Search results

Heat transfer distribution for impinging methane-air premixed flame jets.

• Author(s) : HINDASAGERI V., VEDULA R. P., PRABHU S. V.
• Publication date: 2014/12
• Languages : English
• Keywords : Methane, Tube, Heat transfer, Thermography, Air, Distribution
• Source: Applied Thermal Engineering - vol. 73 - n. 1

IIR document

Air distribution improvement of closed type server cabinets using flow baffles.

• Author(s) : CHEN H. Y., CHUAH Y. K., HSIEH M. H., et al.
• Publication date: 2015/08/16
• Languages : English
• Keywords : Computer, Temperature, Air, Simulation, Flow, Baffle, Distribution
• Source: Proceedings of the 24th IIR International Congress of Refrigeration: Yokohama, Japan, August 16-22, 2015.
• Formats : PDF

IIR document

Maldistribution in air–water heat pump evaporators. 2. Economic analysis of counteracting technologies.

• Author(s) : MADER G., PALM B., ELMEGAARD B.
• Publication date: 2015/02
• Languages : English
• Keywords : Technology, Economy, Air-water, Heat pump, Performance, Evaporator, Distribution
• Source: International Journal of Refrigeration - Revue Internationale du Froid - vol. 50
• Formats : PDF

Simplified model for desired airflow rate in underfloor air distribution (UFAD) systems.

• Author(s) : ZHANG K., ZHANG X., LI X.
• Publication date: 2016/01/25
• Languages : English
• Keywords : Stratification, Floor, Air, Thermal comfort, Air conditioning, Distribution
• Source: Applied Thermal Engineering - vol. 93

IIR document

Simulation of air velocity distribution in a freezing tunnel.

• Author(s) : WIDELL K. N., ALONSO M. J., NORDTVEDT T. S.
• Publication date: 2015/04/16
• Languages : English
• Keywords : Velocity (fluids, gases), Tunnel, Ammonia, Air, Simulation, Construction, Freezing, Distribution
• Source: 6^th Conference on Ammonia and CO2 Refrigeration Technology. Proceedings: Ohrid, North Macedonia, April 16-18, 2015.
• Formats : PDF

Experimental research on circumferential inflow air and vortex distribution for wet cooling tower under crosswind conditions.

• Author(s) : GAO M., SUN F. Z., WANG N., et al.
• Publication date: 2014/03
• Languages : English
• Keywords : Vortex, Cooling tower, Air, Expérimentation, Distribution
• Source: Applied Thermal Engineering - vol. 64 - n. 1-2

IIR document

Maldistribution in air–water heat pump evaporators. 1. Effects on evaporator, heat pump and system level.

• Author(s) : MADER G., PALM B., ELMEGAARD B.
• Publication date: 2015/02
• Languages : English
• Keywords : Refrigerating system, Air-water, Heat pump, Performance, Modelling, Evaporator, Distribution
• Source: International Journal of Refrigeration - Revue Internationale du Froid - vol. 50
• Formats : PDF

IIR document

Air-water two-phase flow distribution in a manifold having four indoor-unit connections of a VRF system.

• Author(s) : JEONG J., HAM S., CHOI S.
• Publication date: 2019/08/24
• Languages : English
• Keywords : Variable volume, Two-phase flow, Correlation, Expérimentation, Parallel flow, Refrigerant, Air conditioning, Distribution
• Source: Proceedings of the 25^th IIR International Congress of Refrigeration: Montréal , Canada, August 24-30, 2019.
• Formats : PDF

An experimental study on the uneven refrigerant distribution over a vertically installed multi-circuit outdoor coil in an air source heat pump unit during reverse cycle defrosting.

• Author(s) : SONG M., WANG Z., MAO N., et al.
• Publication date: 2015/12/05
• Languages : English
• Keywords : Air, Coil, Heat pump, Expérimentation, Defrosting, Refrigerant, Distribution
• Source: Applied Thermal Engineering - vol. 91

CFD case study: heat exchanger inlet air velocity distribution for ducted tests in a psychrometric chamber (ASHRAE RP-1785).

