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Performance characterization of an ice-storage system for small scale cooling applications.

• Author(s) : BEDRU HUSSEN M., TORRES-TOLEDO V., MÜLLER J., ALEMU D., CORONAS A.
• Publication date: 2020/11/11
• Languages : English
• Keywords : Ice, Energy storage, Small scale, Compressor, Temperature, Performance, COP, Energy efficiency, Expérimentation
• Source: X Congreso Ibérico y VIII Congreso Iberoamericano de Ciencias y Técnicas del Frío, CYTEF 2020.
• Formats : PDF

Recommended by the IIR / IIR document

Small-scale solar-based adsorption ice maker for Indian climate.

• Author(s) : VINGELSGARD E., TOLSTOREBROV I., WIDELL K. N., MITRA S., MADDALI R., EIKEVIK T. M.
• Publication date: 2020/12/07
• Languages : English
• Keywords : Ice making plant, R134a, Energy balance, Adsorbent, Solar energy, Adsorption system, Small scale, Simulation, India, Methanol, Ethanol, Hot climate, Case study
• Source: 14^th IIR-Gustav Lorentzen Conference on Natural Refrigerants (GL2020). Proceedings. Kyoto, Japon, December 7-9^th 2020.
• Formats : PDF

IIR document

Experimental analysis of the use of R290 in a small ice maker.

• Author(s) : MOLINAROLI L., ROMAGNOLI G., VANIA T., et al.
• Publication date: 2019/08/24
• Languages : English
• Source: Proceedings of the 25^th IIR International Congress of Refrigeration: Montréal , Canada, August 24-30, 2019.
• Formats : PDF

Characterization of flow freezing in small channels for ice valve applications.

• Author(s) : JAIN A.
• Publication date: 2019/12
• Languages : English
• Formats : PDF

IIR document

Performance characterisation of a small milk cooling system with ice storage for PV applications.

• Author(s) : TORRES-TOLEDO V., MEISSNER K., CORONAS A., et al.
• Publication date: 2015/12
• Languages : English
• Source: International Journal of Refrigeration - Revue Internationale du Froid - vol. 60
• Formats : PDF

IIR document

Modelling of an onboard R290 refrigerated sea water (RSW) system for ice production on small fishing vessels in India.

• Author(s) : KÖSTER L., SINGHA P., DAS C., BENGSCH J., HAFNER A., DASGUPTA M. S., KOCHUNNI S. K., WIDELL K. N.
• Publication date: 2024/08
• Languages : English
• Source: 16^th IIR-Gustav Lorentzen Conference on Natural Refrigerants (GL2024). Proceedings. University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland, USA, August 11-14 2024
• Formats : PDF

IIR document

Effect of sorbet freezing process on draw temperature and ice crystal size using focused beam reflectance method (FBRM) online measurements.

• Author(s) : ARELLANO B. J. E., GONZALEZ B. D., LEDUCQ D., et al.
• Publication date: 2011/08/21
• Languages :
• Source: Proceedings of the 23^rd IIR International Congress of Refrigeration: Prague, Czech Republic, August 21-26, 2011. Overarching theme: Refrigeration for Sustainable Development.
• Formats : PDF

IIR document

The effects of ice crystal on water properties and protein stability of large yellow croaker (Pseudosciaena crocea).

• Author(s) : TAN M., YE J., CHU Y., XIE J.
• Publication date: 2021/10
• Languages : English
• Source: International Journal of Refrigeration - Revue Internationale du Froid - vol. 130
• Formats : PDF

IIR document

Influence of a heat flux to ice adhesion force.

• Author(s) : SCHAAF J., KOFFLER M., KAUFFELD M.
• Publication date: 2015/08/16
• Languages : English
• Source: Proceedings of the 24th IIR International Congress of Refrigeration: Yokohama, Japan, August 16-22, 2015.
• Formats : PDF

IIR document

Particle size distribution in ice slurry systems-analysis of dual-view particle images.

• Author(s) : KOFFLER M., KAUFFELD M.
• Publication date: 2016/05/18
• Languages : English
• Source: 11^th IIR Conference on Phase-Change Materials and Slurries for Refrigeration and Air Conditioning. Proceedings: Karlsruhe, Germany, May 18-20, 2016.
• Formats : PDF

IIR document

Particle size distribution in ice slurry systems: setup and analysis.

