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Study of optimal sizing for residential sorption heat pump system.

• Author(s) : BLACKMAN C., GLUESENKAMP K. R., MALHOTRA M., et al.
• Publication date: 2017/08/07
• Languages : English
• Keywords : Residential sector, Gas, Sorption system, Heat pump, Performance, Expérimentation, Heating, Sizing
• Source: International sorption heat pump conference, ISHPC 2017, Tokyo august 7-10.

IIR document

Sizing strategy of on–off and modulating heat pump systems based on annual energy analysis.

• Author(s) : BAGARELLA G., LAZZARIN R., NORO M.
• Publication date: 2016/05
• Languages : English
• Keywords : Variable speed, On-off, Simulation, Heat pump, Energy efficiency, COP, Sizing
• Source: International Journal of Refrigeration - Revue Internationale du Froid - vol. 65
• Formats : PDF

IIR document

High temperature heat pump assisted softwood dryer: sizing and control requirements & energy performance.

• Author(s) : MINEA V.
• Publication date: 2015/08/16
• Languages : English
• Keywords : Wood, Canada, Drying, Heat pump, High temperature, Energy efficiency, Control (generic), Sizing
• Source: Proceedings of the 24th IIR International Congress of Refrigeration: Yokohama, Japan, August 16-22, 2015.
• Formats : PDF

Material selection and sizing of a thermoelectric generator (TEG) for power generation in a self-powered heating system.

• Author(s) : LACLAIR T. J., GLUESENKAMP K. R., ABU-HEIBA A., CHEEKATAMARLA P., WANG H., ALAVANDI S., ABBASI H., CYGAN D., KIRK A., GHOSHAL U.
• Publication date: 2021/05/24
• Languages : English
• Keywords : Heating, Boiler, Hot water, Thermoelectricity, Generator, Sizing, Power, Material, Comparison
• Source: 2021 Purdue Conferences. 6^th International High Performance Buildings Conference at Purdue.
• Formats : PDF

IIR document

Effect of sorbet freezing process on draw temperature and ice crystal size using focused beam reflectance method (FBRM) online measurements.

• Author(s) : ARELLANO B. J. E., GONZALEZ B. D., LEDUCQ D., et al.
• Publication date: 2011/08/21
• Languages :
• Source: Proceedings of the 23^rd IIR International Congress of Refrigeration: Prague, Czech Republic, August 21-26, 2011. Overarching theme: Refrigeration for Sustainable Development.
• Formats : PDF

IIR document

Helium management concept for the ITER cryogenic system.

• Author(s) : KOUZMENKO G., SIMON M., SAULQUIN S., et al.
• Publication date: 2016/06/22
• Languages : English
• Keywords : Helium, Tank, Storage, Cryogenics, Sizing
• Source: 1^st IIR International Conference of Cryogenics and Refrigeration Technology (ICCRT 2016). Proceedings: Bucharest, Romania, June 22-25, 2016.
• Formats : PDF

Engineer’s notebook: the fundamentals of expansion tanks.

• Author(s) : TAYLOR S. T.
• Publication date: 2016/11/09
• Languages : English
• Keywords : Generality, Piping, Design, Expander, Sizing
• Source: ASHRAE Journal - vol. 58 - n. 11

On one selected problem in mathematical modeling of superconducting cylindrical coils in case of using the Ic(B) characteristic linearized in parts.

• Author(s) : PITEL J.
• Publication date: 2016/11
• Languages : English
• Keywords : Superconducting coil, Optimization, Modelling, Cylinder, Sizing
• Source: Cryogenics - vol. 81

Recommended by the IIR / IIR document

Scenarios for engineering headered safety relief vent systems.

• Author(s) : REINDL D., JEKEL T.
• Publication date: 2023/08/21
• Languages : English
• Keywords : Safety, Standard, Industrial application, Ammonia, Fire, Purge, Sizing
• Source: Proceedings of the 26^th IIR International Congress of Refrigeration: Paris , France, August 21-25, 2023.
• Formats : PDF

Ciclo de absorção intermitente agua-amoníaco para produção de gelo utilizando energia solar térmica.

Intermittent water-ammonia absorption cycle for ice production using thermal solar energy.

• Author(s) : ROSA A., GARCÍA J. M.
• Publication date: 2016/05/03
• Languages : Portuguese
• Keywords : Ice, Ammonia-water, Absorption system, Solar cooling, Sizing
• Source: CYTEF 2016. VIII Congreso Ibérico y VI Congreso Iberoamericano de las Ciencias y Técnicas del Frío, Coimbra-Portugal, 3-6 mayo, 2016.
• Formats : PDF

IIR document

Design requirements for effective ammonia defrost systems.