• Author(s) : LEE J. A., BACH C. K., BRADSHAW C. R.
• Publication date: 2018/07/09
• Languages : English
• Keywords : Velocity (fluids, gases), CFD, Air, Simulation, Coil, Oil, Duct, Heat exchanger, Air distribution
• Source: 2018 Purdue Conferences. 17^th International Refrigeration and Air-Conditioning Conference at Purdue.
• Formats : PDF

Control of underfloor air-distribution systems.

• Author(s) : NALL D. H.
• Publication date: 2015/05
• Languages : English
• Keywords : Generality, Floor, Control (generic), Air conditioning, Air distribution
• Source: ASHRAE Journal - vol. 57 - n. 5

A comparative analysis of air distribution methods in air conditioning systems.

• Author(s) : GABOR B., MUNCAN V., ANDELKOVIC A., et al.
• Publication date: 2017/12/06
• Languages : English
• Keywords : Software, CFD, Air quality, Air conditioning, Air distribution
• Source: 48^th International HVAC&R Congress and Exhibition.
• Formats : PDF, PowerPoint

IIR document

Refrigerant mass distribution in an invertible air-to-water heat pump: effect of the airflow velocity.

• Author(s) : GUZZARDI C., AZZOLIN M., LAZZARATO S., DEL COL D.
• Publication date: 2022/06
• Languages : English
• Keywords : Refrigerant charge, Air-water, Heat pump, R32, Expérimentation, Modelling, Air flow, Simulation, Performance, Reversibility
• Source: International Journal of Refrigeration - Revue Internationale du Froid - vol. 138
• Formats : PDF

Basics of well-mixed room air distribution.

• Author(s) : INT-HOUT D.
• Publication date: 2015/07
• Languages : English
• Keywords : Performance, Mixed system, Thermal comfort, Air conditioning, Air distribution
• Source: ASHRAE Journal - vol. 57 - n. 7

IIR document

A parallel connection device to reduce non-uniform flow distribution in the large-scale vertical radial flow adsorber.

• Author(s) : RUI D., CHEN Y., ZHANG X., et al.
• Publication date: 2015/08/16
• Languages : English
• Keywords : Air, Adsorber, Separation, Flow, Cryogenics, Distribution
• Source: Proceedings of the 24th IIR International Congress of Refrigeration: Yokohama, Japan, August 16-22, 2015.
• Formats : PDF

Melodys: a 16-tonne electric truck for urban foodstuff delivery.

Melodys is claimed to be the largest electric delivery truck. It can run on diesel fuel or electricity.

• Publication date : 2011/12/02

Obstacles to energy efficient HVAC&R solutions in the food retail sector

A new research paper from the SuperSmart project presents figures related to commercial refrigeration and the results of a survey aimed at identifying obstacles to the adoption of energy-efficient HVAC&R solutions in the food retail sector.

• Publication date : 2018/04/19

High-temperature Superconductivity

Groundbreaking findings on high-temperature superconductivity. A superconductor is a material that can conduct electricity with virtually no resistance. The phenomenon was discovered by Kamerlingh Onnes in 1911 and takes place in certain metals...

• Publication date : 2007/05/04

Briefs: Funding for solar cooling pioneers

Faced with climbing fossil fuel prices, refrigerated warehouse companies around the globe are starting to look seriously at renewable energy sources, particularly solar energy. In the United States, companies such as ShopRite Supermarket, Costco...

• Publication date : 2011/02/07

Key Figures: French air heat pump market in 2014

 Importance of the heat pump sector in France in 2014:- Turnover: 2.4 billion euros- 24,000 jobs (manufacturing, distribution, installation and maintenance)- 20 industrial sites in FranceFrench air heat pump market in...

• Publication date : 2015/04/02
• Subjects: Figures, economy

ARI Publishes the Statistical Profile of the Air Conditioning, Heating, and Refrigeration Industry

On October 7, 2004, the Air-Conditioning and Refrigeration Institute (ARI) published the 2004 edition of the Statistical Profile of the Air Conditioning, Heating, and Refrigeration Industry. This publication provides statistical data, from...