• Author(s) : KOFFLER M., SCHAAF J., KAUFFELD M.
• Publication date: 2015/08/16
• Languages : English
• Source: Proceedings of the 24th IIR International Congress of Refrigeration: Yokohama, Japan, August 16-22, 2015.
• Formats : PDF

IIR document

Preparation and experimental study of emulsion ice slurry under vacuum flash evaporation in solid adsorption.

• Author(s) : LV Y., ZHANG X., JUNJI, ZOU L.
• Publication date: 2022/12
• Languages : English
• Source: International Journal of Refrigeration - Revue Internationale du Froid - vol. 144
• Formats : PDF

IIR document

Effect of process parameters on ice crystals and air bubbles size distributions of sorbets in a scraped surface heat exchanger.

• Author(s) : HERNANDEZ PARRA O. D., NDOYE F. T., BENKHELIFA H., et al.
• Publication date: 2018/08
• Languages : English
• Source: International Journal of Refrigeration - Revue Internationale du Froid - vol. 92
• Formats : PDF

IIR document

Experimental investigation on inhomogeneity of ice packing factor in ice slurry flow.

• Author(s) : ASAOKA T., TAJIMA A., KUMANO H.
• Publication date: 2016/10
• Languages : English
• Source: International Journal of Refrigeration - Revue Internationale du Froid - vol. 70
• Formats : PDF

Recommended by the IIR / IIR document

Effect of supercooling freezing on the blanched and non-balanced potato compare with conventional freezing methods.

• Author(s) : POUDYAL R. L., WATANABE M., SUZUKI T., NIMU B.
• Publication date: 2020/08/26
• Languages : English
• Source: 6^th IIR International Conference on Sustainability and the Cold Chain. Proceedings: Nantes, France, August 26-28 2020
• Formats : PDF

Innovative transcritical CO2 ice rink installation

In Gimo, Sweden, a transcritical CO2 unit was installed to provide cooling for a new ice rink.

• Publication date : 2015/05/12

Must read: new handbook of best practices for room air conditioner installation

The Center for Environmental Energy Engineering (CEEE) at University of Maryland, the Climate & Clean Air Coalition (CCAC), Centro Studi Galileo, and the Institute for Governance & Sustainable...

• Publication date : 2025/04/11
• Subjects: Technology

Mauritius breaks record with the largest diesel/photovoltaic system installed

One of the world’s largest diesel/photovoltaic hybrid systems is to be installed in a supermarket in the city of Flacq, Mauritius.

• Publication date : 2014/10/06

Accelerated deployment of LNG import facilities in Europe

To cope with the drop in natural gas imports from Russia, some 25 new floating storage and regasification units should be installed in the European Union, with the first...

• Publication date : 2022/09/28
• Subjects: Figures, economy

ColdHubs: Revolutionising Nigerian agriculture with solar-powered cold rooms and empowering farmers

ColdHubs, founded by Nnaemeka Ikegwuonu, provides walk-in solar-powered cold rooms to combat post-harvest crop spoilage among small-scale farmers in Nigeria through Cooling-as-a-Service (CaaS). Their latest...

• Publication date : 2024/05/30

Biological effects of low temperature

In the past couple of decades, the use of cryosurgery for the treatment of tumours, i.e. destroying abnormal lesions while protecting surrounding tissues, has spread. The biological effects of cryosurgery can be divided into 2 types: early/direct...

• Publication date : 2005/06/14

Brief: Cryotemperatures save flooded archives

In February 2010, "Xynthia", a major storm swept over La Rochelle, France. In order to rescue the archives of the "Conseil Général de Charente Maritime" the departmental authority that were covered with 2-metre deep sea water, cryogenic...

• Publication date : 2011/02/07

Green cooling solutions for the Olympics

VANOC, the Vancouver Organizing Committee (www.Vancouver2010.com), claims that these Olympics are the greenest ever and there are whole lists of environmentally friendlier features in the venues. And...

