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Grape seed and clove bud extracts as natural antioxidants in silver carp (Hypophthalmichthys molitrix) fillets during chilled storage: effect on lipid and protein oxidation.

• Author(s) : SHI C., CUI J., YING X., et al.
• Publication date: 2014/06
• Languages : English
• Source: Food Control The International Journal of HACCP and Food Safety - vol. 40

IIR document

An overview of experimental studies on nanorefrigerants: Recent research, development and applications.

• Author(s) : SANUKRISHNA S. S., MURUKAN M., PRAKASH M. J.
• Publication date: 2018/04
• Languages : English
• Source: International Journal of Refrigeration - Revue Internationale du Froid - vol. 88
• Formats : PDF

Review of lubrication and cooling in Computer Numerical Control (CNC) machine tools: a content and visualization analysis, research hotspots and gaps.

• Author(s) : KUMAR R., SHARMA S., VERMA S., RAFIGHI M.
• Publication date: 2023/03
• Languages : English
• Source: Sustainability - vol. 15 - n. 6
• Formats : PDF

Evolution of DMSO concentration in garlic shoot tips during a vitrification procedure.

• Author(s) : KIM H. H., KIM J. B., BAEK H. J., et al.
• Publication date: 2004/03
• Languages : English
• Keywords : Vitrification, Garlic, Bud, DMSO, Cryopreservation, Concentration
• Source: CryoLetters - vol. 25 - n. 2

IIR document

Freezing tolerance of tail bud stage carp (cyprinus carpio l.) embryos: preliminary results.

• Author(s) : LEVERONI-CALVI S., ZOCCARATO I., GASCO L.
• Publication date: 1996/03/20
• Languages : English
• Source: Refrigeration and Aquaculture.
• Formats : PDF

IIR document

Post-harvest handling of garlic (Allium sativum) cv. Colorado.

• Author(s) : GIMENEZ A., ARANITI V., GUINLE V., ROBY H. R., LLERA J., WINTER P.
• Publication date: 1995/08/20
• Languages : English
• Source: For a Better Quality of Life. 19th International Congress of Refrigeration.
• Formats : PDF

Recommendations for maintaining postharvest quality: carnation, miniature carnation./ Recommandations pour maintenir la qualité après récolte : oeillet, oeillet miniature.

Recommendations for maintaining postharvest quality: carnation, miniature carnation.

• Author(s) : REID M. S.
• Publication date: 2009/02
• Languages : English
• Source: Postharvest Technol., Res. Inf. Cent. - 2 p.

The influence of different factors on the effectiveness of embryogenesis in head cabbage anther culture.

• Author(s) : GÓRECKA K., KRZYANOWSKA D.
• Publication date: 2004
• Languages : English
• Source: Veg. Crops Res. Bull. - vol. 61

IIR document

STORAGE ABILITY OF STUMPS OF WHITE-HEADED CABBAGE DEPENDING ON THE TEMPERATURE CONDITIONS OF STORAGE.

• Author(s) : POLEGAEV V. I.
• Publication date: 1982/05/26
• Languages : English
• Formats : PDF

IIR document

ROLE DU FROID POUR AMELIORER LA PRODUCTION ET LA CONSERVATION DE L'ENDIVE.

EFFECTS OF COLD TREATMENTS IN INCREASING THE PRODUCTION AND STORAGE OF CHICORY.

• Author(s) : SOUDAIN P., FIALA V., COCHET J. P.
• Publication date: 1983/08/07
• Languages : French
• Source: [Refrigeration serving humanity]. Proceedings of the XVI^th international Congress of Refrigeration.
• Formats : PDF

IIR document

Long-term storage of witloof roots (Chichorium intybus, var. Foliosum) in modified atmosphere conditions.

• Author(s) : LIPS J.
• Publication date: 1994/09/07
• Languages : English
• Source: Refrigeration and the Quality of Fresh Vegetables.
• Formats : PDF

Refrigerant Fraud

Fake cylinders of HFCs such as R-134a, R-407C, R-410A, etc. have been found in parts of Europe in Germany, Poland and Greece, but not so far the UK. Samples taken from a cylinder labelled R-134a were analysed by refrigerant producer Honeywell and...

• Publication date : 2006/02/09

Brief: Mr. Geraud Darnis

Mr. Geraud Darnis, President of Carrier Corporation, was elected chairman of the Board of Directors of the Air-Conditioning and Refrigeration Institute (ARI) on November 14, 2004.

• Publication date : 2005/02/11

Barbados releases a national strategy for sustainable cooling

The Caribbean island of Barbados released its national cooling strategy in September 2022, as the country experiences an increase in demand for air conditioners.

• Publication date : 2022/10/10
• Subjects: Figures, economy, Developing country

Green Buildings: King Abdullah University

King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST) in Thuwal, Saudi Arabia, has been selected as one of the 2010 "Top Ten Green Projects" by the American Institute of Architects (AIA) Committee on the Environment (COTE). The annual...