• Publication date : 2004/11/19

Bradbury in split condition

Australian Winter Olympic gold medallist speed skater Steven Bradbury is trying his hand at HVAC. Retired from the sporting arena as the first Australian to take home gold in the Winter Olympics, he set up ASG AIR 18 months ago with two friends to...

• Publication date : 2006/01/24

Updated ASHRAE Ventilation standard 62 published

ASHRAE Standard 62.1-2004, Ventilation for Acceptable Indoor Air Quality, contains key changes from the 2001 standard. The standard specifies minimum ventilation rates and indoor air quality requirements for commercial and institutional buildings....

• Publication date : 2005/02/03

Trends and markets: AC market

- According to a recent BSRIA press release, the air-conditioning market contracted by 11% compared to 2008, reaching USD 63.2 million in 2009. It is expected to see a slow recovery in 2010 with an expected growth rate of around 5%. In terms of...

• Publication date : 2011/02/04

Briefs: Purdue University

Purdue University will create a USD 23.5 million Center for High Performance Buildings to design systems for future structures that are more environmentally and user friendly, energy efficient, and safe. The project is funded by the US Commerce...

• Publication date : 2010/05/27

Kelvion extends its range of natural refrigerant air coolers

To drive decarbonisation by using natural refrigerants such as CO2, ammonia or propane, Kelvion has expanded its range of industrial air cooler. Kelvion is an IIR corporate member. 

• Publication date : 2023/05/27

Ultra-low temperature systems ready for COVID-19 vaccine storage

Mirai Intex, corporate member of the IIR, is positioning its ultra-low-temperature (ULT) systems to serve as the refrigeration technology for the storage of COVID-19 vaccines and the freeze-drying of the...

• Publication date : 2020/11/26

PCMs and ice slurries: Broccoli preservation with ice slurry

Preserving the quality of extremely perishable vegetables such as broccoli is dependent on rapid and thorough cooling immediately after harvest and maintaining at a low temperature during storage or processing. The lower the storage temperature...

• Publication date : 2007/02/12

Briefs: solar air-conditioning prototype

As part of the European programme Solera, CEA LITEN researchers recently set up a 4.5-kW solar air-conditioning prototype in the facilities of the INES (French National Institute of Solar Energy) in Chambéry in the French Alps, where the system...

• Publication date : 2009/12/09

Brief: Transit warehouse dedicated to pharmaceutical products

DHL Danzas Air & Ocean has created one of the first air transit warehouses under customs with controlled temperature solely dedicated to pharmaceutical products. This 1000 m2 warehouse is intended for pharmaceutical and derived products with...

• Publication date : 2004/11/10

The Cold Chain: A logistical challenge at the heart of the distribution of the COVID-19 vaccine 

Gérald Cavalier - President of the Science and Technology Council of the International Institute of Refrigeration, President of the French Association of Refrigeration, President of the Cemafroid...

• Publication date : 2020/11/23
• Subjects: General information, Technology

IIR Working Group on the Cold Chain in Warm Countries appoints a new chairperson

Newly appointed chairperson, Halima Thraya, will oversee and coordinate the various efforts and projects carried out by the Working Group.

• Publication date : 2015/06/03

New IIR Informatory Note on non-uniform environment

A non-uniform indoor environment can reconcile the demand for a healthy and comfortable environment and the objective of low carbon emissions. 

• Publication date : 2023/11/28

Celebrating Refrigeration Ceremony 2021

Organised under the initiative of the French Association of Refrigeration (AFF), the third French New Year ceremony to celebrate refrigeration, Les Vœux du Froid, took place on January 21.

• Publication date : 2021/01/27

Abstract submissions open for the IIR Cold Chain Conference 2020

Submit your abstracts online today for the next International Conference on Sustainability and the Cold Chain

• Publication date : 2019/09/19

The International Dictionary of Refrigeration is now accessible online

Previously only available in paper format and in just 5 languages, the complete version of the International Dictionary of Refrigeration is now accessible on our website.