• Author(s) : VESTERGAARD N., KRISTOFERSSON J., SKOVRUP M., et al.
• Publication date: 2017/05/11
• Languages : English
• Keywords : Recirculation, Hot gas, R717, Modelling, Energy saving, Defrosting, Sizing
• Source: 7^th Conference on Ammonia and CO₂ Refrigeration Technology. Proceedings: Ohrid, North Macedonia, May 11-13, 2017.
• Formats : PDF

Calculation of maximum length of directly-buried cooling pipeline in cooling base station.

[In Chinese. / En chinois.]

• Author(s) : TAN C., HU H., ZHANG C., et al.
• Publication date: 2015/12
• Languages : Chinese
• Keywords : Pipe, Calculation, District cooling, Thickness, Energy efficiency, Insulation, Sizing
• Source: HV & AC - vol. 45 - n. 312
• Formats : PDF

Recommended by the IIR / IIR document

Dimensioning multi-compartment equipment.

• Author(s) : SUQUET T., CAVALIER G.
• Publication date: 2022/04/11
• Languages : English
• Keywords : Refrigerated transport, Regulations, Food, Optimization, Road transport, Sizing, Comparison
• Source: 7^th IIR International Conference on Sustainability and the Cold Chain (Online). Proceedings: April 11-13 2022
• Formats : PDF

IIR document

Effects of door openings during deliveries in refrigerated transport.

• Author(s) : SUQUET T., CAPO C., LATCHAN F., et al.
• Publication date: 2018/04/06
• Languages : English
• Keywords : Opening, Refrigerated transport, Temperature, Door, Expérimentation, Thermal load, Distribution, Sizing
• Source: 5^th IIR International Conference on Sustainability and the Cold Chain. Proceedings: Beijing, Chine, 6-8 avril 2018
• Formats : PDF

IIR document

Dimensionnement des engins multi temperatures : calcul, methodologie, exemples, impact sur le dimensionnement.

Multi-temperature devices sizing: calculation, methodology, examples, sizing impact.

• Author(s) : SUQUET T., CAVALIER G., DEVIN E.
• Publication date: 2015/08/16
• Languages : English
• Source: Proceedings of the 24th IIR International Congress of Refrigeration: Yokohama, Japan, August 16-22, 2015.
• Formats : PDF

Optimizing frost-free refrigerators

A team from the Federal University of Paraná and the Federal University of Technology – Paraná in Brazil has modelled and optimized a frost-free refrigerator aimed at both cost and energy savings.

• Publication date : 2013/06/21

US: a step closer to authorizing HCs in vending machines?

A submission by A.S. Trust & Holdings requesting SNAP approval for the use of hydrocarbon refrigerant R441A in new vending machines has been found complete by the US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA). As a result, “R441A may be sold in new...

• Publication date : 2012/10/19

Minimizing emissions in 3 Australian supermarkets by using R-290

AIRAH (Australian Institute for Refrigeration Air-conditioning and Heating) has published a case study on 3 Aldi supermarkets in Australia that are minimizing greenhouse gas emissions by using R-290 (propane) chest freezers in their retail frozen...

• Publication date : 2011/06/15

Ammonia and hard ice revolutionizing the mining industry

Temperatures in mines can exceed 60°C, so keeping the underground cool and safe for workers represents an enormous challenge for the mining industry.

• Publication date : 2015/05/12

Assessing the market potential of industrial heat pumps in Europe

To address the lack of product development of high temperature heat pumps, a recent article provides manufacturers with an estimate of the industrial heat pump market potential in...

• Publication date : 2021/11/30
• Subjects: Figures, economy, Technology

EPA targets illegal HFC imports in new AIM Act enforcement alert

The EPA issued an alert on enforcing the AIM Act, targeting illegal HFC imports and emphasizing recent actions to reduce these potent greenhouse gases by 85% by 2036 to combat climate change. 

• Publication date : 2024/10/24
• Subjects: Regulation

The Air conditioning and Refrigeration Institute (ARI) issued a white paper on Energy Recovery Ventilation (ERV).

The white paper, entitled "Characterizing the efficiency of energy recovery ventilation and informing the design of HVAC systems", supplements the ARI guideline V: "Calculating the Efficiency of Energy Recovery Ventilation and its Effect on...

• Publication date : 2004/05/18

Brief: Institute of Refrigeration

The Institute of Refrigeration (IoR) has published a guidance note on "Energy Efficiency and Refrigerant Choice". The key message of this note is "Refrigerant choice matters, but many other design issues matter more". "Mistakes in design and...

• Publication date : 2005/10/26

ICR2019: focus on innovative refrigeration technologies for developing countries

Several papers presented during the IIR International Congress of Refrigeration in August 2019 addressed advances in the refrigeration technologies that are particularly adapted to hot countries with limited electricity supply: solar...

• Publication date : 2019/11/29
• Subjects: Developing country

Cold stores in India

According to a report published in October 2013, Indian cold stores account for about 16% of the total warehousing industry. Estimated worth: USD 1500 billion.