• Publication date : 2011/02/04

Geraud Darnis elected ARI chairman

Geraud Darnis, President of Carrier Corporation, was elected Chairman of the Board of Directors of the Air-conditioning and Refrigeration Institute (ARI) during the Board meeting on November 14, 2004. He has served on ARI's Board of Directors and...

• Publication date : 2004/12/22

Briefs: District cooling in Saudi Arabia

MODON signed an agreement with National Tri-Generational CHP Company (NTCC) to provide the Jeddah 2nd Industrial City with a district cooling service system. The system will provide the industrial city about 352 MW of district cooling services and...

• Publication date : 2010/03/07

AUD 500 million to improve air-conditioning in New South Wales’ schools

The New South Wales Government has announced its intention to invest AUD 500 million to improve air-conditioning in more than 1,000 schools across the Australian state over the next five years.

• Publication date : 2018/08/15

Saudi Arabia HVAC-R market outlook, 2021

A market forecast in different sectors of refrigeration was presented during the 2017 edition of HVAC-R Expo Saudi.

• Publication date : 2017/10/23
• Subjects: Figures, economy, Developing country

Great potential for solar district cooling in Saudi Arabia

A recent modelling compares the performances of a two-stage and a single-stage absorption chiller in a solar district cooling system in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.

• Publication date : 2018/12/27
• Subjects: Developing country

Measures for more energy-efficient air conditioning in Saudi Arabia

A recent article proposes key policies and technologies that could promote a more sustainable use of air conditioning in Saudi Arabia, a country where air conditioning accounts for 70% of household electricity...

• Publication date : 2020/12/28
• Subjects: Figures, economy, Technology

Frozen food “bad reputation”

According to an online survey of 1013 Americans conducted by Braun Research for ConAgra Foods in March, four out of five US consumers believe that frozen foods are highly processed and not as nutritious as fresh foods.

• Publication date : 2014/01/07

Saudi Arabia to expel nearly 1 million air conditioners

The crack-down on air conditioners that do not meet new energy efficiency standards continues with over 850,000 non-compliant units disclosed to authorities and a further 15,000 confiscated and destroyed.

• Publication date : 2014/03/18
• Subjects: Regulation

District cooling: A market poised for strong growth in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia

During summer, air conditioning accounts for about 70% of the total electricity consumption.

• Publication date : 2014/02/24

Green roofs can reduce cooling demand in warm climate zones

The impact of green roofs on building energy performance was assessed in 15 climate zones. In most regions, the reduction in energy demand for cooling was greater than for...

• Publication date : 2023/10/24
• Subjects: Technology

Expansion of cold chain facilities in hot countries

Effective cold-chain logistics are essential for the economic growth of hot countries. In Africa, Asia, as well as the Middle East, various stakeholders are engaged in setting up cold storage refrigeration warehouses and temperature-controlled...

• Publication date : 2020/02/27
• Subjects: Developing country

IIR Working Group on the Cold Chain in Warm Countries appoints a new chairperson

Newly appointed chairperson, Halima Thraya, will oversee and coordinate the various efforts and projects carried out by the Working Group.

• Publication date : 2015/06/03

Invitation: IIR Seminar on the "Logistics For Transport Of Foodstuffs Under Controlled Temperatures In Hot Countries"

The IIR is delighted to invite you to the IIR Seminar on the "Logistics For Transport Of Foodstuffs Under Controlled Temperatures In Hot Countries” and an IIR Working Group meeting on The Cold Chain in Hot Countries.

• Publication date : 2016/09/21

1st IIR-UNEP Joint Experts’ Round-Table on Cold Chain Management in Hot Climates

In collaboration with the United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP), the IIR is proud to announce the 1st IIR-UNEP Joint Experts’ Round-Table on Cold Chain Management in Hot Climates.

• Publication date : 2016/01/20

Download the IIR Seminar on the Logistics For Transport Of Foodstuffs Under Controlled Temperatures In Hot Countries presentations

Recognising the social and economic importance of this issue on a global scale, the IIR organised a seminar on the Logistics For Transport Of Foodstuffs Under Controlled Temperatures In Hot Countries on October 25, 2016 in Tunis (Tunisia).

• Publication date : 2016/12/13

Event update: 1st IIR-UNEP Joint Experts’ Round-Table on Cold Chain Management in Hot Climates

The IIR and UNEP organise a Joint Experts’ Round-Table on Cold Chain Management in Hot Climates.

• Publication date : 2016/06/08

New EU funded project began on October 1st, 2021: “SophiA - Sustainable off-grid solutions for pharmacies and hospitals in Africa”

With a budget of 8 million euros over four years, SophiA will develop containerized solutions for hospitals using natural refrigerants, solar thermal and photovoltaics to enable more and more African people to...

• Publication date : 2021/10/21
• Subjects: Technology, Developing country, Environment, HFCs alternatives

IIR Statutory Meetings

The IIR statutory meetings for the year 2021 were held on 2-4 June. 