• Publication date : 2015/09/23

Now freely accessible: The IIR International Dictionary of Refrigeration

Now available in 11 languages, the complete version of the IIR International Dictionary of Refrigeration is freely accessible online!

• Publication date : 2018/01/31

Briefs: CERTE Sub-Commission meeting

The annual meeting of Sub-Commission (SC) D2 on Refrigerated Transport (CERTE), which took place in Prague, Czech Republic, was the occasion to discuss numerous technical questions on tests. It was decided to enlarge the scope of the SC and...

• Publication date : 2008/08/12

Press release: The IIR International Dictionary of Refrigeration is now freely accessible online

Available in 11 languages, the complete version of the International Institute of Refrigeration (IIR) International Dictionary of Refrigeration is now freely accessible online.

• Publication date : 2018/02/01

IIR Cryogenics Conference 2025: Call for abstracts to open in May!

Get ready to put pen to paper! The Programme Committee of the 18th IIR Conference on Cryogenics invites authors to submit their abstracts from May 25, 2024 – September 20, 2024.

• Publication date : 2024/03/21
• Subjects: Technology

Healthcare drones: Countless advantages for a healthier society

With the objective of making it possible for those who require urgent healthcare supplies delivered as often and as regularly as necessary, various companies are now pushing the possibilities of exploiting drones to deliver healthcare supplies...

• Publication date : 2017/03/22

Spotlight on Commission B2: at the forefront of refrigerating equipment

Coordinated by the IIR Science and Technology Council, Commission B2 focuses on promoting knowledge of refrigerating equipment technologies and their applications worldwide.

• Publication date : 2015/05/15

1st IIR International Cold and Sustainability Conference

The 1st IIR Conference on Sustainability and the Cold Chain held in Cambridge, UK, on March 29-31, 2010 attracted over 150 participants from 22 countries. Academia, public and corporate research centres, public agencies and administrations, and...

• Publication date : 2010/05/27

Discover the 30th Informatory Note on Heat-Sensitive Health Products

In this Informatory Note, the IIR has defined the issues and challenges that need to be addressed in order to ensure that reliable cold chains, along the distribution chain of products essential to public health, are put in place.

• Publication date : 2016/01/13

EU project SuperSmart comes to a close: What have we learnt?

Funded by the European Union Horizon 2020 Research and Innovation Programme, the EU SuperSmart project was launched in February 2016 and recently came to an end. Want to know how to reduce energy consumption in the food retail sector?… SuperSmart...

• Publication date : 2019/02/25

Cryogenic nitrogen in the food and beverage industry

The adoption of cryogenic processes in the food and beverage industry is predominantly driven by liquid nitrogen (LIN), and it is the preferred candidate for food chilling and...

• Last update : 2023/11/07
• Langues : French, English
• Themes : Freezing of foodstuffs

Ice cream manufacturing, environmental impact and market data

From a physico-chemical point of view, ice cream is a complex, frozen multiphase mixture. The manufacturing process includes several stages of freezing which are described in this...

• Last update : 2023/06/30
• Langues : French, English
• Themes : Ice creams

Liquefied Natural Gas: production process and cold energy recovery

Liquefied natural gas (LNG) is natural gas that has been cooled to about -160 °C and turned into a liquid to facilitate transportation and storage. A typical LNG supply chain...

• Last update : 2023/06/23
• Langues : French, English
• Themes : LNG and LPG

Cryogenics in the pharmaceutical industry: drug design and bioavailability improvement

Research activities in the pharmaceutical sector focus primarily on developing novel drug formulations which can elicit the desired response upon being administered to the patient...

• Last update : 2023/03/10
• Langues : French, English
• Themes : Freeze-drying in biology and medicine, Cryobiology, cryomedicine: general information

Environmental impact of the ice cream industry

This summary document describes the environmental impact of ice cream manufacturing, which is mainly due to the energy consumption and refrigerants used.

• Last update : 2022/11/17
• Langues : French, English
• Themes : General information on environment (climate change, ozone depletion…)