• Publication date : 2014/10/22
• Subjects: Figures, economy

Energy efficiency of HVAC equipment suffers due to poor installation

According to a NIST research report, the benefits of improved energy efficiency ratings can go for naught if the refrigerating equipment is not installed properly.

• Publication date : 2014/12/02

The climate impact of the refrigeration sector in Australia

According to a recent report, the refrigeration sector accounts for 24% of Australia’s electricity consumption and 11.5% of CO2 emissions. This report also identifies the main causes of direct and...

• Publication date : 2021/05/31
• Subjects: Environment

Refrigerated transport: innovations and challenges for sustainability

Review of the most promising technologies for refrigerated transport: vapour compression systems with natural refrigerants, photovoltaic systems with electrical energy storage,...

• Publication date : 2022/04/29
• Subjects: Technology, HFCs alternatives

Ionic liquids in combination with CO2: promising technology?

A group of scientists at the University of Notre Dame, Indiana, USA, are now working on utilizing novel ionic liquids – pure salts that are liquid at ambient temperatures – in tandem with CO2.

• Publication date : 2013/12/03

Dubai sets air conditioning to 24ºC

Dubai Electricity and Water Authority (DEWA) has extended its annual “Set your AC to 24°C” campaign to raise awareness among customer and commercial consumers about the importance of rationalizing consumption to preserve natural resources.

• Publication date : 2014/10/02
• Subjects: Environment, Regulation

Join our second Webinar on Walk-In Cold Rooms on June 11!

Book your seat! Register to the second webinar in our '"Cool Insights" series highlighting the use of walk-in cold rooms for precooling and storage of fresh produce in the Global South. 

• Publication date : 2024/05/28
• Subjects: Technology, Developing country, Environment, General information

HARFKO 2015: More successful than ever welcomes UNEP Ozone2Climate Roundtable & Roadshow

Last week the IIR was delighted to participate in the 13th Heating, Air-conditioning, Refrigeration & Fluid Exhibition – KOREA (HARFKO 2015).

• Publication date : 2015/03/18

Walk-in cold rooms: webinar replay and slides now available

Thank you for taking part in our second webinar! You can now download the slides and watch the replay on the IIR YouTube channel. Furthermore, the overview guide is also available in...

• Publication date : 2024/06/26
• Subjects: Technology, Developing country, Environment, General information

New IIR Informatory Note on thermal energy storage systems

IIR’s latest Informatory Note demonstrates that a well-designed TES system can reduce energy consumption through more efficient equipment operation and lower investment costs, thus reducing the equipment...

• Publication date : 2022/01/28

IIR wins ECREEE Award for solar cooling and heating efforts in Africa with SophiA

The ECOWAS Sustainable Energy Forum took place in Abidjan, Côte d’Ivoire on November 28-29. The IIR organised a SophiA workshop and was honoured with an ECREEE Award for its outstanding contribution to...

• Publication date : 2024/12/13

Double Award for Coldway Technologies, part of SOFRIGAM Group

Sofrigam won two awards at Business France's pitch competition for its energy storage device "THERMOSTORE", utilizing ammonia. Let's take a closer look at this technology. 

• Publication date : 2024/02/27

Cryogenics in the pharmaceutical industry: drug design and bioavailability improvement

Research activities in the pharmaceutical sector focus primarily on developing novel drug formulations which can elicit the desired response upon being administered to the patient...

• Last update : 2023/03/10
• Langues : French, English
• Themes : Freeze-drying in biology and medicine, Cryobiology, cryomedicine: general information

Nanorefrigerants

Nanorefrigerants are created by adding nanoparticles in suspension to a base refrigerant. They have a thermal conductivity that is 15% to 104% higher than that of the corresponding...

• Last update : 2022/06/17
• Langues : English, French
• Themes : Nanofluids

Hydrocarbon refrigerants

Hydrocarbons such as R290 (propane), R600a (isobutane) or R1270 (propene/propylene) are low GWP non-toxic natural refrigerants with excellent thermodynamic properties. They offer an...

• Last update : 2022/06/22
• Langues : French, English
• Themes : Hydrocarbons, Containment, refrigerant charge reduction

Ice cream manufacturing, environmental impact and market data

From a physico-chemical point of view, ice cream is a complex, frozen multiphase mixture. The manufacturing process includes several stages of freezing which are described in this...

• Last update : 2023/06/30
• Langues : French, English
• Themes : Ice creams

Cryogenic nitrogen in the food and beverage industry

The adoption of cryogenic processes in the food and beverage industry is predominantly driven by liquid nitrogen (LIN), and it is the preferred candidate for food chilling and...

• Last update : 2023/11/07
• Langues : French, English
• Themes : Freezing of foodstuffs