• Publication date : 2021/06/29

Statutory meetings

The Beijing Congress The Publications Sub-Committee, the members of the Science and Technology Council who are in the Management Committee and the Management Committee held their meetings in Karlsruhe, Germany, on March 23-24, 2007 thanks to the...

• Publication date : 2007/05/04

IGO meeting

The IIR is an intergovernmental organization based in Paris, like of course several agencies of the United Nations Organization or OECD, but also like other small specialized organizations: the European and Mediterranean Plant Protection...

• Publication date : 2005/06/14

IIR events: conferences

Order the proceedings of three IIR conferences covering state-of-the-art topics: - 2nd International Conference on Magnetic Refrigeration at Room Temperature (Portoroz, Slovenia, April 11-13, 2007); - Ammonia Refrigeration Technology for Today...

• Publication date : 2007/08/05

IIR committee meetings in Beijing

The Management Committee of the IIR met in Beijing on March 25, 2006. Two other meetings took place the same week: the Publications Sub-Committee (PSC) meeting and the meeting of the representatives of the Science and Technology Council to the...

• Publication date : 2006/05/05

Highlights from COP13/MOP36 – Day 4

Today, at COP13/MOP36 in Bangkok, high-level discussions continued as delegates, scientists, and policy leaders gathered with renewed urgency to protect the ozone layer and address climate...

• Publication date : 2024/10/31

ICR2007 in Beijing

The International Institute of Refrigeration (IIR) holds Congresses every 4 years. They have two objectives: - a scientific objective: apart from the numerous IIR and IIR-co-sponsored conferences (about 50 over a 4-year period), which are focused...

• Publication date : 2007/11/20

COOL-SAVE project news

This European project – which aims at development and dissemination of cost-effective strategies designed to improve energy efficiency in cooling systems in the food and drink sector – involves 9 partners including the IIR, which is a member of...

• Publication date : 2013/02/22

Annual IIR statutory meetings

The annual IIR statutory meetings took place between June 13 and 15, 2018 in Paris. They were held at La Cité des Sciences et de l’Industrie, where the attendees could visit the international exhibition on refrigeration.

• Publication date : 2018/06/22
• Subjects: General information

Hydrocarbon refrigerants

Hydrocarbons such as R290 (propane), R600a (isobutane) or R1270 (propene/propylene) are low GWP non-toxic natural refrigerants with excellent thermodynamic properties. They offer an...

• Last update : 2022/06/22
• Langues : French, English
• Themes : Hydrocarbons, Containment, refrigerant charge reduction

Thermophysical properties of hydrocarbon refrigerants

Thermophysical properties of over 20 hydrocarbon refrigerants, including single-component and blends.

• Last update : 2022/06/17
• Langues : English
• Themes : Hydrocarbons, Blends

Ice cream manufacturing, environmental impact and market data

From a physico-chemical point of view, ice cream is a complex, frozen multiphase mixture. The manufacturing process includes several stages of freezing which are described in this...

• Last update : 2023/06/30
• Langues : French, English
• Themes : Ice creams

Global warming potential (GWP) of HFC refrigerants

Using the latest updated data from UNEP’s RTOC 2022 report, we have compiled the 100-year GWP and 20-year GWP values of hydrofluorocarbon-based (HFC) refrigerants. Our table includes...

• Last update : 2023/09/15
• Langues : French, English
• Themes : HFCs

Cryogenic nitrogen in the food and beverage industry

The adoption of cryogenic processes in the food and beverage industry is predominantly driven by liquid nitrogen (LIN), and it is the preferred candidate for food chilling and...

• Last update : 2023/11/07
• Langues : French, English
• Themes : Freezing of foodstuffs

Thermophysical properties of HFC refrigerants

Thermophysical properties of over 100 HFC refrigerants, including single-component and blends.

• Last update : 2022/06/17
• Langues : English
• Themes : HFCs, HFO et HCFO, Blends

Thermophysical properties of HFO refrigerants

Thermophysical properties of over 50 HFO refrigerants, including single-component and blends.

• Last update : 2022/06/17
• Langues : English
• Themes : HFO et HCFO, Blends

Global HFC emissions from the refrigeration sector

This table shows HFC emissions from the refrigeration sector – including air conditioning – in million tonnes of CO2 equivalent for about 40 countries that are signatories...

• Last update : 2022/01/20
• Langues : English
• Themes : General information on environment (climate change, ozone depletion…)

Nanorefrigerants

Nanorefrigerants are created by adding nanoparticles in suspension to a base refrigerant. They have a thermal conductivity that is 15% to 104% higher than that of the corresponding...

• Last update : 2022/06/17
• Langues : English, French
• Themes : Nanofluids

For IIR members only

Heat pump stock in Europe

This table presents the stock of installed heat pumps, the CO2 emissions avoided and the number of jobs in the heat pump sector in Europe.

• Last update : 2021/12/14
• Langues : English
• Themes : Heat pumps, energy recovery: economics and statistics