• Publication date : 2010/02/19

Alternative Cooling Technologies conference, London, 1st February 2005

This conference, which was co-sponsored by the UK Institute of Refrigeration and organised commercially by RAC magazine, was well attended with about 140 people present. It was arranged in five sessions. In the first session, speakers from UK...

• Publication date : 2005/02/11

Briefs: Refrigerated windmill provides drinking water

A windmill equipped with a small cooling system produces up to 200 litres of drinking water/day. Collecting moisture from wind was already applied in Chile for instance, but by adding the small cooling device, it was possible for Marc Parent, the...

• Publication date : 2010/05/27

Cryogenics: A new cryocooler

A new cryocooler has been demonstrated at the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) that combines small-size, rapid cooling, low temperatures and high efficiency. It is a "pulse tube" design that uses oscillating helium gas to...

• Publication date : 2007/05/04

CHEs in heat pumps

In its Annex 33, "Compact Heat Exchangers in Heat Pumping Equipment" issued in September 2010, the Heat Pump Programme details the benefits of using compact heat exchangers (CHEs): . Improved heat exchanger thermal effectiveness: thermal...

• Publication date : 2011/02/07

A new solar-powered milk cooling system could benefit small-scale dairy farmers

Researchers from the University of Hohenheim studied a solar milk cooling system which was tested in Tunisia and could be implemented in Kenya.

• Publication date : 2018/06/22

Briefs: Chilled beams take off

Several MIT buildings now boast what looks like slim, fin-tubed radiators in ceiling cavities. These cooling devices are chilled beams. They use water, not air, to remove heat from a room. The potential energy reduction of using chilled beams...

• Publication date : 2010/03/07

Scroll compressors offer top efficiency

Scroll compressors offer top efficiency The Taiwan-based compressor manufacturer ChynTec International Co. Ltd. published an article earlier this year offering a synthetic comparison of the general performance of reciprocating, scroll and screw...

• Publication date : 2005/12/22

Conference: Oslo

The First International Conference on Small Scale LNG in Europe, an IIR-co-sponsored event held in Oslo on September 29-30, 2005, attracted 121 experts from 18 countries. Twenty PowerPoint presentations were given. Unlike the widely used methods...

• Publication date : 2006/05/05

SophiA project: HKA Lab test progress

SophiA HKA (Karlsruhe University of Applied Sciences) Lab test is intended to provide a better understanding of the cooling system in in different climate zones.

• Publication date : 2023/10/27

News from IIR members: Star Refrigeration

Star Refrigeration just announced a new collaboration with Core Enterprises, an American portable instruments developer to distribute AccuToolsR eL-720 carbon dioxide gas leak detector. The detector is easy to handle and effective at locating even...

• Publication date : 2011/02/07

Briefs: CERTE Sub-Commission meeting

The annual meeting of Sub-Commission (SC) D2 on Refrigerated Transport (CERTE), which took place in Prague, Czech Republic, was the occasion to discuss numerous technical questions on tests. It was decided to enlarge the scope of the SC and...

• Publication date : 2008/08/12

Conference update: Ohrid

The 3rd IIR event in a series, Ammonia Refrigeration Technology was held on May 7-9, 2009, in Ohrid, Macedonia. With 95 participants from 24 countries and 32 papers presented, the event was very successful. A key focus of this series of...

• Publication date : 2009/05/27

INDEE3 project kick-off meeting in India

In September 2025, an IIR representative attended the official kick-off meeting of a project, INDEE3 - Indo-Norwegian collaboration on sustainable cooling and heating in India. This was the start of a...

• Publication date : 2025/10/22

Member news : Danfoss launches thermostatic expansion valve for CO2

Danfoss has recently launched a thermostatic expansion valve for CO2, based on its TE2 valve. It is suitable for small to medium size remote refrigeration systems such as cold rooms and display...

• Publication date : 2022/10/27

IIR member news: Cemafroid, IRSTEA and AFCE

A new study on the containment of refrigerants has been launched with the aim of identifying and promoting best practices in this regard.

• Publication date : 2015/10/07

The IIR at the heart of magnetic refrigeration

Magnetic refrigeration technology proves more alluring than ever: conferences, workshops and research projects continue to make waves.

