : HFCs

Environmental impact of the ice cream industry

This summary document describes the environmental impact of ice cream manufacturing, which is mainly due to the energy consumption and refrigerants used.

• Last update : 2022/11/17
• Langues : French, English
• Themes : General information on environment (climate change, ozone depletion…)