• Publication date : 2015/03/25

News from IIR members: GDF-SUEZ

GDF SUEZ continues to develop its small scale liquefied natural gas (LNG) activities in North West Europe following the awarding by Fluxys of additional berthing and storage capacity long-term rights at the Zeebrugge LNG terminal.

• Publication date : 2013/06/20

New EU research project BETTED gets underway!

The IIR is one of 10 partners of the new European research project aimed at promoting the energy transition of the dairy value chain.

• Publication date : 2024/03/27

BETTED: a new IIR EU funded project

This project aims to promote the energy transition of the dairy value chain. The kick-off meeting is scheduled for March 11-12 in Brussels (Belgium).

• Publication date : 2024/01/26

IIR member news: A new BSRIA study on the global compressor market 

A recent study by BSRIA shows that sales of refrigeration compressors in 2022 are expected to reach 502 million units with a value of USD 48.6 billion, up 15% year-on-year. 

• Publication date : 2022/12/13
• Subjects: Figures, economy

Obituary: Einar Brendeng

The IIR presents its deepest sympathy and sincerest condolences to Professor Einar Brendeng’s family, the Norwegian refrigeration industry and society.

• Publication date : 2024/03/28

Walk-In Cold Rooms: A Practitioner’s Technical Guide

In many developing countries, agriculture is crucial to livelihoods, and developing the cold chain from field to table can boost incomes and stimulate economic growth. Cold stores are an essential link in the...

• Publication date : 2024/01/24
• Subjects: General information

Cryogenics in the pharmaceutical industry: drug design and bioavailability improvement

Research activities in the pharmaceutical sector focus primarily on developing novel drug formulations which can elicit the desired response upon being administered to the patient...

• Last update : 2023/03/10
• Langues : English, French
• Themes : Freeze-drying in biology and medicine, Cryobiology, cryomedicine: general information

Ice cream manufacturing, environmental impact and market data

From a physico-chemical point of view, ice cream is a complex, frozen multiphase mixture. The manufacturing process includes several stages of freezing which are described in this...

• Last update : 2023/06/30
• Langues : English, French
• Themes : Ice creams

Cryogenic nitrogen in the food and beverage industry

The adoption of cryogenic processes in the food and beverage industry is predominantly driven by liquid nitrogen (LIN), and it is the preferred candidate for food chilling and...

• Last update : 2023/11/07
• Langues : English, French
• Themes : Freezing of foodstuffs

Liquefied Natural Gas: production process and cold energy recovery

Liquefied natural gas (LNG) is natural gas that has been cooled to about -160 °C and turned into a liquid to facilitate transportation and storage. A typical LNG supply chain...

• Last update : 2023/06/23
• Langues : English, French
• Themes : LNG and LPG

Nanorefrigerants

Nanorefrigerants are created by adding nanoparticles in suspension to a base refrigerant. They have a thermal conductivity that is 15% to 104% higher than that of the corresponding...

• Last update : 2022/06/17
• Langues : English, French
• Themes : Nanofluids

Additive manufacturing of regenerators for caloric cooling

In many areas of engineering, additive manufacturing allows the production of complex and multifunctional products that could not be manufactured using traditional methods. In the...

• Last update : 2022/09/16
• Langues : English, French
• Themes : Caloric cooling (magnetocaloric, electrocaloric, elastocaloric and barocaloric cooling)

Environmental impact of the ice cream industry

This summary document describes the environmental impact of ice cream manufacturing, which is mainly due to the energy consumption and refrigerants used.

• Last update : 2022/11/17
• Langues : English, French
• Themes : General information on environment (climate change, ozone depletion…)

For IIR members only

Heat pump stock in Europe

This table presents the stock of installed heat pumps, the CO2 emissions avoided and the number of jobs in the heat pump sector in Europe.

• Last update : 2021/12/14
• Langues : English
• Themes : Heat pumps, energy recovery: economics and statistics

Additive manufacturing of heat exchangers

In the refrigeration industry, additive manufacturing (colloquially referred to as “3D printing”) makes it possible to fabricate novel, complex and potentially more energy efficient...

• Last update : 2022/09/07
• Langues : English, French
• Themes : Evaporators, condensers and other heat exchangers